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Structural Soil is a medium that can be compacted to pavement design and installation requirements while permitting root growth. It is a mixture of gap-graded
Structural_Soil
Earth, a natural material
plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists
Soil
Environment-Soil Structure Interaction
Conventional structural design methods neglect the SSI effects. Neglecting SSI is reasonable for light structures in relatively stiff soil such as low
Soil-structure_interaction
Process by which soils decrease in volume
Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. This happens because soil
Soil_consolidation
Engineering discipline focused on physical infrastructure
of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Institute of Engineering (Nepal) International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Civil_engineering
Mechanical loads (forces) applied to a structure or its components
A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. A load causes stress, deformation
Structural_load
Soil material that is ordinarily a solid behaving like a thick liquid
Soil liquefaction occurs when a cohesionless saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied
Soil_liquefaction
Soil layer whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
the mineral soil surface or buried; contains organic matter that has at least partly been modified in-situ; soil structure and/or structural elements created
Soil_horizon
Pollution of land by human-made chemicals or other alteration which can cause death
Soil contamination, soil pollution, or land pollution as a part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other
Soil_contamination
Scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems
with the engineering behavior of earth materials. It uses the principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to solve its engineering problems. It also relies
Geotechnical_engineering
Sociological theory of society
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together
Structural_functionalism
Natural processes removing soil and rock
the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then
Erosion
lead to a variety of soil and water quality problems, including: large soil losses by gully erosion and tunnel erosion Soil structural degradation, clogging
Dispersion_(geology)
Arrangement of a soil's particles and pore spaces
have helped to restore some degree of fertility to these soils. In blocky structure, the structural units are blocklike or polyhedral. They are bounded by
Soil_structure
Hydrological property of soil
sandy soils can be increased by the presence of sepiolite clay Soil water can affect the structural integrity or coherence of a soil; saturated soils can
Soil_water_(retention)
Aggregates of soil particles formed naturally
greater than 1 mm in size) structural units when soils are observed in the field. Soil peds should be described when the soil is dry or slightly moist,
Ped
Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils
Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils. It differs from fluid mechanics and solid mechanics
Soil_mechanics
Clay soil prone to swelling and shrinking
designed to work under structural concrete slabs, piers, and beams. Chemical stabilizers are specialized compounds that modify soil properties to create
Expansive_clay
Methods for changing soil for engineering purposes
Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, or combined method of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering
Soil_stabilization
Management and study of trees and other woody plants
soil preparation may include the use of: Silva cells: suspended pavement over modular cells containing soil for root development Structural soils: growing
Arboriculture
Process of soil formation
Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical
Soil_formation
Process in geotechnical engineering to increase soil density
be compacted in the field. Soil compaction is a vital part of the construction process. It is used for support of structural entities such as building
Soil_compaction
analysis Lysmer, J. (1970). Limit analysis of plane problems in soil mechanics. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ASCE 96(4), 1311–1334
Finite_element_limit_analysis
Type of foundation
A pile or piling is a vertical structural element of a deep foundation, driven or drilled deep into the ground at the building site. A deep foundation
Piling
Irrigation water quality parameter
Chemistry of Soils. 2nd ed. New York. Oxford University Press. Rengasamy, Pichu; Marchuk, Alla (2011). "Cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS)"
Sodium_adsorption_ratio
Hard landscape materials in the built environment structures
materials that safely move water away from the property can ensure that soil movement is never a problem and that the yard stays a drier, enjoyable living
Hardscape
Volcanic field in United States and Mexico
atom. These isotopes are produced within earth materials such as rocks or soil, in Earth's atmosphere, and in extraterrestrial items such as meteorites
