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Philosophical problem about why neural processes give rise to inner experience at all
In philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness (or simply the hard problem) is to explain how and why organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness
Hard_problem_of_consciousness
2015 play by Tom Stoppard
The Hard Problem is a play by Tom Stoppard, first produced in 2015. The title refers to the hard problem of consciousness, which Stoppard defines as having
The_Hard_Problem
Topics referred to by the same term
Hard problem may refer to: The Hard Problem, a 2015 play by Tom Stoppard Hard problems, in computational complexity theory Hard problem of consciousness
Hard_problem
Complexity class
computational complexity theory, a computational problem H is called NP-hard if, for every problem L which can be solved in non-deterministic polynomial-time
NP-hardness
Philosophical view that consiousness is a ubiquitous feature of reality
in the mid-20th century associated with the rise of logical positivism. Recent interest in the hard problem of consciousness and developments in the fields
Panpsychism
points on dream consciousness as explained in his works. The “Hard problem” is defined as the difficulty in specifying how subjective awareness could arise
Dream_consciousness
Irish actor
Stoppard's The Hard Problem, which ran until 17 May 2015 and also had a worldwide broadcast via NT Live, on 16 April 2015. Both plays were directed by the then
Damien_Molony
Unsolved problem in computer science
Unsolved problem in computer science If the solution to a problem can be verified in polynomial time, must the problem be solvable in polynomial time
P_versus_NP_problem
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the origin city?" It is an NP-hard problem in combinatorial
Travelling_salesman_problem
Thought experiment in philosophy
facts about the brain and body. Philosophical zombie arguments are used against forms of physicalism and in defense of the hard problem of consciousness
Philosophical_zombie
American actor
of the Class. Hall began her professional acting career in the theater in 2016, when she played the role of Cathy Krohl in The Hard Problem at the Studio
Katie_Beth_Hall
Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist (born 1966)
Sciences. Chalmers is best known for formulating the hard problem of consciousness, and for popularizing the philosophical zombie thought experiment. Chalmers
David_Chalmers
Theory within consciousness research
so-called "hard problem". Rather than try to start from physical principles and arrive at consciousness, IIT "starts with consciousness" (accepts the existence
Integrated_information_theory
American actor (born 1978)
vivid Iranian voice". The Guardian. Retrieved March 24, 2019. Staff (November 4, 2019). "L.A. Theatre Works Records The Hard Problem By Tom Stoppard At UCLA"
Eddie_Cahill
Ability to make choices voluntarily
It has been noted that the laws of physics have yet to resolve the hard problem of consciousness: "Solving the hard problem of consciousness involves
Free_will
English actress
Lear at The Royal National Theatre. In 2015, Vinall took centre stage again at National Theatre Live in Tom Stoppard's play The Hard Problem as Hilary
Olivia_Vinall
American philosopher
of the hard problem of consciousness, and as one of the main objections materialist theories in the philosophy of mind must address. The idea of the explanatory
Joseph_Levine_(philosopher)
Conscious event, perception or practical knowledge
experience is involved in the mind–body problem and the hard problem of consciousness, both of which try to explain the relation between matter and
Experience
2021 book by Anil Seth
Seth's position on the hard problem of consciousness to fall in the middle between the two positions of either finding the hard problem to be meaningful
Being You: A New Science of Consciousness
Being_You:_A_New_Science_of_Consciousness
Ascribing an impossible property to a thing
Professor of Philosophy at the City University of New York, argues that the "hard problem of consciousness", as expressed by David Chalmers and others, rests
Category_mistake
American cognitive psychologist and popular science author
scientific explanation. Hoffman proposes a solution to the hard problem of consciousness by adopting the converse view that consciousness causes brain activity
Donald_D._Hoffman
a list of some of the major problems in philosophy. A statement is a conditional statement with a false antecedent. For example, the statement "If Joseph
List of philosophical problems
List_of_philosophical_problems
Mathematical problem in operations research
optimization problem in mathematics that arises from applications in industry. In terms of computational complexity, the problem is an NP-hard problem reducible
Cutting_stock_problem
Philosophical view that mind and matter come from one neutral underlying reality
within the philosophy of mind, specifically the mind–body problem and the hard problem of consciousness. The mind–body problem is the problem of explaining
Neutral_monism
Philosophical position on the mind-body problem
position proposing that the hard problem of consciousness cannot be resolved by humans. The unresolvable problem is how to explain the existence of qualia
New_mysterianism
American actor
played the role of Spike in Tom Stoppard's The Hard Problem at the Lincoln Center. In November 2020, O'Shea was cast in a recurring role on the third season
Christopher_O'Shea
Branch of philosophy
are addressed; these include the hard problem of consciousness and the nature of particular mental states. Aspects of the mind that are studied include
Philosophy_of_mind
Hypothesis in computational complexity theory
like the planted clique conjecture. However, for cryptographic applications, knowing that a problem has some hard instance (the problem is hard in the worst-case)
