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Mechanical measurement
Stroke ratio, today often defined as bore/stroke ratio, is a term to describe the ratio between cylinder bore diameter and piston stroke length in a reciprocating
Stroke_ratio
Internal combustion engine type
Atkinson, its expansion ratio can differ from its compression ratio and, with a power stroke longer than its compression stroke, the engine can achieve
Four-stroke_engine
Combustion chamber capacity ratio
compression ratio: in a reciprocating engine, this is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to that volume
Compression_ratio
Phase of an engine piston's travel
movement of the piston in a locomotive cylinder. Stroke ratio "Our Technology – INNengine". "INNengine "one-stroke" waves away conventional engine design". New
Stroke_(engine)
Former Japanese automobile engines
(1,595 cc; 97.3 cu in) Compression ratio: 10.8:1 Bore x stroke: 81 mm × 77.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.05 in) Rod/Stroke ratio: 1.85:1 Rod Length: 142.42 mm (5.607 in)
Honda_B_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
bore x stroke: 81.0 mm × 86.4 mm (3.19 in × 3.40 in), stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 10.6:1
Volkswagen-Audi_V8_engine
three engine (R3/I3); bore × stroke: 76.5 mm × 86.9 mm (3.01 in × 3.42 in), stroke ratio: 0.88:1 – under-square/long-stroke, 399.4 cc per cylinder cylinder
List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines
List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines
bore x stroke: 76.5 mm × 86.4 mm (3.01 in × 3.40 in), stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 397.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 19.5:1
List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines
List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
and variable valve timing, with the V6 and V8 sharing the same bore/stroke ratio, with the V6 version displacing 2.7 L (2,720 cc) and the V8 version displacing
Ford_AJD-V6/PSA_DT17
EA189 engine family. EA288 diesel shares displacement, bore pitch, stroke and bore ratio with the EA189 and the new EA211 gasoline engines. It is a family
List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines
List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines
Internal combustion engine type
Two-stroke engines often have a higher power-to-weight ratio than a four-stroke engine, since their power stroke occurs twice as often. Two-stroke engines
Two-stroke_engine
Diameter of a piston engine cylinder
calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders: displacement = π (1/2 × bore)2 × stroke × ncylinders The stroke ratio, determined by dividing
Bore_(engine)
three engine (R3/I3); bore x stroke: 74.5 mm × 76.4 mm (2.93 in × 3.01 in), bore spacing: 82 mm (3.2 in), stroke ratio: 0.99:1 – 'square engine', 333
List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines
List_of_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines
Internal combustion engine designs
six-stroke engine is one of several alternative internal combustion engine designs that attempt to improve on traditional two-stroke and four-stroke engines
Six-stroke_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
bore x stroke: 84.0 mm × 90.2 mm (3.31 in × 3.55 in), stroke ratio: 0.93:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 499.9 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.7:1:
Volkswagen_Group_W-12_engine
Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
the likelihood of a stroke is decreased (– likelihood ratio of 0.39). While these findings are not perfect for diagnosing a stroke, the fact that they
Stroke
Engine family by Ford Motor Company
933 in (150.7 mm) center to center, giving the 4.6 L a 1.67:1 rod to stroke ratio. Cylinder bore spacing measures 3.937 in (100.0 mm), which is common
Ford_Modular_engine
Sliding pin joint in a slider-crank linkage, commonly used in engine pistons
move freely outside the cylinder. Because of the very small bore-to-stroke ratio on such engines, the connecting rod would hit the cylinder walls and
Crosshead
Japanese automobile engines
Red Line: 6400 rpm Fuel Cutoff: 6600 rpm Fuel System: Honda PGM-FI Rod/Stroke Ratio: ?:? Stock BHP Rating: 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) at 5600 rpm Stock torque
Honda_D_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
three engine (R3/I3); bore x stroke: 74.5 mm × 76.4 mm (2.93 in × 3.01 in), bore spacing: 82 mm (3.2 in), stroke ratio: 0.99:1 – 'square engine', 333
Volkswagen_EA211_engine
Condition caused by excessive exposure to high temperatures
differences that make them more susceptible to heat stroke including an increased surface area to mass ratio (leading to increased environmental heat absorption)
Heat_stroke
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
