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Type of fair division problem
main solutions: Equal sharing: each agent i gets ui+s/n, that is, each agent gets an equal share of the surplus. Proportional sharing: each agent i gets
Surplus_sharing
Concept in economics
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either
Economic_surplus
Equity reserve (share premium) above par value
Capital surplus, also called share premium, is an account which may appear on a corporation's balance sheet, as a component of shareholders' equity, which
Capital_surplus
Problem in process of sharing surplus
the players to negotiate which division of payoffs to choose. Such surplus-sharing problems (also called bargaining problem) are faced by management and
Cooperative_bargaining
Economic concept regarding the net gain from marriage
income). The surplus, however, is specifically the enhanced value created by the partnership itself, such as the utility gained from sharing the other's
Marital_surplus
Economic theory
Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs
Surplus_economics
Insurance purchased by an insurance company
"quota share" or "surplus reinsurance" (also known as surplus of line or variable quota share treaty) or a combination of the two. Under a quota share arrangement
Reinsurance
Autonomous association of persons or organizations
between workers and owners that are expressed today as "profit sharing" and "surplus sharing" arrangements existed as far back as 1795. The key ideological
Cooperative
Concept in economics
In Marxian economics, surplus value is the difference between the amount raised through a sale of a product and the amount it cost to manufacture it:
Surplus_value
Canadian public broadcaster
"Annual Reports". "New deal reached on pension surplus and health benefits at CBC". June 11, 2008. "Surplus Sharing Details Announced - June 28, 2024 · CBC Pensioners
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation
Three-volume work by Karl Marx, 1867–1894
the exploitation of labour, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value and profit. Beginning with an analysis of the commodity, Marx argues
Das_Kapital
Book by Clay Shirky
Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into Collaborators is a 2010 non-fiction book by Clay Shirky, originally published in with the subtitle
Cognitive_Surplus
chain surplus is the value addition by supply chain function of an organisation. It is calculated by the following formula: Supply chain surplus = Revenue
Supply_chain_surplus
Design concept in economics
application of cost-sharing. Shapley value - a possible rule for cost-sharing. Public good Facility location (cooperative game) Surplus sharing Moulin, Herve;
Cost-sharing_mechanism
Food sharing app
With Olio To Offer Families Free Surplus Food". Grocery Gazette. 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022. "Food-sharing app Olio appoints Yien Li Yap to lead
Olio_(app)
Problem in mathematical sociology
Youngsub (1989-06-01). "A noncooperative justification for egalitarian surplus sharing". Mathematical Social Sciences. 17 (3): 245–261. doi:10.1016/0165-4896(89)90055-3
Strategic_bankruptcy_problem
Economic concept
Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. It means labour performed in excess of the labour
Surplus_labour
CEQ is the sum of: Common/ordinary stock (capital) (CSTK) Capital surplus/share premium reserve (CAPS) Retained earnings (RE) less: Treasury stock total
Common_ordinary_equity
Fair division protocol
The surplus procedure (SP) is a fair division protocol for cutting cake in a way that achieves proportional equitability between 2 people. The surplus procedure
Surplus_procedure
Accumulated net income of the corporation that is retained by the corporation
share capital in the statement of changes in equity. Due to the nature of double-entry accrual accounting, retained earnings do not represent surplus
Retained_earnings
Charity aimed at relieving food poverty and reducing food waste in the United Kingdom
FareShare works to support front-line charitable organisations with the provisions they need using surplus, fit-for-consumption food. FareShare specifically
FareShare
Work distributed across Internet to substitute computers
encompassing tools that enable idea sharing, non-hierarchical decision making and utilization of "cognitive surplus" - the ability of the world's population
Crowd_computing
Portion of a company's equity
shares are said to be sold at a premium (variously called capital surplus or share premium, additional paid-in capital or paid-in capital in excess of
Share_capital
Convicted member of the Manson Family (born 1942)
Lovett, and Larry Bailey, drove a van to a Hawthorne, California Western Surplus Store. Inside they brandished guns and ordered store patrons and clerks
Catherine_Share
Economic concept theorised by Karl Marx
Surplus product (German: Mehrprodukt) is a concept theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy. Roughly speaking, it is the extra goods
Surplus_product
Difference between revenue and spending in London
London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom, has a fiscal surplus since the tax collected is above the amount spent on local services. Of all
London_fiscal_balance
1949 book by Georges Bataille
superabundance of energy, beginning from the outpouring of solar energy or the surpluses produced by life's basic chemical reactions, as the norm for organisms
The_Accursed_Share
Valuing firms by changes in book value excluding shareholder transactions
CAPM. The "clean surplus" is calculated by not including transactions with shareholders (such as dividends, share repurchases or share offerings) when
Clean_surplus_accounting
Economic policy emphasizing exports
to reduce a possible current account deficit or reach a current account surplus, and it includes measures aimed at accumulating monetary reserves by a
