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Series of four notes separated by three intervals
In music theory, a tetrachord (Greek: τετράχορδoν; Latin: tetrachordum) is a series of four notes separated by three intervals. In traditional music theory
Tetrachord
An all-interval tetrachord is a tetrachord, a collection of four pitch classes, containing all six interval classes. There are only two possible all-interval
All-interval_tetrachord
System of melodic modes used in traditional Turkic music
note. There are six basic tetrachords, named sometimes according to their tonic note and sometimes according to the tetrachord's most distinctive note: Çârgâh
Turkish_makam
Terms in music theory to characterize scales
referring in Ancient Greek music theory to a particular tuning of the tetrachord, and to a rhythmic notational convention in mensural music of the 14th
Diatonic_and_chromatic
In music theory, the descending tetrachord is a series of four notes from a scale, or tetrachord, arranged in order from highest to lowest, or descending
Descending_tetrachord
Set of scales named after the Hicaz makam
Turkish makam. For Hicaz, there is the Hicaz tetrachord and Hicaz pentachord. The intervals of the Hicaz tetrachord and Rast pentachord within 53 Tone Equal
Hicaz_pitch_class_set
Five notes defining the Buselik scale
there is the Uşşak tetrachord and the Hüseynî pentachord. While in Arabic maqam music, maqam Bayati is taken as a basic tetrachord, in Turkish makam music
Uşşak_pitch_class_set
Classification in ancient Greek music theory
describe certain classes of intonations of the two movable notes within a tetrachord. The tetrachordal system was inherited by the Latin medieval theory of
Genus_(music)
Rast, there is the Rast tetrachord and Rast pentachord. It is used as a Çeşni in many makams. The intervals of the Rast tetrachord and Rast pentachord within
Rast_pitch_class_set
Chord progression
The Andalusian cadence (diatonic phrygian tetrachord) is a term adopted from flamenco music for a chord progression comprising four chords descending stepwise:
Andalusian_cadence
Class of music scales with seven notes
one or more black keys. A diatonic scale can be also described as two tetrachords separated by a whole tone. In musical set theory, Allen Forte classifies
Diatonic_scale
Five notes defining the Buselik scale
Kürdî, there is the Kürdî tetrachord and the Kürdî pentachord. The intervals of the Kürdî pentachord and Kürdî tetrachord within 53 Tone Equal Temperament
Kürdî_pitch_class_set
Five notes defining the Buselik scale
Çârgâh, there is the Çârgâh tetrachord and the Çârgâh pentachord. The intervals of the Buselik pentachord and Buselik tetrachord within 53 Tone Equal Temperament
Çârgâh_pitch_class_set
maqam Modes of limited transposition Symmetric scale Synthetic modes Tetrachord Heptachord Cordes, Jacqueline; Cordes, Jay (2025). "How Vast Is Music
List of musical scales and modes
List_of_musical_scales_and_modes
Bassline ostinato
harmonized. The diatonic version is the upper tetrachord from the natural minor scale, known as the Phrygian tetrachord, while the chromatic version, the chromatic
Lament_bass
Overview of ancient Greek music theory
years from simple scales of tetrachords, or divisions of the perfect fourth, into several complex systems encompassing tetrachords and octaves, as well as
Musical system of ancient Greece
Musical_system_of_ancient_Greece
Music symbol
Characteristic tetrachord of maqam bayati
Bayati_(maqam)
Percussion-stringed instrument
and a half step. With this tuning, a diatonic scale is broken into two tetrachords, or groups of four notes. For example, on an instrument with D as the
Hammered_dulcimer
Five notes defining the Buselik scale
Buselik, there is the Buselik tetrachord and the Buselik pentachord. The intervals of the Buselik pentachord and Buselik tetrachord within 53 Tone Equal Temperament
Buselik pitch class set (Turkish makam theory)
Buselik_pitch_class_set_(Turkish_makam_theory)
Arabic music term
maqam, or melodic mode. They correspond to the English terms trichord, tetrachord, and pentachord. A maqam is made up of two or more ajnas. The Arabic word