longer stroke, the compression ratio became excessively high with the 351-2V heads and flat top pistons. Ford engineers reduced the compression ratio by using
Ford_335_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
465 cc (211.4 cu in), bore x stroke: 77 mm × 62 mm (3.03 in × 2.44 in) (stroke ratio: 1.24:1 - 'oversquare/short-stroke engine'); 288.7 cc (17.6 cu in)
Lamborghini_V12
Family of petrol engines
bore x stroke: 82.5 mm × 92.8 mm (3.25 in × 3.65 in), stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.0-10
Volkswagen_EA827_engine
Heat engine using reciprocating pistons
is at the bottom of its stroke, and the volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke. The bore/stroke ratio is the ratio of the diameter of the piston
Reciprocating_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
995 cc (121.7 cu in); bore x stroke: 77.4 mm × 53 mm (3.05 in × 2.09 in) (stroke ratio: 1.46:1 - oversquare/short-stroke), 249.4 cc (15.2 cu in) per cylinder
Lamborghini_V8
Motor vehicle
altering stroke ratio using a range of crankshafts and rods, rather than having to machine four sets of blocks for a universal 80.25 mm stroke. In place
Mercedes-Benz_W124
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
DOHC 4 valves per cylinder. Bore and stroke are 69.0 mm × 66.7 mm (2.72 in × 2.63 in) with a compression ratio of 10.0:1 and electronic port injection
Toyota_SZ_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
bore x stroke: 82.5 by 92.8 millimetres (3.25 in × 3.65 in). Rod length is 154mm. (Rod/stroke ratio:1.65), 496.1 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 11.5:1
Lamborghini_V10
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
has a bore/stroke ratio of 79.7 mm × 80.1 mm (3.14 in × 3.15 in), attaining cylinder pressures of 180 bar (2,600 psi) and a compression ratio of 16.0:1
GM_Medium_Diesel_engine
Type of motor oil
volumetric fuel-to-oil ratio ranging from 16:1 to as low as 100:1. To avoid high emissions and oily deposits on spark plugs, modern two-strokes, particularly small
Two-stroke_oil
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
main advantage of 2-stroke engines of this type is mechanical simplicity and a higher power-to-weight ratio than their 4-stroke counterparts. Despite
Internal_combustion_engine
Inline-four engine
Displacement: 1.2 L; 76.0 cu in (1,246 cc) Bore x stroke: 73 mm × 74.4 mm (2.87 in × 2.93 in) Compression ratio: 10.8:1 Power: 78 PS (57 kW; 77 hp) at 5,700 rpm
Honda_L_engine
Russian 6x6 off-road truck
diesel engine, ohv, displacement 10,857 cc (bore/stroke ratio 120 mm (4.72 in)), compression ratio 16:1. Power 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp) at 2,600 rpm.
Ural-4320
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
below). Bore × Stroke: 85 mm × 88 mm (3.35 in × 3.46 in) Displacement: 2.0 L (1,997 cc) Cylinder configuration: Inline-4 Compression ratio : 9.6:1 Valvetrain:
Honda_F_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
Displacement: 1,493 cc (1.5 L; 91.1 cu in) Bore: 85 mm (3.35 in) Stroke: 65.8 mm (2.59 in) Compression Ratio: 9.4:1 – 10.0 Valvetrain: SOHC, 16 valves Fuel Delivery
Subaru_EJ_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
× 3.55 in) bore x stroke, resulting in 464.8 cc (28.4 cu in) per cylinder with a 0.90:1 stroke ratio creating an undersquare/long stroke engine. The top
VR5_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
and cold emissions. Rod length: 153 mm (approximately 6.024 in) Rod/stroke ratio: approximately 1.8214:1 Power: JDM 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 8,300 rpm
Honda_F20C_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
It has a very high rod/stroke ratio of 2:1, bore and a stroke of 86 mm × 77 mm (3.39 in × 3.03 in). With a compression ratio of 8.6:1, power output is
Mazda_F_engine
Type of motorcycle
replaced the air-cooled variants of the TD1 and TD2 series. The bore-stroke ratio of 54 × 54 mm was adopted from the TD 3, which appeared in 1972. With
Yamaha_TZ250
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
995 cc) V6, with a 76 mm × 73.3 mm (2.99 in × 2.89 in) bore and stroke and compression ratio ranging from 9.5 to 10.0:1. In base form it produces 150 PS (110 kW;
Nissan_VQ_engine
Dual-purpose motorcycle
named the LS410 indicating its long-stroke ratio, is a unit-construction 411 cc single-cylinder, oil-cooled 4-stroke SOHC engine. The motor generates a
Royal_Enfield_Himalayan
Austrian motorcycle and sports car manufacturer ( owned by Pierier mobility AG )
two-stroke models and 250, 350 and 450 cc four-stroke models. The two-stroke XC machines except the 150 cc model are available with either wide-ratio or
KTM
Average speed of the piston in a reciprocating engine
Energy.gov. 2013-11-22. Retrieved 2026-09-11. "What is the bore and stroke ratio of Formula 1 turbo engines?". metropolitan.fi. Retrieved 2026-09-11.
