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Energy conversion in optics
In optics, wall-plug efficiency or radiant efficiency is the energy conversion efficiency with which the system converts electrical power into radiant
Wall-plug_efficiency
How efficiently a source produces visible light
ρ for luminous efficacy of a source. Photometry Light pollution Wall-plug efficiency Coefficient of utilization List of light sources SI defining constants
Luminous_efficacy
Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine
representing the losses. The wall-plug efficiency differs from the luminous efficiency in that wall-plug efficiency describes the direct output/input conversion
Energy_conversion_efficiency
Type of gas laser
electrical discharge. The wall-plug efficiency of the nitrogen laser is low, typically 0.1% or less, though nitrogen lasers with efficiency of up to 3% have been
Nitrogen_laser
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
excessive beam dump heating, and substantially improves overall wall-plug efficiency compared to a conventional single-pass FEL. FEL with ERL theoretically
EUV_lithography
Type of external power supply
a case, unplug them all, then plug them back in one by one until the culprit or culprits is found. Traditionally, wall adapters provided a constant voltage
AC_adapter
Deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects
important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per
Lighting
Hybrid vehicle with externally chargeable battery
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) or plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV) is a type of hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a battery that can be recharged
Plug-in_hybrid
Topics referred to by the same term
WPE may refer to: Wall-plug efficiency, a measure of efficiency of LEDs Wapping railway station (National Rail station code), a railway station in London
WPE
Liftback motor vehicle
The Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid (often abbreviated as the Prius PHEV or PHV and initially marketed as the Prius Prime in North America, South Korea, and
Toyota_Prius_Plug-in_Hybrid
Power plug/socket smart device
pioneers of the smart plug include John La Grou, Steve Purdham, and Sanjib Kumar. A smart plug is a power plug (also known as a wall plug, outlet, or electrical
Smart_plug
Type of semiconductor laser diode
The high power level achieved was mostly due to improvements in wall-plug efficiency and packaging. In 2009, >100 W power levels were reported for VCSEL
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Vertical-cavity_surface-emitting_laser
Device that generates sparks in internal combustion engines
A spark plug (sometimes, in British English, a sparking plug, and, colloquially, a plug) is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition
Spark_plug
Iranian-American Physicist
THz Spectroscopy, Sensing Closer to Mainstream" "High-power, high-wall-plug-efficiency quantum cascade lasers with high-brightness in continuous wave operation
Manijeh_Razeghi
Optical instrument
Manijeh; Bai, Yanbo; Wang, Feihu (2025-07-25). "High-power, high-wall-plug-efficiency quantum cascade lasers with high-brightness in continuous wave operation
Quantum-cascade_laser
Electric convertible sports car (2008–2012)
station-to-wheel efficiency, but we do quote plug-to-wheel efficiency which includes all energy use downstream of the charging plug. For the most recent
Tesla Roadster (first generation)
Tesla_Roadster_(first_generation)
Efficiency of luminaire in transferring light energy
that of indirect lighting varies from 0.1 to 0.3 Luminous efficacy Wall-plug efficiency Hilton, John (23 October 2024). "What Is the Coefficient of Utilization
Coefficient_of_utilization
Field within architecture, interior design and electrical engineering
important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per
Architectural_lighting_design
Romanian-American electrical engineer
lasers and quantum cascade lasers, achieving multiple world-record wall-plug efficiencies and output powers. He has also been involved in technology commercialization
Dan_Botez
Mixture formation system
flame away from the cylinder walls, reducing thermal losses. Since mixtures that are too lean cannot be ignited with a spark plug (due to the lack of fuel)
Gasoline_direct_injection
Efficiency leads to increased demand
increase the efficiency of a resource's use lead to a rise, rather than a fall, in total consumption of that resource. Greater efficiency reduces the amount
Jevons_paradox
Videometer Virgo interferometer Visotek Volume hologram Vulcan laser Wall-plug efficiency Warm dense matter Waveguide (optics) Wavelength-division multiplexing
List_of_laser_articles
Type of vehicle
All-time top-selling plug-in cars (global sales since inception) A plug-in electric vehicle is any road vehicle that can utilize an external source of
Plug-in_electric_vehicle
a nearly-diffraction-limited beam. A maximum room-temperature cw wall-plug efficiency of nearly 15% has also been achieved. While QCLs typically require
Interband_cascade_laser
Battery electric and plug-in hybrid mid-size and full-size luxury SUVs
Wèipái V9X) is a battery electric and plug-in hybrid mid-size and full-size luxury SUVs produced by Great Wall Motors under the Wey marque. In January
Wey_V9X
U.S. all-time top-selling plug-in cars (sales as of December 2020[update]) The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is variously
Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States
Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_the_United_States
Set of standards for AC power connectors
"cloverleaf connector" or "Mickey Mouse connector" for the C5/C6. "Kettle plug" (often "jug plug" in Australian or New Zealand English) is a colloquial term used
IEC_60320
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles have been established around the world to support policy-driven adoption of plug-in electric vehicles.
Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
Government_incentives_for_plug-in_electric_vehicles
Wafer (electronics) Wagner model Wake Wake turbulence Waldo K. Lyon Wall-plug efficiency Wallace Clement Sabine Wallace Hampton Tucker Wallace Smith Broecker
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
Internal combustion engine type
compression stroke) the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark plug (in a gasoline engine) or by heat generated by high compression (diesel engines)
Four-stroke_engine
Methods for higher energy efficiency
case, energy efficiency is dictated by whatever process (such as coal-burning, hydroelectric, or renewable source) created the power. Plug-ins can typically
Efficient_energy_use
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
possible. A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and
Electric_vehicle
Motor vehicle
include the battery-electric Honda Clarity Electric and the plug-in hybrid electric Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid, in addition to the next generation Honda Clarity
Honda_Clarity
American nuclear fusion facility
diode-pumped solid state lasers, where wall-plug efficiencies of 10 percent have been demonstrated, and efficiencies 16–18 percent were expected with advanced
National_Ignition_Facility
Type of internal combustion engine
centre to induce swirl and reduce wall-wetting. A stratified charge engine has an injector off to the side, with a spark plug in the centre, which in some
Stratified_charge_engine
Device for heating mounted in an open stove to increase efficiency
a brick or steel-covered hearth. Plug-in electric fireplace inserts typically connect to a common 120-volt wall plug and are placed within an existing
Fireplace_insert
Systems vehicles with multiple power sources use to transmit power to the wheels
sustaining better transmission efficiency. This is effectively accomplished in the Generation 3 Prius (Prius v, Prius Plug-in and Prius c), although the
Hybrid_vehicle_drivetrain
Small photovoltaic system connected directly to a building's electrical circuit
A balcony solar power system (also called a plug-in solar panel, mini solar system, Plug-in PV, PIPV, or balcony power station) is a small photovoltaic
Balcony_solar_power
use by country Plug-in electric vehicles in Japan Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway Plug-in electric vehicles
History of the electric vehicle
History_of_the_electric_vehicle
Enclosed volume where interconversion of compounds takes place
the term "plug flow". Reagents may be introduced into the PFR at locations in the reactor other than the inlet. In this way, a higher efficiency may be obtained
Chemical_reactor
Electricity generation system
2025-10-13 – via YouTube. "All-In-One Plug-And-Play Solar Panels : Be Wary". Matters, Energy (2012-07-15). "What Is A 'Plug And Play' Grid Tie Solar Inverter
Solar_generator
Characteristic of rocket engine nozzles
half-angle of the outer wall of the nozzle (rad). β {\displaystyle \beta } is the (positive) half-angle of the inner wall of the plug inside the nozzle (rad)
Thrust_coefficient
Device which removes solid particulates from the air
High efficiency particulate arrester (HEPA), originally called high-efficiency particulate absorber but also sometimes called high-efficiency particulate
Air_filter
Hybrid compact car produced by Toyota
hatchback. The production version of the Prius plug-in hybrid was released in 2012. The second generation of the plug-in variant, the Prius Prime, was released
Toyota_Prius
Compact crossover SUV
turbocharged petrol engine, therefore it became the first plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) from Great Wall Motors to be sold in South Africa. The Haval H6 HEV
Haval_H6
Large stationary single-cylinder internal combustion four-stroke engine
in creating a double-acting engine which ran on illuminating gas at 4% efficiency. The 18-litre (1,100 cu in) Lenoir engine was able to produce only 2 hp
Otto_engine
Measure of engine efficiency
Volumetric efficiency (VE) in internal combustion engine engineering is defined as the ratio of the equivalent volume of the fresh air drawn into the cylinder
Volumetric_efficiency
Heat engine using reciprocating pistons
sliding piston and the walls of the cylinder so that the high pressure gas above the piston does not leak past it and reduce the efficiency of the engine. This
Reciprocating_engine
Electrical component
sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable (typically with a mains plug on the other end), allowing multiple electrical devices to be powered from
Power_strip
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
the cylinder wall without poppet valves; the piston controls their opening and occlusion instead. The cylinder head also holds the spark plug in the case
Internal_combustion_engine
Removes soot deposits inside a boiler
tubes of a boiler during combustion to prevent plugging of the gas passes and maintain boiler efficiency. The world market leader is Clyde Bergemann Power
Soot_blower
The history of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) spans a little more than a century, but most of the significant commercial developments have taken
History_of_plug-in_hybrids