Mercantilism
German economics magazine
Surplus Magazin is a German economics and business magazine, first published in February 2025. It is based in Berlin and was founded as independent media
Surplus_Magazin
and "downstream" (distribution and marketing). Petroleum and natural gas share a common upstream (exploration and production) sector, but the midstream
Natural gas in the United States
Natural_gas_in_the_United_States
Literary work by Karl Marx
Theories of Surplus Value (German: Theorien über den Mehrwert) is a draft manuscript written by Karl Marx between January 1862 and July 1863. It is mainly
Theories_of_Surplus_Value
2014 South Korean television series
The Idle Mermaid (Korean: 잉여공주; lit. 'Surplus Princess') is a 2014 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Jo Bo-ah, On Joo-wan, Song
The_Idle_Mermaid
Rules and methods for pricing transactions between enterprises under common ownership
in Ptr1 in the next diagram), then the firm will experience an internal surplus (excess internal supply) equal to the amount Qt1 minus Qf1. The actual
Transfer_pricing
foodsharing.de is an online platform that saves and distributes surplus food in Germany and Austria. It is managed by the Foodsharing association (foodsharing
Foodsharing.de
David says that after reading the bylaws, he thinks they should donate the surplus to a civic cause. The other sons agree. Joe calls a vote on the fishing
List of The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet episodes
List_of_The_Adventures_of_Ozzie_and_Harriet_episodes
Economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directory role
of foreign goods, capital, and technology. Although a mixed economy, the share of investment in public sector enterprises was 60%. India's economic policies
Dirigisme
Mode of transport which falls between both taxicabs and buses
públicos" (literally "public cars") are share taxis. Carros Publicos set routes with several passengers sharing the ride and others picked up throughout
Share_taxi
electrification of space heating, adoption of electric vehicles, and an increasing share of the variable renewable energy sources. Tezak 2005, p. 2. PJM 2021, p
Resource_adequacy
Economic system based on private ownership
defined by private ownership of the means of production, extraction of surplus value by the owning class for the purpose of capital accumulation, wage-based
Capitalism
Islamic banking method
assets, utilizing the funds at risk on a profit-and-loss-sharing basis". Profit and loss sharing is one of two categories of Islamic financing, the other
Profit_and_loss_sharing
Governmental style in which political parties cooperate to form a government
of coalition governments, minority coalitions and surplus majority coalition governments. A surplus majority coalition government controls more than the
Coalition_government
American technology writer (born 1964)
type. This type of sharing is a reverse of the so-called old order of sharing, where participants congregate first and then share (examples include Flickr
Clay_Shirky
Multi-winner electoral system
preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes, so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others
Single_transferable_vote
fearlessly laughs at the previously wounded Duel Sieger. That conclusion of surplus is… 41 "Roaring Slash! Gargantua Punisher! / Explosion! Roaring Slash!
List of Future Card Buddyfight episodes
List_of_Future_Card_Buddyfight_episodes
Medical condition caused by receiving too little or too many nutrients
which can result in stunted growth, wasting, and being underweight. A surplus of nutrients causes overnutrition, which can result in obesity or toxic
Malnutrition
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
increased by 91,196. The surplus in fiscal year 2000 was $237 billion – the third consecutive surplus and the largest surplus ever. In 2001, Bush's budget
George_W._Bush
Ownership of the means of production by society
through pension funds, to the weakest version involving profit sharing. Profit-sharing and varying degrees of self-management or "Holacracy" is practiced
Social_ownership
1987 reform of the Japanese Railways
and restore commercial viability, JNR identified approximately 94,000 surplus positions prior to the transition. Around 70,000 of these employees voluntarily
Division and privatization of Japanese National Railways
Division_and_privatization_of_Japanese_National_Railways
further money to extend the time for the holding and disposal of their surplus lands and properties and for other purposes. Colinton Tramways Extension
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1914
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1914
Korean term satirising low youth wages
below the minimum wage, totaled 635,000 as of the end of last year. The share of young workers who receive passion pay fell from 14.7 percent (539,000)
Passion_pay
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019
outlined plans to backtrack on the longstanding government plan to achieve a surplus by 2020, following the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. With uncertainty
Theresa_May
Recovery and donation of wasted edible food
Food rescue, also called food recovery, food salvage or surplus food redistribution, is the practice of gleaning edible food that would otherwise go to
Food_rescue
Country in Southern and Western Europe
manufactured in Spain were exported worldwide in 2023; the total external trade surplus of vehicles alone reached €18.8bn in 2023. Overall, the automotive industry
Spain
Country in West Asia
October 2015. Obeidat, Omar (21 June 2016). "IMF programme to yield budget surplus in 2019". The Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2017
Jordan
U.S. non-profit organization
MedShare is a national non-profit organization that recovers surplus medical supplies and equipment from U.S. hospitals and manufacturers and redistributes