Jins
Musical motif spelling BACH
Webern's String Quartet, Op. 28, tone row, composed of three tetrachords: P I RI, with P = the BACH motif, I = it inverted, and RI = it inverted and backwards
BACH_motif
Form of song
organized against a background pattern formed of conjunct and disjunct tetrachords, producing a larger pitch system called the gamut. The chants can be
Gregorian_chant
Mode in Arabic music
or "kind". In most cases, a jins is made up of four consecutive notes (tetrachord), although ajnas of three consecutive notes (trichord) or five consecutive
Arabic_maqam
Type of melody or melodic fragment
In music theory, a chromatic fourth, or passus duriusculus, is a melody or melodic fragment spanning a perfect fourth with all or almost all chromatic
Chromatic_fourth
Type of musical scale and characteristic behaviors
Depending on the positioning (spacing) of the interposed tones in the tetrachords, three genera of the seven octave species can be recognized. The diatonic
Mode_(music)
Rast Seyir: Ascending Rast pentachord Rast tetrachord (Ascending) Buselik tetrachord (Descending) Rast tetrachord Named after the Durak note Rast. Ascending:
List_of_Turkish_makams
Turkish music implementations
Uşşak Durak Dügâh Güçlü Neva Yeden Rast Seyir Ascending Lower Çeşni Uşşak tetrachord Higher Çeşni Buselik pentachord
Uşşak_(Turkish_makam)
Name of a scale in different musical traditions
Characteristic tetrachord of maqam rast, known as the rast tetrachord, commonly used in descending cadences
Rast_(maqam)
Musical scale
The harmonic major scale is major scale with a lowered sixth. Its upper tetrachord is the same as that of the harmonic minor scale. Harmonic major scales
Harmonic_major_scale
Chord made up of four notes
Music never uses the term "tetrad", but occasionally employs the word tetrachord to mean any collection of four pitch classes. In 20th-century music theory
Tetrad_(music)
Classical music of the Ottoman Empire
constructed by attaching cins together. Cins are defined as either trichords, tetrachords or pentachords, which modal entities (although not melodic direction)
Ottoman_music
for his own use. Donald Martino had produced tables of hexachords, tetrachords, trichords, and pentachords for combinatoriality in his 1961 article
List_of_set_classes
centered in the theory became Çârgâh. The Rast makam also has a Rast tetrachord extension in its lower registers, that is octave equivalent to the second
Rast_(Turkish_makam)
Musical mode
Applied to a whole octave, the Dorian octave species was built upon two tetrachords (four-note segments) separated by a whole tone, running from the hypate
Dorian_mode
Broad tradition of Western art music
acoustical theory from pythagorean tuning, as well as the central function of tetrachords. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and
Classical_music
Musical form written in triple metre
Monteverdi's madrigal Lamento della Ninfa is a passacaglia on a descending tetrachord. The first two movements of the fourth sonata from Johann Heinrich Schmelzer's
Passacaglia
Diatonic scale tuning sequence proposed by Ptolemy
is called Ptolemy's intense diatonic tetrachord (or "tense"), as opposed to Ptolemy's soft diatonic tetrachord (or "relaxed"), which is formed by 21:20
Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale
Ptolemy's_intense_diatonic_scale
species of ancient Greece which, in its diatonic genus, is built from a tetrachord consisting (in rising direction) of a semitone followed by two whole tones
Hypodorian_mode
Acemli Rast Durak Rast Güçlü Neva Yeden Irak Seyir Ascending Lower Çeşni Rast pentachord Higher Çeşni Buselik tetrachord
Acemli_Rast
Musical mode or scale
third chord). Since the tetrachord beginning on the tonic may ascend or descend with either G-sharp or natural (Phrygian tetrachord), the mixed-thirds clash
Flamenco_mode
Classification of musical key or scale in ancient Greek music theory
minor third, and a ditone; quarter tones and semitones complete the tetrachords. The concept of octave species is very close to tonoi and akin to musical