System that transfers heat from one space to another
pumps are also used in district heating systems. Because of their high efficiency and the increasing share of fossil-free sources in electrical grids, heat
Heat_pump
The fleet of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Japan totaled just over 300,000 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles in circulation at the end
Plug-in electric vehicles in Japan
Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Japan
Consortium improve the resource efficiency of data centers
Unveil Power-Usage Plan: AMD, IBM, Rivals To Focus on Efficiency Of Servers, Data Centers". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 5, 2013. "Green Grid
The_Green_Grid
Timing of the release of a spark in a combustion engine
the type of ignition system used, the type and condition of the spark plugs, the contents and impurities of the fuel, fuel temperature and pressure
Ignition_timing
Measurement of fuel economy
efficiency ratings that have been developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in
Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent
Miles_per_gallon_gasoline_equivalent
Telecommunication cabling standards
the pin-to-pair assignments, or pinout, between the pins in a connector (a plug or a socket) and the wires in a cable. Pinouts are critical because cables
ANSI/TIA-568
Vehicle not powered by petrol or diesel
fuel efficiency than conventional combustion vehicles. Other research and development efforts in alternative forms of power focus on developing plug-in
Alternative_fuel_vehicle
Removes diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine
engine. Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies approaching
Diesel_particulate_filter
Electronic device that converts or regulates electric energy and supplies it to a load
the load's AC power cord that plugs into a wall outlet; a wall wart is an external supply integrated with the outlet plug itself. These are popular in
Power_supply
Type of lower-voltage electricity most commonly provided by utilities
items (such as domestic appliances, televisions and lamps) by plugging them into a wall outlet. The voltage and frequency of electric power differs between
Mains_electricity
Compact crossover SUV manufactured by Ford
engine-transmission combinations including a plug-in gas-electric hybrid that can go 37 miles (60 km) on electricity alone with an efficiency rating of 100 MPGe, as well
Ford_Escape
Electric mid-size sedan
vehicles, the Model S and Model X. The Model 3 was the world's top-selling plug-in electric car for three years, from 2018 to 2020, before the Tesla Model
Tesla_Model_3
Vehicle that operates on a combination of petrol and electricity
its fourth-generation DM (Dual Mode) plug-in hybrid platform in January 2021, splitting it into the efficiency-focused DM-i and the performance-focused
Hybrid_electric_vehicle
Rigid structure to provide workers with a dry working environment below water level
reinforced concrete plug may be placed under the water, a process known as tremie concrete placement. When the caisson is dewatered, this plug acts as a pile
Caisson_(engineering)
Machine component used to compress or contain expanding fluids in a cylinder
efficiency of the engine: the forces required to accelerate and decelerate the reciprocating parts cause more piston friction with the cylinder wall than
Piston
The Norwegian fleet of plug-in electric vehicles is the largest per capita in the world. In December 2016, Norway became the first country where five in
Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway
Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Norway
Machine used to produce air flow
electrostatic potential Specific fan power – Parameter that quantifies the energy-efficiency of fan air-movement systems Waddle fan – Large centrifugal fans, used
Fan_(machine)
Engine that uses steam to perform mechanical work
20th century. The efficiency of stationary steam engines increased dramatically until about 1922. The highest Rankine Cycle Efficiency of 91% and combined
Steam_engine
Part of a reciprocating engine
from the piston to the cylinder wall. Maintaining the proper quantity of the oil between the piston and the cylinder wall Regulating engine oil consumption
Piston_ring
Internal combustion engine type
and size are not an issue, the cycle's potential for high thermodynamic efficiency makes it ideal for diesel compression ignition engines operating in large
Two-stroke_engine
Type of boiler
sealed container of water. The heat of the gases is transferred through the walls of the tubes by thermal conduction, heating the water and ultimately creating
Fire-tube_boiler
Device that converts other energy to electrical energy
accessories, including air conditioning units, and refrigerators. An RV power plug is connected to the electric generator to obtain a stable power supply. Electric
Electric_generator
Plug-in hybrid sports car developed by BMW
The BMW i8 is a plug-in hybrid sports car developed by BMW. The i8 was part of BMW's electrified fleet and was marketed under the BMW i sub-brand. The
BMW_i8
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