Computational hardness assumption
Computational_hardness_assumption
Optimization problem in computer science
problems is central to the construction of secure lattice-based cryptosystems: lattice problems are an example of NP-hard problems which have been shown
Lattice_problem
NP-complete problem in computer science
that solve the problem in many instances, either optimally or approximately. For this reason, it has been called "the easiest hard problem". There is
Partition_problem
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
The mind–body problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. It addresses
Mind–body_problem
Problem of communication when asking for help
The XY problem is a communication problem encountered in help desk, technical support, software engineering, or customer service situations where the
XY_problem
Totality of psychological phenomena
mind–body problem by arguing that it is based on an artificial dichotomy not present in the phenomenological description of experience. The hard problem of consciousness
Mind
Research into the problem of consciousness
Neurophenomenology refers to a scientific research program aimed at addressing the hard problem of consciousness in a pragmatic way. It combines neuroscience with
Neurophenomenology
Model of consciousness
conscious: the hard problem of consciousness. However, the abstract of Avshalom Elitzur's 1997 paper summarized that while GWT "does not address the 'hard problems
Global_workspace_theory
British actor (born 1953)
London, and in 2015 in the world premiere production of Stoppard's The Hard Problem. Jonathan Coy at IMDb The Unseen Hook at the Internet Movie Database
Jonathan_Coy
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
The ring star problem (RSP) is a NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization. In a complete weighted mixed graph, the ring star problem aims to find
Ring_star_problem
2014 book by Stanislas Dehaene
consciousness but feels that the hard problem remains unresolved. Like Kalat, Hutson finds Dehaene's dismissal of the hard problem unjustified because consciousness
Consciousness_and_the_Brain
Problem in combinatorial optimization
The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) is an NP-hard problem studied in operations research and theoretical computer science. Given a list of marketplaces
Traveling_purchaser_problem
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
solution to a GI-hard problem would yield a polynomial-time solution to the graph isomorphism problem (and so all problems in GI). A problem X {\displaystyle
Graph_isomorphism_problem
1996 philosophy book by David Chalmers
they claim to have solved the "hard problem of consciousness", when really all they have solved are certain "easy problems of consciousness". Chalmers
The_Conscious_Mind
on some hard mathematical problem, and it is proved that finding collisions of the hash function is as hard as breaking the underlying problem. This gives
Security of cryptographic hash functions
Security_of_cryptographic_hash_functions
(or NP-hard) problem is weakly NP-complete (or weakly NP-hard) if there is an algorithm for the problem whose running time is polynomial in the dimension
Weak_NP-completeness
Awareness of internal and external existence
he calls this the hard problem of consciousness. Some philosophers believe that Block's two types of consciousness are not the end of the story. William
Consciousness
Thought experiment on artificial intelligence
consciousness is at the root of the matter" of the Chinese room. Colin McGinn argues that the Chinese room provides evidence that the hard problem of consciousness
Chinese_room
Inability to describe conscious experiences in solely physical or structural terms
explanation for experience and qualia) is known as "the hard problem". The hardness of the problem is such that mysterians believe it can never be solved
Explanatory_gap
Ability to readily identify logical or mathematical truth
(PDF) from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved October 21, 2019. Aas, Benjamin (2011). "Body-Gödel-Mind: The unsolvability of the hard problem of consciousness"
Logical_intuition
Hypothetical process of digitally emulating a brain
described by Alexey Turchin. The main philosophical problem faced by mind uploading is the hard problem of consciousness: the difficulty of explaining how
Mind_uploading
2019 book by Philip Goff
Philip Goff. The book presents a defense of the theory of panpsychism as the solution to the hard problem of consciousness. The title of the book refers
Galileo's_Error
Node labeling problem in graph theory
} Both the unweighted and weighted versions are special cases of the quadratic bottleneck assignment problem. The bandwidth problem is NP-hard, even for
Graph_bandwidth
British psychologist (1934–2004)
solution to the 'hard problem' of how consciousness arises. Gray was opposed to the idea that the brain contains a representation of the external world
Jeffrey_Alan_Gray
Combinatorial optimization problem
The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of optimization or operations research
Quadratic_assignment_problem
Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality
about the nature of phenomenal character, as well as offer a potential solution to the hard problem of consciousness. The successful reduction of the phenomenal
Mental_representation
Observation that perception requires more computation than reasoning
wrote in 1994 that "the main lesson of thirty-five years of AI research is that the hard problems are easy and the easy problems are hard". One possible explanation
Moravec's_paradox
American writer
A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. Key subjects of Conscious include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness.
