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Theory of life arising from non-living matter
Spontaneous generation is a superseded scientific theory that held that living creatures could arise from non-living matter and that such processes were
Spontaneous_generation
French chemist, pharmacist and microbiologist (1822–1895)
Leeuwenhoek). Pasteur was responsible for disproving the doctrine of spontaneous generation. Under the auspices of the French Academy of Sciences, his experiment
Louis_Pasteur
Italian naturalist and poet
parasitology". He was the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. Having a
Francesco_Redi
Biochemistry concept
development of the germ theory of disease, which put the concept of spontaneous generation to rest. Although the fermentation process had been used extensively
Fermentation_theory
Matter with biological processes
dust or the supposed seasonal generation of mice and insects from mud or garbage. The theory of spontaneous generation was proposed by Aristotle, who
Life
Topics referred to by the same term
bacterial peritonitis Spontaneous combustion Spontaneous declaration Spontaneous emission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous generation Spontaneous human combustion
Spontaneous
Type of barnacle
leucopsis, were thought to have developed from this crustacean through spontaneous generation, since they were never seen to nest in temperate Europe, hence the
Goose_barnacle
Italian priest, biologist and physiologist (1729–1799)
research on biogenesis paved the way for the downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation, a prevailing idea at the time that organisms develop from inanimate
Lazzaro_Spallanzani
Prevailing theory about diseases
physician Francesco Redi published experimental evidence rejecting spontaneous generation, the theory that living creatures arise from nonliving matter. He
Germ_theory_of_disease
Life arising from non-living matter
the origin of life, from Aristotle until the 19th century, was of spontaneous generation. This held that "lower" animals such as insects were generated by
Abiogenesis
Flask with a curved neck that traps particulate
experiments used to support germ theory as the cause of fermentation over spontaneous generation from bad air (miasma). Gooseneck (piping) Pelczar, Michael J; Chan
Swan_neck_flask
attributed the origin of life to deities who created the natural world. Spontaneous generation, the first naturalistic theory of abiogenesis, goes back to Aristotle
History of research into the origin of life
History_of_research_into_the_origin_of_life
Chemist and physician (1580–1644)
Greek word chaos) into the vocabulary of science, and his ideas on spontaneous generation. Jan Baptist van Helmont was the youngest of five children of Maria
Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont
German physiologist (1810–1882)
started the process. This was strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation, the idea that living organisms could develop out of nonliving matter
Theodor_Schwann
Theoretical conditions under which life on the Earth might have begun
their kind, whilst others grow spontaneously and not from kindred stock; and of these instances of spontaneous generation some come from putrefying earth
Primordial_soup
Topics referred to by the same term
using a phrase in multiple senses Equivocal generation, in biology, the disproven theory of spontaneous generation from a host organism Equivocation (disambiguation)
Equivocal
French scientist
December 1872) was a French naturalist and a leading proponent of spontaneous generation of life from non-living materials, and as such an opponent of Louis
Félix_Archimède_Pouchet
German naturalist and artist (1647–1717)
established that insects have a life cycle and do not appear by spontaneous generation. Merian was a descendant of the Frankfurt branch of the Swiss Merian
Maria_Sibylla_Merian
English biologist and priest
tainted wheat, in containers. This was in order to experiment with spontaneous generation. Needham was curious on how this term was relevant. The experiments
John_Needham
Hypothesis on the interstellar spreading of primordial life
Tyndall experimentally disproved the (now superseded) theory of spontaneous generation, which suggested that life was constantly arising from non-living
Panspermia
Microscopic living organism
that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s, Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused
Microorganism
concluded that all animals, including mammals, develop from eggs, and spontaneous generation of any animal from mud or excrement was an impossibility. 1665 –
Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry
English scientist, surgeon and antiseptic pioneer (1827–1912)
des générations spontanées (1861) ("On the organised particles that exist in the atmosphere, examination of the doctrine of spontaneous generations").