Mean_piston_speed
Italian sports car produced by Ferrari from 1995–1997
Weight/power ratio: 2.69 kg/PS Bore X stroke: 85 mm × 69 mm (3.35 in × 2.72 in) Bore:stroke ratio: 1.23:1 (oversquare) Compression ratio: 11.3:1 Redline:
Ferrari_F50
Torus-shaped vortex in a fluid
For short stroke ratios, only one isolated vortex ring is generated and no fluid is left behind in the formation process. For long stroke ratios, however
Vortex_ring
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
587 cc) straight-four. Bore is 81 mm (3.2 in) and stroke is 77 mm (3.0 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. It is naturally aspirated with a power
Volvo_Modular_Engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
initially by Kugelfisher. It has an extremely short stroke, at 42.8 mm (1.69 in), giving it a stroke ratio of 2.01. In 1985, the EF4B introduced electronic
Renault_EF-Type_engine
Device that uses compressed air to fire projectiles
Depending on the design, pump guns can be either single-stroke or multi-stroke. In single-stroke pneumatic air guns (also known as "single pump") a single
Air_gun
details revealed; All-new engine features massively oversquare bore/stroke ratio, titanium valves, vee rotated backward, gear/chain hybrid cam drive"
Compression_release
Series of V8 engines built by Chrysler
hemisphere, a flat-topped piston would yield a low compression ratio unless a very long stroke is used. The piston crown is domed to protrude into the head
Chrysler_Hemi_engine
Type of motorcycle
was carried over from the CZ 250 motocross, which had an over-square stroke ratio. Carburetors were either Jikov (tickler choke) or Pacco, wherein the
Yezdi_Roadking
Family of internal combustion engines
81 mm (3.19 in), but the stroke remained the same as the 3A at 77 mm (3.03 in), giving it an over-square bore/stroke ratio which favours high engine
Toyota_A_engine
Engine configuration
bore x stroke: 84.0 mm × 90.2 mm (3.31 in × 3.55 in), stroke ratio: 0.93:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 499.9 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.8:1
W8_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
from 1952 to 1960, when it was replaced by the V6. It has a square bore/stroke ratio of 4 by 4 inches (101.6 mm × 101.6 mm). This is the largest raised-deck
GMC_straight-6_engine
Ways of using canoe paddles
along with using less muscle you gain longer strokes which results in an increase of the power to stroke ratio. This is generally used more with the 'stay
Canoe_paddle_strokes
Exhaust-powered forced-induction device for engines
superchargers. Use of superchargers began in 1878, when several supercharged two-stroke gas engines were built using a design by Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk
Turbocharger
Mass ratio of air to a fuel
Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a
Air–fuel_ratio
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
The Mercedes-Benz M112 engine is a gasoline-fueled, 4-stroke, spark-ignition, internal-combustion automobile piston V6 engine family used in the 2000s
Mercedes-Benz_M112_engine
1930s German piston aircraft engine
Daimler-Benz engine design featuring a perfectly square stroke ratio of 135 mm x 135 mm. The short stroke ratio enabled the relatively high engine speed of 3,200
Daimler-Benz_DB_604
Type of engine created by Toyota
type : In-Line 4-cylinder DOHC 16-valve Bore x Stroke : 80.5 mm × 78.5 mm (3.17 in × 3.09 in) Compression Ratio : 10.2:1 Applications Toyota Auris (ZRE151)
Toyota_ZR_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
303-cubic-inch (5.0 L) engine had hydraulic lifters, an oversquare bore:stroke ratio, a counterweighted forged crankshaft, aluminum pistons, floating wristpins
Oldsmobile_V8_engine
Measure of engine efficiency
engineering is defined as the ratio of the equivalent volume of the fresh air drawn into the cylinder during the intake stroke (if the gases were at the reference
Volumetric_efficiency
Sport motorcycle