Potrillo_volcanic_field
Type of building foundation
the members that they support. Structural loads from a column or wall are usually greater than 1,000 kPa, while the soil's bearing capacity is commonly
Shallow_foundation
Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
to build structural components or respire them to release energy. When plant respiration occurs below-ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration
Soil_respiration
Study of living things in soil
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil. Soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a collective term that
Soil_biology
Study of chemical characteristics of soil
formation of aggregates. The classification of soil structural forms is based largely on shape. Soil particle shapes Spheroidal structure: sphere-like
Soil_chemistry
Solid carbon stored in global soils
Soil carbon is the solid carbon stored in global soils. This includes both soil organic matter, derived from plant, animal, and microbial tissues, and
Soil_carbon
Lightweight black residue, made of carbon and ashes, after pyrolysis of biomass
used in soils to increase soil aeration, reduce soil emissions of greenhouse gases, improve soil fertility, reduce nutrient leaching, reduce soil acidity
Biochar
American academic
improve establishment and health of plants, including development of ‘CU-Structural Soil,’ for which she holds a patent with her colleague Jason Grabosky. As
Nina_Bassuk
Naturally occurring materials found on Earth
to have soils tested for construction material use. Some soils, such as highly expansive or bentonite soils, are not suitable for structural use. Testing
Earth_materials
Pest control technique
the pests within. It is used to control pests in buildings (structural fumigation), soil, grain, and produce. Fumigation is also used during the processing
Fumigation
Invertebrates and vertebrates living in soil
Soil harbours a huge number of animal species (30% of arthropods live in soil), whether over their entire life or at least during larval stages. Soil
Soil_animals
Presence of unwanted moisture in the structure of a building
Structural dampness is the presence of unwanted moisture in the structure of a building, either the result of intrusion from outside or condensation from
Damp_(structural)
Artificial wall used for supporting soil between two different elevations
supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope
Retaining_wall
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Some proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle, and the cytoskeleton's
Protein
UK-based environmental, engineering and technical services group
than 40 countries. Following a number of early acquisitions including Structural Soils (2007), Dynamic Sampling and JB Site Investigations (both 2016), RSK
RSK_Group
American engineer
– August 24, 2022) was an American research engineer in the field of structural analysis and wave propagation in solids. Dr. Matthews made significant
Alva_T._Matthews
Sequence of soils on a slope
structural component, the recurring pattern of certain soils in a landscape transect in which every chain element has its place in the chain, a soil has
Catena_(soil)
Lowest and supporting layer of a structure
which the foundation is supporting. Expansive clay soils can also cause problems. Underpinning Structural settlement Interference of the footings Foundation
Foundation_(engineering)
Roads built with water-pervious materials
space they need to grow to full size. A "structural-soil" pavement base combines structural aggregate with soil; a porous surface admits vital air and water
Permeable_paving
Sinking of a building foundation
by changes in the underlying soil, such as drying and shrinking, wetting and softening, or compression due to the soil being poorly compacted when construction
Settlement_(structural)
Structure to channel water past an obstacle
seepage and soil migration. Grouting also serves as a means in establishing a structural connection between the liner, host pipe and soil. Depending on
Culvert
Property of soil
Soil aggregate stability is a measure of the ability of soil aggregates—soil particles that bind together—to resist breaking apart when exposed to external
Soil_aggregate_stability
slab configurations via discontinuity layout optimization. Journal of Structural Engineering, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001700 He, L. and Gilbert
Discontinuity layout optimization
Discontinuity_layout_optimization
Wooded mound in East Ayrshire, Scotland
mound and any ditch or moat once present may have been removed by natural soil movements and by activity related to the creation of landscape features by
Castle_Hill,_Caprington
Geotechnical characteristics of a soil related to its water content
The amount of expansion is related to the ability of the soil to take in water and its structural make-up (the type of minerals present: clay, silt, or sand)
Atterberg_limits
Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relative to biodiversity. Soil
Soil_biodiversity