Joseph_Lister
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
empirical reasons and promoted by force. Spontaneous generation – a principle regarding the spontaneous generation of complex life from inanimate matter
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
1658 work by Athanasius Kircher
attributed the plague to microscopic 'worms' which appeared due to spontaneous generation, and which infected various organisms through the food chain process
Scrutinium_Physico-Medicum
Polish embryologist and neurologist (1815–1865)
Louis Pasteur which had previously proved that there exists no spontaneous generation of life. Remak obtained his medical degree from Friedrich Wilhelm
Robert_Remak
Surface of revolution with a hole in the middle
Jongejan, Mahthild G. M.; Pijper, Dirk; Feringa, Ben L. (2010). "Spontaneous generation and patterning of chiral polymeric surface toroids". Chemical Science
Toroid
spontaneous generation in non-living matter. Pasteur's observations of tiny organisms under the microscope caused him to doubt spontaneous generation
History_of_experiments
Theory that living organisms are made up of cells
was multiplying in quantity. This led to Hooke suggesting that spontaneous generation, from either natural or artificial heat, was the cause. Since this
Cell_theory
French naturalist (1744–1829)
being created by spontaneous generation in what has been described as a "steady-state biology". Lamarck saw spontaneous generation as being ongoing,
Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck
Protective structure formed by bacteria
for the growth was a large blow to the previous suggestions of spontaneous generation. Astrophysicist Steinn Sigurdsson said "There are viable bacterial
Endospore
web page they define Mantarraya as; "... works as a platform for a new generation of filmmakers and has earned a reputation for promoting new talent". NDMantarraya
Mantarraya_Productions
Medical condition
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), also known as chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), is defined by the presence of wheals, angioedema, or both for more
Chronic_spontaneous_urticaria
19th-century scientific rivalry
discovered molecular chirality, investigated fermentation, refuted spontaneous generation, inspired Lister's introduction of antisepsis to surgery, introduced
Koch–Pasteur_rivalry
Permanent deformation of a material after removal of compressive stress
Jongejan, Mahthild G. M.; Pijper, Dirk; Feringa, Ben L. (2010). "Spontaneous generation and patterning of chiral polymeric surface toroids". Chemical Science
Compression_set
German chemist and microbiologist (1815–1873)
use of specially blown glass tubes. He examined questions such as spontaneous generation in his experiments. He was able to demonstrate that when air was
Franz_Ferdinand_Schulze
Mythical place in Incan mythology
emerged from one of the niches, called Maras T'uqu (Maras tocco) by spontaneous generation. The tribe of Tampus emerged from the sut'i t'uqu window. Manco
Paqariq_Tampu
British physician (1837–1915)
advocate of the doctrine of archebiosis. He believed he witnessed the spontaneous generation of living organisms out of non living matter under his microscope
Henry_Charlton_Bastian
Type of combustion caused by a self-perpetuating increase in internal temperatures
Spontaneous combustion or spontaneous ignition is a type of combustion which occurs by self-heating (increase in temperature due to exothermic internal
Spontaneous_combustion
Paradox relating to fate of universe
Boltzmann Brain can also be related to Kelvin's, as it focuses on the spontaneous generation of a brain (filled with false memories) from entropy fluctuations
Heat_death_paradox
Female reproductive cell
associated with William Harvey (1578–1657), was a rejection of spontaneous generation and preformationism as well as a bold assumption that mammals also
Egg_cell
Soviet biologist
Alexander Oparin. She rejected genetics and was an advocate of spontaneous generation of life from inanimate matter. Lepeshinskaya completed her study
Olga Lepeshinskaya (biologist)
Olga_Lepeshinskaya_(biologist)
Series of stages of an organism
of various organisms contributed to the disproof of the ideas of spontaneous generation in the 1840s and 1850s. A zygotic meiosis is a meiosis of a zygote
Biological_life_cycle
Literary movement
The members of the Beat Generation developed a reputation as new bohemian hedonists, who celebrated non-conformity and spontaneous creativity. The core group
Beat_Generation
Branch of science about the natural world and its life forms.
measuring atmospheric pressure using a barometer and disproving spontaneous generation. Scientific societies and scientific journals emerged and were spread
Natural_science
Immaterial being or supernatural agent
Earth. He believes in the genies of the four Elements. Earth, by spontaneous generation, produces pygmies guarding the treasures beneath the mountain; water
Spirit_(supernatural_entity)
Scientific study of life
cells come from the division of other cells, continuing to support spontaneous generation. However, Robert Remak and Rudolf Virchow were able to reify the
Biology
Process that occurs in water
were mainly aimed at anticipating conditions which would cause spontaneous generation of non-desirable flames in the flameless SCW oxidation process.