weight of 199 kg (439 lb). Engine changes include a decreased bore-to-stroke ratio, a larger airbox, a finger-follower valve system, and fracture split
Yamaha_YZF-R1
1960s rear-engine small city car
designed pistons and camshaft fitted. It had an equal square bore and stroke ratio of 76 mm × 76 mm (2.99 in × 2.99 in) for a total displacement of 689
Fiat_500
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
(104.4 mm × 106.2 mm) bore and stroke creating a displacement of 444 cu in (7.3 L). It has a 17.5:1 compression ratio, and a dry weight of approximately
Ford_Power_Stroke_engine
Series of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines
turbocharged engine introduced in 2022 featured an adjustment to its bore and stroke ratio, changing it from the previous 87.5mm * 83.1mm to 84mm * 90mm. Additionally
Ford_EcoBoost_engine
Conceptual engine
compression ratio. The prototype has demonstrated an approximately 10% decrease in fuel consumption over a standard gas engine. The operation of a 5-stroke SI
Five-stroke_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
998 cc) version of the TR engine. Bore and stroke are 86 mm × 86 mm (3.39 in × 3.39 in), and the compression ratio is 9.8:1. Its power is 133–136 PS (98–100 kW;
Toyota_TR_engine
Italian motorcycle
The new Superquadro engine is exceptionally oversquare, with a bore:stroke ratio of 1.84:1. Whereas previous Ducatis had belt-driven overhead cams, this
Ducati_1199
Prognostic marker
neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) reflects systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the process of treating ischemic strokes. In medicine neutrophil
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio
Neutrophil_to_lymphocyte_ratio
Motor vehicle model, 1991–1995
length as the D16's (137mm) and had a better rod to stroke ratio (1.63) than the normal D15's ratio of 1.59. Despite this, the crank and bearing sizes
Honda Civic (fifth generation)
Honda_Civic_(fifth_generation)
Straight-4 cylinder engine from 1993
9 cu in) 16-valve engine with bore and stroke of 89.9 mm × 78.7 mm (3.539 in × 3.098 in) and compression ratio of 9.6:1. It produces 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp)
Mercedes-Benz_M111_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
6 L (1,597 cc) Bore x Stroke — 73 mm × 63.6 mm (2.87 in × 2.50 in) Engine type — V type 6-cylinder DOHC 24-valve Compression ratio — 10.0:1 Fuel system
Mitsubishi_6A1_engine
Minor form of stroke
as mini-stroke, is a temporary, or transient, stroke with noticeable symptoms that end within 24 hours. A TIA causes the same symptoms of stroke, such as
Transient_ischemic_attack
Suzuki automobile engine
in total). Cylinder bore and piston stroke are 84.0 and 83.0 mm (3.31 and 3.27 in), respectively. Compression ratio rating is 9.8:1. The first of the J
Suzuki_J_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
for reliability and longevity. The engine's relatively low compression ratio and general strong design made it tolerant of poor quality fuel and oil
Land_Rover_engines
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
× 74.8 mm (3.50 in × 2.94 in) bore and stroke, sequential multi-port fuel injection and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. The LP1 was built in St. Catharines
GM_High_Feature_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
It was replaced by the new 3- and 4-cylinder K-series engines. Bore/stroke ratio : 0.95 Unitary capacity : 265.25 cc (16.19 cu in) /cylinder bmep :
Suzuki_F_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
also has a B5 variant, but with a different bore/stroke ratio from all others (75.5 mm bore, 83.4 mm stroke, 1493 cc total). This motor produced 100 PS (74 kW)
Mazda_B_engine
Type of motorcycle
in displacement volume is through longer stroke; Bore diameter remains the same as the 175. New gear ratios in six-speed transmission, one more clutch
Kawasaki_KDX200
Piston engine starting system