Octave_species
Musical interval
doubleneck instrument and drumset. The enharmonic genus of the Greek tetrachord consisted of a ditone or an approximate major third, and a semitone, which
Quarter_tone
Ancient Greek string instrument
strings, tuned to create a tetrachord or series of four tones filling in the interval of a perfect fourth. By doubling the tetrachord a lyre with seven or eight
Lyre
Triad of scale patterns in music theory
Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 16. Ludwig van Beethoven often relied on the upper tetrachord of the harmonic minor scale to create tonal ambiguity and maximize chromaticism
Minor_scale
Type of chord in Ancient Greek music
intervals within a tetrachord, the sum of which is less than the remainder of the tetrachord. Although in modern usage, a tetrachord may be any four-note
Pyknon
2019 film score by Nicholas Britell
tape filters to create a "human, yet strange feeling". A theme called "Tetrachord" where the motif goes from the first to the fifth descend of the scale
The_King_(soundtrack)
One of the elements that form a makam in music
as Karar), in Turkish makam theory, is the initial note of the first tetrachord or pentachord in the diatonic scale, and the tonic note which always concludes
Durak_(Turkish_makam_theory)
Method of tuning a musical instrument
music theory. Ptolemy, and later Boethius, ascribed the division of the tetrachord by only two intervals, called "semitonium" and "tonus" in Latin (256:243 × 9:8 × 9:8)
Pythagorean_tuning
Arabic and Turkish musical scale
only one member: Maqam Saba. Jins Saba is traditionally defined as a tetrachord spanning an interval significantly less than a perfect fourth. It is among
Saba_(music)
Music that uses a tuning system outside of 12-TET
as far as one wishes to go." John Chalmers, author of Divisions of the Tetrachord, wrote, "The converse of this definition is that music which can be performed
Xenharmonic_music
Musical scale
the left and right hand switch—the A minor tetrachord appears in the left hand, and the E♭ minor tetrachord appears in the right hand.[original research
Octatonic_scale
Melodic system in Turkish makam music
Basit Suzinak Durak Rast Güçlü Neva Yeden Irak Seyir Descending Lower Çeşni Rast pentachord Higher Çeşni Hicaz tetrachord
Basit_Suzinak
Bridge in the San Francisco Bay Area
to the musical notes F4, G4, A4, and B4; these notes form an F Lydian Tetrachord. Modern knowledge of the effect of earthquakes on structures led to a
Golden_Gate_Bridge
Anonymous 9th-century treatise on music
of Orpheus. The scale used in the work, which is based on a system of tetrachords, appears to have been created solely for use in the work itself, rather
Musica_enchiriadis
Plagal Gregorian mode
Harmonicist school of Eratocles in terms of the enharmonic genus of the tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of two quarter tones followed by a ditone
Hypophrygian_mode
Use in music of microtones (intervals smaller than a semitone)
musical intervals and modes by dividing and combining tetrachords, recognizing three genera of tetrachords: the enharmonic, the chromatic, and the diatonic
Microtonality
Fourth mode of the melodic minor scale
sharpened F and G of A melodic minor. The F♯ turns the D minor tetrachord into a major tetrachord, and the G♯ turns it Lydian. Therefore, many occurrences of
Acoustic_scale
Musical compositions from Ancient Greece
second note of a tetrachord going down; the "conjunct tetrachord" is the tetrachord whose lowest note is the mese; and the "disjunct tetrachord" is the one
Delphic_Hymns
Initial phrase or line of a Hindustani musical composition
Dhrupad is the first of four stanzas and uses the middle octave's first tetrachord and the lower octave notes. Sthayi means an octave. India portal Music
Sthayi
Greek librarian, mathematician, geographer, and poet
music. The scholar Ptolemy preserved Eratosthenes' calculations for the tetrachord, which show that he used the "Pythagorean" tuning, which he then refined
Eratosthenes