Supercritical_water_oxidation
France that had been banned by the church there. He believed in spontaneous generation of life from dead matter claiming that small single celled algae
Antonio_de_Martí_Franqués
Changes in evolutionary philosophies
common ancestor. The ancestor of each family had arisen through spontaneous generation; environmental effects then caused them to diverge into different
Evolutionary ideas of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Scientific_Revolution_and_Enlightenment
First generation of deities in Greek mythology
invoking the Muses (II.1–116), Hesiod says the world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (the Earth)
Greek_primordial_deities
Tribe of rodents of the family Cricetidae
that they had been brought over by the wind rather than created by spontaneous generation. Worm published dissections of a lemming, which showed that they
Lemming
Life that does not originate on Earth
to the canal hypothesis. As a consequence of the belief in the spontaneous generation there was little thought about the conditions of each celestial
Extraterrestrial_life
Prion disease of the human brain
AW, Faas H, Steele AD, King OD, Watson N, et al. (August 2009). "Spontaneous generation of prion infectivity in fatal familial insomnia knockin mice". Neuron
Fatal_insomnia
The origin of biological sciences
natural selection. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease, though the mechanism
History_of_biology
to where these contaminants came from and so he began to study spontaneous generation. At the time, it was believed organisms could self-generate within
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
Germ_theory's_key_19th_century_figures
Study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them
noted that parasites develop from eggs, contradicting the theory of spontaneous generation. Modern parasitology developed in the 19th century with accurate
Parasitology
1844 work by Robert Chambers
explains the origins of life by spontaneous generation, citing some questionable experiments that claimed to spontaneously generate insects through electricity
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
Vestiges_of_the_Natural_History_of_Creation
American biochemist (1912–1998)
PMID 13592311. Fox, Sidney W. (October 1957). "The Chemical Problem of Spontaneous Generation". Journal of Chemical Education. 34 (10): 472–479. Bibcode:1957JChEd
Sidney_W._Fox
Idiom
Le ver avorton de la terre The worm castling of the earth* (*see spontaneous generation) Se rebecque alors qu’on le serre, Resists when [op]pressed Poussé
Even_a_worm_will_turn
Practice of the ancient Mediterranean
the ancient Mediterranean region based on the belief that bees were spontaneously generated from a cow's carcass. By extension, it was thought that fumigation
Bugonia
Obsolete medical theory about the transmission of disease through bad air
specific microorganism with a specific disease, rejecting the idea of spontaneous generation and supporting the germ theory of disease. Germ theory of disease
Miasma_theory
Study of the relationship of microorganisms with their environment
their environment. For example, Pasteur disproved the theory of spontaneous generation, the belief of life arising from nonliving materials. Pasteur stated
Microbial_ecology
Plant defense mechanism against wood-decay pathogens
resulting defects are compartmentalized. In keeping with the theory of spontaneous generation, in which living things can develop from non-living things, scientists
Compartmentalization of decay in trees
Compartmentalization_of_decay_in_trees
Scientific study of animals
genetic relationships. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease, though the mechanism
Zoology
Poem by Hesiod
secure his eternal rule over the cosmos. The world began with the spontaneous generation of four beings: first arose Chaos (Chasm); then came Gaia (Earth)
Theogony
1859 book on evolution by Charles Darwin
capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life. The Protestant Reformation inspired a literal interpretation
On_the_Origin_of_Species
limited; he believed each of the original forms had arisen through spontaneous generation and that each was shaped by "internal moulds" that limited the amount
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
German socialist politician (1871–1919)
view, labor could not, as the result of some sort of economic 'spontaneous generation', create surplus value beyond its own intrinsic value. The value
Karl_Liebknecht
Sources of ancient myth
He was not first to record in Latin folk tales or myths about spontaneous generation or transformation of young barnacle geese from rotten wood via the
Barnacle_goose_myth
Infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria
in causing illness at a time when debates still took place over spontaneous generation versus cell theory. Koch went on to study the mechanisms of other
Anthrax
Medieval southern European Christian dualist movement
animal life, apart from fish, which they believed were produced by spontaneous generation. The Cathars could be seen as prefiguring Protestantism in that
Catharism
Dutch microbiologist (1632–1723)
procedures and was willing to oppose received opinion, such as spontaneous generation, and he changed his mind in the light of evidence. On his importance
Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek
Biblical flood myth
very strange". Browne, among the first to question the notion of spontaneous generation, was a medical doctor and amateur scientist making this observation
Genesis_flood_narrative