fusion tamper and the spark plug, hence their name equilibrium supers. Since the ablative process takes place on both walls of the radiation channel, a
Castle_Bravo
American investor (born 1970)
media attention for his participation in the Department of Government Efficiency. Forbes estimated his net worth at US$2.2 billion as of April 2025, while
Antonio_Gracias
Parts to bring cool air in a car engine
is cold and cold air when the engine is warm to maximize performance, efficiency, and fuel economy. With the advent of advanced emission controls and more
Cold_air_intake
Type of steam engine
that flows in one direction only in each half of the cylinder. Thermal efficiency is increased by having a temperature gradient along the cylinder. Steam
Uniflow_steam_engine
Fully-autonomous electric car
priorities were low-cost production, ease of manufacturing and maximum efficiency. Tesla has targeted an operating cost of less than US$0.30 per mile for
Tesla_Cybercab
Automotive technology
the cylinder head(s). Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It may also serve as a mount for the carburetor
Inlet_manifold
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
lowest specific impulse) but measures can be taken to increase the rockets efficiency and certain types of rocket engines can be extremely efficient (ex. hall
Rocket_engine
Pollution-control technology
cyclonic scrubbers are nozzle plugging and corrosion or erosion of the side walls of the cyclone body. Nozzles have a tendency to plug from particulates. The
Cyclonic_spray_scrubber
Chinese automobile manufacturer
adopts series-parallel plug-in hybrid technology with a dedicated hybrid transmission (DHT), consisting of a high-efficiency petrol engine marketed as
BYD_Auto
8-speed automatic from 2008
maximum torque available, also the gearbox is available with mild hybrid and plug in hybrid options: With 15 kW (20 hp) and 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft) supporting
ZF_8HP_transmission
Part of a steam engine
put out the fire. Not all locomotives are equipped with fusible plugs. Fusible plugs should be replaced at regular intervals, about every three months
Firebox_(steam_engine)
operate at hydrogen partial pressures of 100–200 bar, requiring heavy-wall plug-type header boxes in hydrogen-resistant chrome-moly steels (ASTM A387
Air_Cooler_Header_Box
Electric vehicle with an onboard engine-driven generator for extended range
recharge the traction battery when it is depleted. Unlike a conventional plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), in which the combustion engine may drive
Extended-range electric vehicle
Extended-range_electric_vehicle
Swedish executive station wagon
disadvantage of plug-in vehicles. The V70 PHEV test car uses an 11.3 kWh lithium-ion battery pack. As reported by the test drivers, the V70 Plug-in Hybrid demonstrators
Volvo_V70
Filter designed to remove contaminants from oil
manufacturing magnets that attach to the outside of an oil filter or magnetic drain plugs—first invented and offered for cars and motorcycles in the mid-1930s—to
Oil_filter
Swedish multinational manufacturer of luxury vehicles
tested have received five-star safety ratings: Volvo C30, V40, V60, V60 plug-in hybrid, XC60 and V70. The second generation Volvo V40 got the best test
Volvo_Cars
Off-road vehicle produced from 2006 to 2010
eighth overall. In early 2009, Raser Technologies and FEV built a prototype plug-in hybrid H3 that could achieve up to 100 MPG equivalent, using its battery
Hummer_H3
Environmentally responsible construction principles
in harmony; green building technology focuses on low consumption, high efficiency, economy, environmental protection, integration and optimization. Leadership
Green_building
Closed vessel in which fluid is heated
(indirect method) Direct method of boiler efficiency test is more usable or more common. Boiler efficiency = power out / power in = Q × (Hg − Hf) / (q
Boiler
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
efficiency. Toyota adopted a siamese-type intake port, which reduces the surface area of the port walls and prevents fuel from adhering to such walls
Toyota_GR_engine
Mechanism for converting reciprocating motion to rotation
dynamic displacement are critical factors influencing the performance, efficiency, and durability of diesel engines. These phenomena arise due to the flexibility
Crankshaft
Type of turbocharging technology
offer higher flow rates and higher peak efficiency compared to other variable geometry designs. Sliding wall turbines are commonly found in heavy-duty
Variable-geometry turbocharger
Variable-geometry_turbocharger
Type of vehicle incident
The number of vehicle fires involving plug-in electric vehicles has increased alongside the increase in production and adoption of consumer electric vehicles
Plug-in_electric_vehicle_fire
Machine that washes clothes
Energy Label with grades for energy efficiency, washing performance, and spin efficiency. Grades for energy efficiency run from A to G (best to worst), providing
Washing_machine
US EPA program and certification
Energy Star (trademarked ENERGY STAR) is an energy-efficiency program established in 1992. It is administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Energy_Star
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