Type of musical scale
2 ♭3 ♯4 5 ♭6 7. The scale contains two augmented seconds, one in each tetrachord. It also contains an augmented fourth between the first and fourth degree
Hungarian_minor_scale
Modal interchange in Turkish makam music
because the lower pentachord of Rast functions as a mode of the lower tetrachord (including the Yeden) of Uşşak. A visualisation of how the geçki between
Geçki
Musical instrument tuning with a limit of seven
philosopher and statesman Archytas of Tarentum. It used the following tetrachord: 28:27, 8:7, 9:8. Ptolemy also shares the "soft diatonic" according to
7-limit_tuning
One of the elements that form a makam in music
pentachord Hicaz Uzzal Zirgüleli Hicaz Uşşak tetrachord Neva Tahir Uşşak Bayatî Isfahân Karcığar Hicaz tetrachord Hümayün Segah pentachord Segah Hüzzam pentachord
Yeden
Ancient genre of classical Indian music
the middle octave's first tetrachord and the lower octave notes. The Antara part uses the middle octave's second tetrachord and the higher octave notes
Dhrupad
Scale in Turkish makam music
higher extension, starting from Muhayyer, with the steps of the Kürdî tetrachord. The notes in that case are Muhayyer, Sümbüle, Tiz Çârgah, Tiz Neva. This
Kürdî
Authentic Gregorian mode
based on a tonos, in turn based on a scale or octave species built from a tetrachord which, in its diatonic genus, consisted of a series of rising intervals
Phrygian_mode
Musical scale with unusual steps
♭II7 ♭iiM7 ♭ii7 ♭iiø7 III6 ivo Vø6 ♭vio In Forte numbers, the possible tetrachord subsets of 7-22 (the double harmonic set) are as follows: 4-3; 4-4; 4-5;
Double_harmonic_scale
Janya raga of Carnatic music
Melakarta rāgam Harikambhoji. The Hindustani music ragam Sahana is an upper-tetrachord-dominant Kanada-anga raga, from the Kafi thaat, also allied with Bageshree
Sahana_(raga)
Appeared Scale in Turkish makam music
Nikriz Durak Rast Güçlü Neva Yeden Irak Seyir Ascending Lower Çeşni Rast pentachord Higher Çeşni Rast tetrachord or Buselik tetrachord
Nikriz
Post-tonal music compositional technique
the tone-clock steerings of the hours. (Hour X is substituted with its tetrachord, the diminished seventh, which can be tone-clock steered). In her monograph
Tone_clock
Musical tuning based on pure intervals
Turkish makam Mugham Muqam Octoechos Pelog Raga (Carnatic raga) Slendro Tetrachord Non-octave Subdividing 833 cents scale A12 scale Bohlen–Pierce scale Single
Just_intonation
Seven-note series in musical notation
Major seventh, 11 semitones A heptachord is based on two consecutive tetrachords. 1½1, ½11, 11½ and the tritone 111 The 7 modal patterns for the Babylonian
Heptachord
later diatonic echos tritos by the division of its tonal system and its tetrachord. The name "νανὰ" (ʅʅ) was used for its proper enechema, and within the
Nana_(echos)
Persian polymath and poet (1048–1131)
discussing the mathematical relationship among notes, minor, major and tetrachords. The earliest allusion to Omar Khayyam's poetry is from the historian
Omar_Khayyam
Musical composition method
pitch classes, to yield a complete set, most commonly using trichords, tetrachords, and hexachords. A derived set can be generated by choosing appropriate
Twelve-tone_technique
Greco-Roman astronomer and geographer (c. 100–170)
multiple different ratios arranged to fit together evenly into smaller tetrachords (combinations of four pitch ratios which together make a perfect fourth)
Ptolemy
Five notes defining the Nikriz scale
putting the 53-TET equivalent of a whole step in the beginning of the Hicaz tetrachord. The intervals of the Nikriz pentachord within 53 Tone Equal Temperament
Nikriz_pitch_class_set
has a central position; it is the linking tone of two conjunct major tetrachords. It is also the usual Āqāz. The 7th above the finalis is a semi-tone
Dastgāh-e_Māhur
Period of cultural flourishing from 786 to 1258
incorporated the works of Aristoxenus and Ptolemy into his theory of tetrachords", and wrote among books in many subjects, the Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir
Islamic_Golden_Age
Sub-Category of The Fantasia