This glossary of structural engineering terms pertains specifically to structural engineering and its sub-disciplines. Please see Glossary of engineering
Glossary of structural engineering
Glossary_of_structural_engineering
Natural materials that are not as commonly used as building materials
very abundant material that can be used in place of concrete and brick. Soil is packed tightly into wall molds where it is rammed together and hardened
Alternative_natural_materials
Period of rapid plant and fungal diversification, 428–359 million years ago
rocks, creating a layer of water-holding and mineral/organic matter-rich soil on top of Earth's crust known as the pedosphere, and significantly altering
Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution
Silurian-Devonian_Terrestrial_Revolution
Forest in Wisconsin
[citation needed] The forest obtained its distinct beech-maple forest from soil deposits made by glacial movement 11,000 years ago. Several species of wildflowers
Seminary_Woods_St._Francis
Region of soil or substrate comprising the root microbiome
region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome. Soil pores in
Rhizosphere
Class of enzymes
of the gene coding for azoreductase from Bacillus sp. OY1-2 isolated from soil". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 9059–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008083200. PMID 11134015
Azobenzene_reductase
colour and resistivity. Soil texture is determined by the relative proportion of the three kinds of soil mineral particles, called soil separates: sand, silt
Physical_properties_of_soil
Canadian waste management company
contaminated soil into an engineered soil product that is used in a wide range of applications, including capping material, road base, structural fill, and
GFL_Environmental
Class of enzymes
to use 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid, an abundant source of phosphorus in soils, which is transformed by 2-aminoethylphosphonate—pyruvate transaminase into
Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase
Phosphonoacetaldehyde_hydrolase
Earthbag construction material and method
risk levels based on building soil strength and plan standards for adequate bracing. There is a recognized need for structural understanding of alternative
Contained_earth
Soil constructed with artificial reinforcing
Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, bridge abutments
Mechanically_stabilized_earth
Class of enzymes
problem in the livestock industry. A fluoroacetate dehalogenase gene from the soil bacterium Moraxella species strain B was transferred into the rumen bacterium
Haloacetate_dehalogenase
Species of termite
termite is the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). This termite favours a soil moisture content of 20 to 30%, and a timber moisture content of 80 to 100%
Heterotermes_indicola
Skyscraper in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
derived from those of Erbil's Citadel which is unique to the structure. The structural engineers of the building are Dr. Bahman O. Taha and MSc. Kovan Azeez
E1_Tower
underground water pipe may have contributed to soil erosion beneath the road surface, weakening the structural stability around the tunnel zone. On the morning
2025_Bangkok_road_collapse
Process to level concrete by levelling its underlying foundation
liquid resin reacts and becomes a structural foam. The material injected below a slab to be lifted will first find weak soils, expanding into them in such
Concrete_leveling
Confinement system used in construction and geotechnical engineering
construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and
Cellular_confinement
Mounded gardening technique
advocates claim that the technique helps to improve soil fertility, water retention, and soil warming, thus benefitting plants grown on or near such
Hügelkultur
Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat
most grains, secondary phases, grain boundaries, pores, micro-cracks, structural defects, and hardness micro indentions. Most bulk mechanical, optical
Ceramic
Magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain
is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction
Shear_strength_(soil)
Soil based seismic demand system
the mechanical and dynamic properties of the soil-foundation system. In contrast to conventional structural seismic isolation, which typically relies on
Geotechnical seismic isolation
Geotechnical_seismic_isolation
Ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome
prairie gives way to mixed grass prairie and ultimately the richer and wetter soils of the tallgrass prairie. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or
Prairie
Lighthouse in North Carolina, US
members. Each of the four 42 in (1.1 m) legs are buried 226' deep into the soil below and were filled with cement. The 80-foot (24 m) main level, and the
Frying_Pan_Shoals_Light
Bridge in Jiaxing / Cixi City China
easiest to follow which is further explained in the qualification as structural art section. The loads on the bridge due to the extreme tides are somewhat
Hangzhou_Bay_Bridge