Annaka_Harris
Subfield of computational complexity theory
studies the time required to solve computational problems, especially those within the class P. While classical complexity theory distinguishes problems by
Fine_grained_complexity
Unrelated vertices in graphs
problem of finding such a set is called the maximum independent set problem. It is a strongly NP-hard problem. As such, it is unlikely that there exists
Independent set (graph theory)
Independent_set_(graph_theory)
Hindu monk
conversation on the Hard problem of consciousness. Fortune India mentions Sarvapriyananda as "one of the best known lecturers of the Vedanta in the world today"
Swami_Sarvapriyananda
Problem that is difficult or impossible to solve
recognize. It refers to an idea or problem that cannot be fixed, where there is no single solution to the problem; "wicked" does not indicate evil, but
Wicked_problem
2014 studio album by Miyuki Nakajima
Hard Problems (問題集, Mondaishū) is the 40th studio album by Japanese singer-songwriter Miyuki Nakajima, released in 2014. The album contained the single
Hard_Problems
Combinatorial optimization problem
problem with a wide range of applications from finance and economics to machine learning. QUBO is an NP hard problem, and for many classical problems
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization
Quadratic_unconstrained_binary_optimization
Optimization problem
The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimization and integer programming problem which asks "What is the optimal set of routes for a
Vehicle_routing_problem
Subfield of mathematical optimization
travelling salesman problem ("TSP"), the minimum spanning tree problem ("MST"), and the knapsack problem. In many such problems, such as the ones previously
Combinatorial_optimization
Use of tape machine record head as playback head in order to sync with new recording
head. The hard problem was the switching of a track between record and playback mode, as the impedance of record heads is quite different from the impedance
Sel-Sync
American sci-fi television series
Problem is an American science fiction television series created by David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, and Alexander Woo. It is the third adaptation of the Chinese
3_Body_Problem_(TV_series)
Problem in cryptography
that over many groups the DHP is almost as hard as the DLP. There is no proof to date that either the DHP or the DLP is a hard problem, except in generic
Diffie–Hellman_problem
Notion of the "hardest" or "most general" problem in a complexity class
a problem p is called hard for a complexity class C under a given type of reduction if there exists a reduction (of the given type) from any problem in
Complete_(complexity)
Seven mathematical problems with a US$1 million prize for each solution
The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. Each of the problems
Millennium_Prize_Problems
Minimum-cost tree with exactly k vertices
for variable k, the k-minimum spanning tree problem has been shown to be NP-hard by a reduction from the Steiner tree problem. The reduction takes as
K-minimum_spanning_tree
Decision problem in computer science
SSP is NP-hard. The complexity of the best known algorithms is exponential in the smaller of the two parameters n and L. The problem is NP-hard even when
Subset_sum_problem
1988 film by John McTiernan
Die Hard is a 1988 American action film directed by John McTiernan and written by Jeb Stuart and Steven E. de Souza, based on the 1979 novel Nothing Lasts
Die_Hard
Provider of information for software testing
is known as the oracle problem or test oracle problem, which some consider a relatively hard problem, and involves working with problems related to controllability
Test_oracle
science, the closest string is an NP-hard computational problem, which tries to find the geometrical center of a set of input strings. To understand the word
Closest_string
Physics problem related to laws of motion and gravity
In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem is to take the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses
Three-body_problem
Problem in combinatorial optimization
The knapsack problem is the following problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine which items
Knapsack_problem
Computational problem used in cryptography
constant c > 0 {\displaystyle c>0} ) is hard in the worst case. Average case problems are the problems that are hard to be solved for some randomly selected
Short integer solution problem
Short_integer_solution_problem
On domino tiling after removing two corners
formulation of the problem. Despite the existence of general methods such as those based on graph matching, it is exponentially hard for resolution to
Mutilated_chessboard_problem
Optimization problem in mathematics
general case, it is not clear if the problem is in NP, since it is much harder to verify a solution. In this variant, the small rectangles can have varying