genetic relationships. The end of the 19th century saw the fall of spontaneous generation and the rise of the germ theory of disease, though the mechanism
History of zoology (1859–present)
History_of_zoology_(1859–present)
French microbiologist and chemist (1840-1904)
diseases, and also took part in experiments to debunk the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1870s, he undertook studies of phylloxera, an aphid-like
Émile_Duclaux
Intelligent design book by William A. Dembski and Winston Ewert
Throughout the book they use diverse examples such as detectability of spontaneous generation and occurrence of natural phenomena and cases of deceit like ballot
The_Design_Inference
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
The rate of generation of electron-hole pairs not due to incoming sunlight stays the same, so recombination minus spontaneous generation is I 0 [ exp
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Lazzaro Spallanzani Italian Proved that bacteria did not arise due to spontaneous generation by developing a sealed, sterile broth medium. 1749–1823 Edward Jenner
List_of_microbiologists
Type of interaction between species
noted that parasites develop from eggs, contradicting the theory of spontaneous generation. In his 1684 book Osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che
Parasitism
Study of animals without a backbone
his work in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation. Redi managed to prove that flies did not spontaneously arise from rotting meat. He conducted
Invertebrate_zoology
Helicity plays a central role in dynamo theory, the theory of spontaneous generation of magnetic fields in stars and planets (Moffatt 1978, Parker 1979
Topological_fluid_dynamics
American generation born from 1997 to 2012
they see their Generation Z peers is quite different from their own self-identity. They view their peers as competitive, spontaneous, adventuresome,
Generation Z in the United States
Generation_Z_in_the_United_States
Italian miller and heretic (1532–1599)
621–623. Zambelli, P. (1979). "UNO, DUE, TRE, MILLE MENOCCHIO'-SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (OR THE PERSONAL COSMOGONY OF A 16TH-CENTURY MILLER)". Archivio
Menocchio
Canadian historian of science
Pasteur is futile. J. Farley et G. Geison, "Science, Politics, and Spontaneous Generation in Nineteenth-Century France : The Pasteur-Pouchet Debate", Bulletin
John_Farley_(historian)
Program symphony by Hector Berlioz
which "broke upon the world like some unaccountable effort of spontaneous generation which had dispensed with the machinery of normal parentage". A later
Symphonie_fantastique
Medical condition
effective in preventing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Although there is no high-quality evidence, the third-generation cephalosporins are considered
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Spontaneous_bacterial_peritonitis
Swedish entomologist, industrialist and civil servant (1720–1778)
attention of the scientific community, and criticised the idea of spontaneous generation. De Geer was also a book collector. He used his library for his
Charles_De_Geer
American writer (1922–1969)
published. Kerouac is recognized for his style of stream of consciousness spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as religion and mysticism
Jack_Kerouac
Thales of Miletus. He was taught that the first life was formed by spontaneous generation in the mud. Later animals came into being by transmutations, left
Timeline_of_zoology
(1713–1781), English priest and naturalist who claimed to have observed spontaneous generation Joseph Needham (1900–1995), British biochemist, historian (of Chinese
List_of_biologists
Historical period from c. 1500 to c. 1800
it was unclear at the time how it worked. The ancient theory of spontaneous generation remained dominant throughout the early modern period, but the history
Early_modern_period
Species of fungus
degrees[clarification needed], a fact which played a role in discussions of spontaneous generation. In 2010, Chrysonilia sitophila, the asexual state of neurospora
Neurospora_sitophila
Italian botanist (1679–1737)
and from this observation he noted that fungi did not arise from spontaneous generation. He also formulated a systematic classification system with keys
Pier_Antonio_Micheli
Concept in quantum optics
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (also known as SPDC, parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering) is a nonlinear instant optical process that
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Spontaneous_parametric_down-conversion
form life. With this, Darwin's ideas are generally regarded as the spontaneous generation hypothesis.[citation needed] In 1924, Alexander Oparin suggested
Earliest_known_life_forms
Ability of some bacteria to alter their shape or size
"The Theory of Pleomorphic Provolution: Revisiting the Heresy of Spontaneous Generation" (PDF). Natural Philosophy Research Group. Andersen, Leif Percival;
Pleomorphism_(microbiology)
English physician (1578–1657)
first definite statement against the idea of spontaneous generation. He denied the possibility of generation from excrement and from mud, and pointed out
William_Harvey
Stone, bronze and iron ages of pre-history
dedicated in the first few lines. She brought forth humankind by spontaneous generation. Having been given birth as a species, humans must grow to maturity
Three-age_system
French microbiologist (1851–1908)
experiment carried out by Ch. Bastian, a proponent of the theory of spontaneous generation, and demonstrated that the London doctor's conclusions were erroneous
Charles_Chamberland
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