MedShare
immigrating to the United States. The government had accumulated a large surplus going into the administrations of Garfield and Arthur.[citation needed]
History of the United States government
History_of_the_United_States_government
Proposal for a deregulated British economy after Brexit
Central Provident Fund stimulated the latter, and due to high budget surpluses its net international assets were almost three and a half times its gross
Singapore-on-Thames
Division rule for solving bankruptcy problems
Youngsub (1989-06-01). "A noncooperative justification for egalitarian surplus sharing". Mathematical Social Sciences. 17 (3): 245–261. doi:10.1016/0165-4896(89)90055-3
Constrained_equal_awards
Systems describing the emergence of resource sharing in nature
low cost to the donor. An example of this would be sharing food among kin during a period of surplus. The implications of kin-selection is that natural
Evolutionary models of food sharing
Evolutionary_models_of_food_sharing
One-time payment to Albrtans in 2006
to residents of Alberta due to a massive oil-fuelled provincial budget surplus. Notice for Klein's prosperity bonus would come less than a year following
Prosperity_Bonus
Country in northwestern Europe
2023. Retrieved 19 May 2025. "UK leads world in financial services trade surplus". TheCityUK. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 2 June 2025. "BIS Triennial Survey
United_Kingdom
American soldier of fortune active in the twentieth century
to France. After he returned to the US and worked selling off military surplus, Holmdahl left the US Army permanently in 1920. In the early 1920s, Holmdahl
Emil_Lewis_Holmdahl
divided among the two allied lists. The following parties signed surplus vote-sharing agreements for the 2021 election: Yamina and New Hope Yesh Atid and
2021 Israeli legislative election
2021_Israeli_legislative_election
Country in South America
Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural
Uruguay
U.S. Founding Father and president from 1789 to 1797
to transition from tobacco to grain crops, which left him with a costly surplus of slaves, causing him to question the system's economic efficiency. In
George_Washington
Country in Europe
exporter and third-largest importer, and it has the second-largest trade surplus after China. Its largest trading partners in 2025 were China, the United
Germany
election. 21 February – The UK Government announces that it had a budget surplus in January, with £5bn more in revenue than predicted. Kate Forbes insists
2023 in United Kingdom politics and government
2023_in_United_Kingdom_politics_and_government
Marxian economic concept
"relative surplus population", except that the unemployed can be defined as those actually looking for work and that the relative surplus population
Reserve_army_of_labour
29 July 1864 An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and the Surplus of Ways and Means to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1864
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1864
6, 2005, to May 24, 2006. Nagai also wrote Full Metal Panic! Surplus (フルメタル・パニック!SURPLUS) which is a single tankōbon manga published on June 27, 2003
List of Full Metal Panic! chapters
List_of_Full_Metal_Panic!_chapters
King of England from 1509 to 1547
war. Indeed, war and Henry's dynastic ambitions in Europe exhausted the surplus he had inherited from his father by the mid-1520s. Henry VII had not involved
Henry_VIII
Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC
rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known
Sumer
System or group governing an organized community
Neolithic Revolution, agriculture has been an efficient method to create food surplus. This enabled people to specialize in non-agricultural activities. Some
Government
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
Russian state-owned companies. To bypass sanctions and manage its currency surplus, Russia pays in rupees, supporting both civilian and military needs. Reuters
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
American mercenary in Afghanistan and Punjab (1799–1871)
at once, and an unlimited number of concubines, so their father had a surplus of sons. Given this history, and the fact that Afghan tribal chiefs tended
Josiah_Harlan
Country in Northwestern Europe and the Caribbean
exports. It employs about 4% of the Dutch labour force but produces large surpluses in the food-processing industry and accounts for 21% of the Dutch total
Netherlands
American basketball player (born 1984)
switch two years earlier—to allow Davis to wear No. 23—but Nike had a surplus of merchandise featuring James with No. 23, and so prevented him from making
LeBron_James
Country in Southern and Western Europe
Europe; as of 2024, it exported €612 billion in goods and had a trade surplus of €46 billion. A developed country ranked 30th on the Human Development
Italy
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
liberation strategy. His conception of a borderless, united Hispanic America sharing a Latino heritage was a theme that recurred during his revolutionary activities
Che_Guevara
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
In May 1932, he introduced kolkhoz markets where peasants could trade surplus produce. However, penal sanctions became harsher; a decree in August 1932
Joseph_Stalin
Program to produce mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle
a $2.5 billion deal with the United Arab Emirates Army for over 4,500 surplus U.S. MRAPs. 1,150 vehicles were Caimans. The U.S. government approved transferring
United_States_MRAP_program
Country in South America
200 m3/d) in early 2022. The overall trade balance for August 2012 was a surplus of almost $390 million for the first six months of 2012, a huge figure
Ecuador
Russian opposition leader and activist (1976–2024)