Europe. In its earliest form, it is based on a chromatically descending tetrachord which arises naturally out of the dorian mode. Consequently, the chromatic
Chromatic_fantasia
Musical scale comprising seven notes
to E. A major scale may be seen as two identical tetrachords separated by a whole tone. Each tetrachord consists of two whole tones followed by a semitone
Major_scale
Contiguous three-note set from a musical scale
derived by analogy from the 20th-century use of the word "tetrachord". Unlike the tetrachord and hexachord, there is no traditional standard scale arrangement
Trichord
Group of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
thematically linked by the four notes of the harmonic minor scale's second tetrachord. In his notes for the Quartetto Italiano's recording of all six quartets
Late string quartets (Beethoven)
Late_string_quartets_(Beethoven)
One of the elements that form a makam in music
Çeşni, in Turkish makam theory, is a set of scales usually seen in tetrachord or pentachord form that make up and give the name for a certain makam. A
Çeşni
Musical scale and mode
upper range normally consists of the tetrachord G, A, B♭, C. Below the tonic, however, would typically be the tetrachord G, A, B♮, C. In many cases, at some
Ukrainian_Dorian_scale
1978 single by Dire Straits
inversions. The song employs the Andalusian cadence or diatonic phrygian tetrachord. All the chords are compatible with a D natural minor scale, except for
Sultans_of_Swing
the works of Porphyry and Ptolemy. There, one finds examples of his tetrachords as measured string lengths from which the following frequency ratios
Didymus_the_Musician
Musical mode
whole tone (paramese to mese) followed by two conjunct inverted Lydian tetrachords (each being two whole tones followed by a semitone descending). This
Mixolydian_mode
Church mode of medieval music theory
sequence of intervals was therefore divided by the final into a lower tetrachord of tone-tone-semitone, and an upper pentachord of tone-tone-tone-semitone
Hypolydian_mode
Music scale used in Middle Eastern compositions
most closely related to the Phrygian dominant scale as their bottom tetrachords are identical. It can also be obtained by flattening the fifth degree
Persian_scale
Basic musical interval
the music theory of Greek antiquity as part of a diatonic or chromatic tetrachord, and it has always had a place in the diatonic scales of Western music
Semitone
Orchestral composition by Maurice Ravel
mimic the machinery", and the melody consistently ends with a descending tetrachord. Boléro is used in Bruno Bozzetto's 1976 animated film Allegro Non Troppo
Boléro
Concept of modes in Byzantine music theory
recognise the relative position of each note as it was organised by tetrachords based on the basis note of each echos. This base degree of the mode was
Echos
protos and of echos tetartos used intervals according to soft diatonic tetrachord divisions, while those of the tritos echoi and of the papadic echos plagios
Neobyzantine_Octoechos
Futurist music manifesto
reserved it for rites and rituals. The Greek musical theory was based on the tetrachord mathematics of Pythagoras, and featured very limited use of harmony. Developments
The_Art_of_Noises
Topics referred to by the same term
The chromatic harmonica Chromatic genus, a genus of divisions of the tetrachord characterized by an upper interval of a minor third Diatonic and chromatic
Chromatic_(disambiguation)
result is essentially the same as the "whole step—whole step—half step" tetrachord construction of the Western major scale, and thus the maqam Ajam sounds
Ajam_(maqam)
Melodic mode of improvisation in Indian music
depending on the nature of the lower tetrachord. The anga itself has six cycles (cakra), where the purvanga or lower tetrachord is anchored, while there are six
Raga
Japanese popular music genre
changed from music based on Japanese pentatonic scale and distortional tetrachord to the more occidental music over time, music that drew from the traditional
J-pop
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