Air-cooled Aircraft engine starting Bore Compression ratio Dead centre Engine displacement Four-stroke engine Horsepower Ignition timing Manifold pressure
Coffman_engine_starter
Oscillating lever in engine
rocker ratio is the distance travelled by the valve divided by the distance travelled by the pushrod effective. The ratio is determined by the ratio of the
Rocker_arm
Type of internal combustion engine
engine was an attempt by Russell Bourke in the 1920s to improve the two-stroke internal combustion engine. Despite finishing his design and building several
Bourke_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
which had a 79 mm × 66 mm (3.11 in × 2.60 in) bore and stroke. It was produced in two compression ratio versions: TL13L – the low compression (LC) variant
Ford_Pinto_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
2 in) and a stroke of 71 mm (2.8 in). Lower power models have a compression ratio of 8.0:1, while higher power models have a compressions ratio of 8.8:1
BMW_M10
Thermodynamic cycle
power stroke and speed and output were controlled solely by the quantity of fuel injected. In 1890, Brayton developed and patented a four-stroke, air-blast
Brayton_cycle
Type of motorcycle
whereas the RC45 was changed to a more over-square stroke ratio of 72 mm bore and 46 mm stroke. This allowed higher maximum engine revolutions than
Honda_RVF750_RC45
German aircraft engine
The L550E is an air-cooled horizontally-opposed 550cc four-cylinder two-stroke petrol engine developing 37 kW (50 hp) at 7500 rpm which can drive a propeller
Limbach_L550E
Type of motorcycle
Class Sport Engine 553 cc 4-cylinder 4-stroke Bore / stroke 58 mm × 52.4 mm (2.28 in × 2.06 in) Compression ratio 10.1 Top speed 119mph (period test) Power
Kawasaki_Z500/Z550
1957 racing motorcycle
cc air cooled two-stroke mounted in a double-cradle frame. Two different versions were produced, the YD-A and YD-B with stroke ratio specifications of
Yamaha_YD1
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
valves Displacement: 1.8 L (1,812 cc) Bore × stroke: 86 mm × 78 mm (3.39 in × 3.07 in) Compression ratio: 8.8:1 Reference output (2Y): 79 PS (58 kW) at
Toyota_Y_engine
Toyota 4-cylinder engine introduced in 2008
same bore and stroke, but the cams and pistons are unique. Only the intake valves are variable with VVT-i. Geometrical compression ratio is 12.5:1.[citation
Toyota_AR_engine
Part of an engine's ignition system
electrical transformer. The ratio of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary winding, is called the turns ratio. Voltage across the
Ignition_magneto
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
(155 lb⋅ft) at 3,500 rpm. Bore is 80 mm (3.1 in), stroke is 72 mm (2.8 in) and the compression ratio is 10.8:1. Applications 2000–2006 E46 320i, 320Ci
BMW_M54
Combustion engine using pistons facing to the sides on a common crankshaft
003. Designed by Norbert Riedel, these engines have a very oversquare stroke ratio of 2:1 so that they could fit within the intake diverter, directly forward
Flat_engine
V6 engine manufactured by Hyundai
released with the Azera/Grandeur 5th generation. Compression ratio is 11.0:1 with a bore and stroke of 92 mm × 75.2 mm (3.62 in × 2.96 in). and produces 266–270 PS
Hyundai_Lambda_engine
Type of motorcycle
Air-oil cooled Single cylinder, 4-stroke, ECU Controlled Bore / stroke 72 mm × 85.8 mm (2.83 in × 3.38 in) Compression ratio 9.5:1 Top speed 120 km/h Power
Royal_Enfield_Hunter_350
Displacement: 1,197 cc (1.2 L) Bore and stroke: 74 mm x 92.8 mm Valvetrain: DOHC, 12-valve, Dual VVT Compression ratio: 13.0–13.9 Maximum power: 80–83 PS (59–61 kW;
List_of_Suzuki_engines
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
China, is a 2.4 L (2,438 cc) version. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 86 mm (3.74 in × 3.39 in). Compression ratio is 9.5:1. Output is 142 hp (106 kW; 144 PS)
Toyota_RZ_engine
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STROKE RATIO
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