Element of Japanese language
—" 被覆型及び充填被覆型鋼管コンクリート柱・鉄骨梁接合部パネルの弾塑性性状に関する研究 —荷重—変形関係モデル—. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering 日本建築学会構造系論文集 (in Japanese). 77 (678). Architectural
Japanese conjugation (ren'yōkei base)
Japanese_conjugation_(ren'yōkei_base)
Class of enzymes
Beta-diketone hydrolase (EC 3.7.1.7) is an enzyme characterised from soil bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nonane-4,6-dione to 2-pentanone and
Beta-diketone_hydrolase
Flow of excess rainwater not infiltrating in the ground over its surface
infiltrate into the soil. This can occur when the soil is saturated by water to its full capacity, and the rain arrives more quickly than the soil can absorb it
Surface_runoff
English translation of soil types defined in "référentiel pedologique français" can be done this way. it is relevant for European soils: Alocrisol humic Alocrisol
Référentiel_pédologique
By-products of coal combustion
fly ash. Geotechnical engineering applications include soil stabilization, road base, structural fill, embankments and mine reclamation. Fly ash also serves
Coal_combustion_products
Proposed stadium in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
tetrafluoroethylene) as the primary cladding material. It is supported by a hybrid structural system of steel and Tasmanian-sourced laminated timber (glulam), intended
Macquarie_Point_Stadium
Watchtower in Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
include the following: No entrance The interior of the tower is filled with soil, possibly to prevent intrusions. Access to the top may have been facilitated
Murqib_Al-Hussain
Class of enzymes
"Microbes as a potential bioremediation tool for atrazine-contaminated soil: A review". Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology. doi:10.7324/JABB
N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase
N-isopropylammelide_isopropylaminohydrolase
fluorometabolite biosynthesis pathway. The fluorinase was originally isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, but homologues have since been identified
Fluorinase
Prevention of water infiltration in basements
where ground water is likely to build up in the soil or where there is a high water table. Water in the soil causes hydrostatic pressure to be exerted underneath
Basement_waterproofing
Wood that has been processed into beams and planks
1+1⁄2 in or 38 by 38 mm) of the same length is considered re-sawing. Structural lumber may also be produced from recycled plastic and new plastic stock
Lumber
Solid phase of soils
The soil matrix is the solid phase of soils, and comprise the solid particles that make up soils. Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition
Soil_matrix
Any polyatomic anion containing silicon and oxygen
alginite oil shale Phosphate phosphorite Pyrena Related Mineral evolution In soil mineralization immobilization Ballast minerals Magnetofossil Magnetosome
Silicate
Type of soil layer
A fragipan is a diagnostic horizon in USDA soil taxonomy. They are altered subsurface soil layers that restrict water flow and root penetration. Fragipans
Fragipan
Indian usage of the East Syriac Rite
name of the Holy Trinity and the drawing of the cross. Some ritual and structural changes were also introduced through the Rozian liturgy to further align
Syro-Malabaric_Rite
Bridge in Crozon
that of the Térénez Bridge a cable-stayed design is optimal from both structural and economic perspectives. Since the cables of the Térénez Bridge will
Térénez_bridge
Transylvania, Hungary, L) Jürgen Habermas (born 1929, Germany, S/Ph); The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere Maria Hack (1777–1844, England, Ed/R)
List_of_non-fiction_writers
mode of entry for roots. Roads, sidewalks and foundations can all suffer structural issues from tree roots. Several methods of control have been attempted
Root_invasion
researched microbe that takes part in adventurous motility. Commonly found in the soil, M. xanthus is capable of moving across solid surfaces without the use of
Adventurous_motility
List of subspecies of the common pheasant
they are less pointed and more shallowly emarginated, forming a clear structural progression between the forms. The upper wing-coverts are frequently darker
Subspecies of Phasianus colchicus
Subspecies_of_Phasianus_colchicus
FBI surveillance compliance failures
a plot by Iranian operatives to assassinate a U.S. official on American soil. Attorney General Merrick Garland and national security adviser Jake Sullivan
FBI Section 702 query violations
FBI_Section_702_query_violations
Long, narrow, elevated landform
A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep
Ridge
pollution, whose impact differs depending on factors like exposure and structural variation, alongside anthropogenic fragmentation. For example, urbanized
Synurbization
Variety of sedimentary rock in the eastern Sahara
resting on the Precambrian basement. This is complicated by various structural faults and fold axes traversing the region in a north-eastern direction
Nubian_Sandstone
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