them to other companies for lesser amounts of money, and collecting the surplus: 26.7 million rubles ($540,000) from Yves Rocher Vostok, and 4.4 million
Alexei_Navalny
Country primarily in Western Europe
world's sixth-biggest exporter of agricultural products, generating a trade surplus of over €7.4 billion. Nicknamed "the granary of the old continent", over
France
Cultivation of plants and animals to produce foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials
civilization, whereby farming of domesticated plants and animals created food surpluses that enabled people to live in the cities. While humans started gathering
Agriculture
Country in South America
Kirchner ended the economic crisis attaining significant fiscal and trade surpluses, and rapid GDP growth. Under his administration, Argentina restructured
Argentina
Retirement fund
and Sweden. In collective risk sharing schemes members pool their contributions and to a greater or less extent share the investment and longevity risk
Pension
Theory in classical and Marxian economics
(total profit equals total surplus-value, and total price of production equals total value) hold as identities. While sharing the TSSI's emphasis on sequential
Labor_theory_of_value
President of the United States from 1881 to 1885
Navy, but he was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War. Arthur vetoed
Chester_A._Arthur
Locations where civilization emerged
marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, religious leaders
Cradle_of_civilization
River in India and Pakistan
from Punjab as it is not bound by earlier river water sharing agreements. Transfer of surplus water from one basin to another, termed as interbasin water
Ravi_River
Connected group of individuals
individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political
Society
Food that is discarded, lost or uneaten
than actually required to meet the contract, to have a margin of error. Surplus production is often simply disposed of. Retailers usually have strict cosmetic
Food_loss_and_waste
Island and region in Indonesia
Majapahit were dependent on rice yields and tax. Java was famous for rice surpluses and rice export since ancient times, and rice agriculture contributed
Java
Concept introduced by Max Weber
in order to include not only rent seeking, property rights' issues and surplus extraction mechanisms, but also models of governance. The definition of
Political_capitalism
Movement whose goal is financial independence and retiring early
within the community involves spending less than one earns, investing the surplus, and minimizing debt. The most frequently cited savings target is based
FIRE_movement
Country in West Africa
outages), increasing the interest in renewables. As of 2019, there is a surplus of electricity. The judicial system of Ghana deals with corruption, economic
Ghana
to extend the time for disposing of and otherwise dealing with certain surplus lands of the Wirral Railway Company to increase the capital of that Company
List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1903
List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1903
Form of corporate equity ownership
stock may be issued as a separate class. Capital surplus Common stock dividend Equity (finance) Share capital Shares authorized Shares issued Treasury
Common_stock
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Addition; Surplus; Plenty
Boy/Male
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
Surplus bestowed by Allah
Girl/Female
Indian
Surplus, Overabundance
Girl/Female
Muslim
Excess, Surplus
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Addition; Surplus; Increase; Growth
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Prayer; Surplus; Overabundance
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Abundant; Plentiful; Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus Bestowed by Allah
Girl/Female
Arabic
Excess; Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Possessing Divine Surplus
Boy/Male
Muslim
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Excess; Surplus
Girl/Female
Muslim
Surplus, Overabundance
Boy/Male
Indian
High, Excellent, Surplus, Abundance
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Searles.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Place Name
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Surplus
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sayantani | ஸயாநà¯à®¤à®¾à®¨à¯€
Twilight
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi
The Moon
Boy/Male
English
From the Vegetable Farm
Male
French
Variant spelling of French Lothaire, LOTHAIR means "loud warrior."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Storm.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Golden; Diamond
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Slave of the Excellence
Boy/Male
Biblical
Medicine or refreshment of the Lord.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Traditional
Goddes of the Woods
Boy/Male
Indian, Kashmiri, Spanish, Traditional
Abbreviation of Eulalie Well-spoken
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
SURPLUS SHARING
n.
A sum or quantity over; surplus.
n.
Increase; addition; surplus.
imp. & p. p.
of Surpass
n.
A pipe used for carrying off surplus water.
n.
That which remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed; surplus.
n.
The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus.
n.
Excessive measure; the excess beyond true or proper measure; surplus.
pl.
of Purple
a.
Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words.
n.
An outlet for the escape of surplus liquid.
v. t.
To surfel.
n.
Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
n.
Surplus.
v. t.
To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
n.
An excess; a surplus.
n.
A syrphus fly.
n.
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
v. t.
The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surpass