Rectangle_packing
Type of hypothetical AI with wide-ranging abilities
unknown to the AGI developers before the test is administered. A problem is informally called "AI-complete" or "AI-hard" if it is believed that AGI would
Artificial general intelligence
Artificial_general_intelligence
Optimizing objective functions that have constrained variables
programming problem. If all the hard constraints are linear and some are inequalities, but the objective function is quadratic, the problem is a quadratic
Constrained_optimization
Partition problem Quadratic assignment problem Quadratic programming (NP-hard in some cases, P if convex) Subset sum problem Variations on the traveling
List_of_NP-complete_problems
Complexity class
in NP. A problem is NP-complete if it is both in NP and NP-hard. The NP-complete problems are thus, in a sense, the hardest problems in NP. The Cook–Levin
NP-completeness
variables is as small as possible. The problem is known to be NP-hard and even hard to approximate. A Min-RVLS problem is defined by: A binary relation
Minimum relevant variables in linear system
Minimum_relevant_variables_in_linear_system
Religious belief
Christians Sermon on the Mount The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ Tolstoyan movement Owen J. Flanagan. The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material
Jesuism
Problem in computer science
In computability theory, the halting problem is the decision problem of, given an arbitrary computer program and an input, determining whether said program
Halting_problem
Type of computational problem
{\displaystyle R} . A problem R {\displaystyle R} is FNP-complete if it is FNP-hard and in FNP. The problem FSAT is an FNP-complete problem, and hence by self-reducibility
Function_problem
Theories proposing consciousness as an electromagnetic phenomenon
new physics can resolve the hard problem of consciousness. He argues that quantum theories of consciousness suffer from the same weakness as more conventional
Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
Electromagnetic_theories_of_consciousness
Set of "near" codewords in coding theory
length 4. The determination of the minimal size K q ( n , R ) {\displaystyle K_{q}(n,R)} of a q-ary R-covering code of length n is a very hard problem. In many
Covering_code
Class of computational complexity
BQPCTC, problems solvable by quantum computers using closed timelike curves. A language B is PSPACE-complete if it is in PSPACE and it is PSPACE-hard, which
PSPACE
Combinatorial optimization problem
In graph theory, the metric k-center problem or vertex k-center problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem studied in theoretical computer
Metric_k-center
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
particular, the set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of NP-hard problems. If a problem X {\displaystyle X} is in C {\displaystyle C} and hard for C
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Term describing difficult problems in AI
or AI-hard. Calling a problem AI-complete reflects the belief that it cannot be solved by a simple specific algorithm. Prior to 2013, problems supposed
AI-complete
Artificial intelligence (AI) program
an artificial intelligence (AI) program that can solve hard problems in Euclidean geometry. The system comprises a data-driven large language model (LLM)
AlphaGeometry
Branch of philosophy
"Facing up to the hard problem of consciousness." Journal of Consciousness Studies 2, 3, 200–219. Dretske, Fred (1981). Knowledge and the Flow of Information
Philosophy_of_perception
Scientific mnemonic diagram
in the square, in clockwise direction. Another mnemonic used here is "Valid Facts and Theoretical Understanding Generate Solutions to Hard Problems", which
Thermodynamic_square
Complexity class
counting the number of accepting paths of a polynomial-time non-deterministic Turing machine. The problem is #P-hard, meaning that every other problem in #P
♯P-complete
problem. This problem is easier to solve than integer factorization, so the assumption that this problem is hard to solve is stronger than the assumption
Higher_residuosity_problem
Interdisciplinary scientific study of cognitive processes
for articulating the hard problem of consciousness, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words
Cognitive_science
British actor
Rycroft Twelfth Night (2017) as Malvolio at the Royal Exchange, Manchester The Hard Problem (2015) Stephen Ward the Musical (2013–2014) Private Lives (2013)
Anthony_Calf
Class of algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems
solutions to optimization problems (in particular NP-hard problems) with provable guarantees on the distance of the returned solution to the optimal one. Approximation
Approximation_algorithm
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