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Key that is easy to break with a specific cipher
In cryptography, a weak key is a key, which, used with a specific cipher, makes the cipher behave in some undesirable way. Weak keys usually represent
Weak_key
Algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption
Symmetric-key_algorithm
2022 South Korean television series
Weak Hero (Korean: 약한영웅) is a South Korean television series written and directed by Yoo Soo-min with Kim Jin-seok and Park Dan-hee, starring Park Ji-hoon
Weak_Hero
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
brute-force attack or exhaustive key search is a cryptanalytic attack that consists of an attacker submitting many possible keys or passwords with the hope
Brute-force_attack
Symmetric-key block cipher
The very simple key schedule makes IDEA subject to a class of weak keys; some keys containing a large number of 0 bits produce weak encryption. These
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
number of unsuccessful verification attempts for each key. Saarinen described GCM as having weak keys, offering some added analysis into how polynomial hash-based
Galois/Counter_Mode
Block cipher
is known to be susceptible to known-plaintext attacks on reflectively weak keys. Blowfish implementations use 16 rounds of encryption, and are not susceptible
Blowfish_(cipher)
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
to TDES cipher. DES also has four so-called weak keys. Encryption (E) and decryption (D) under a weak key have the same effect (see involution): E K (
Data_Encryption_Standard
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
different key and block sizes. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths:
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
a "public key" to encrypt a message and a related "private key" to decrypt it. The advantage of asymmetric systems is that the public key can be freely
Cryptography
Techniques to protect against brute-force attack
In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force
Key_stretching
Cryptography algorithm
the same plaintext is encrypted multiple times independently with the same key. Block ciphers may be capable of operating on more than one block size, but
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
International digital security company
companies, were affected by the Infineon weak key vulnerability, leaving their private keys deducible to attackers. Key partners of Gemalto include Wipro, Prodapt
Gemalto
Cryptographic attack
the key. While the number of '1' bits alone is not nearly enough information to make finding the key easy, repeated executions with the same key and different
Timing_attack
A type of item in a relational database, in computing
relational database, a weak entity is an entity that cannot be uniquely identified by its attributes alone; therefore, it must use a foreign key in conjunction
Weak_entity
Class of attack on cryptographic systems
attempt to prevent use of any of these remaining weak keys, but researchers continue to find weak key implementations. In December 2010, a group calling
Random number generator attack
Random_number_generator_attack
Interaction between subatomic particles
In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, weak force or weak nuclear force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with
Weak_interaction
Tables for the Data Encryption Standard
combined to form a 56 bit temp-key again • The compression P-box changes the 56 bits key to 48 bits key, which is used as a key for the corresponding round
DES_supplementary_material
Block cipher
Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block. The 56-bit key of the Data Encryption
Triple_DES
Cryptography construction
similar, even identical in some cases, requiring only a reversal of the key schedule. Therefore, the size of the code or circuitry required to implement
Feistel_cipher
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
key. When one round key has been deemed a potential round key considerably more often than any other key, it is assumed to be the correct round key.
Differential_cryptanalysis
Input to a cryptographic primitive
security, a property whereby repeated usage of the scheme under the same key does not allow an attacker to infer relationships between (potentially similar)
Initialization_vector
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
the cipher key called a round key. A key schedule is an algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key. Some ciphers have simple key schedules
Key_schedule
Used for encoding or decoding ciphertext
Random number generator Session key Tripcode Machine-readable paper key Weak key Piper, Fred (2002), "Cryptography", Encyclopedia of Software Engineering
Key_(cryptography)
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext
S-box
Block cipher
In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It was one of the five finalists of
Twofish
Block cipher
results for XTEA. The paper presents two attacks, one without and with a weak key assumption, which corresponds to 264.98 bytes of data and 2126.44 operations
XTEA
Process of developing the AES standard
standard was needed primarily because DES had a relatively small 56-bit key which was becoming vulnerable to brute-force attacks. In addition, the DES
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
and/or weak keys. In 2011 several authors discovered more significant flaws in GOST, being able to attack the full 32-round GOST with arbitrary keys for
GOST_(block_cipher)
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
operation. Some block cipher modes (CBC and PCBC essentially) for symmetric-key encryption algorithms require plain text input that is a multiple of the
Padding_(cryptography)
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
CCM must be carefully chosen to never be used more than once for a given key. This is because CCM is a derivation of counter (CTR) mode and the latter
CCM_mode
Block cipher
Standard. Wagner et al. (1999) found a number of weak key classes for FROG. Other problems included very slow key setup and relatively slow encryption. FROG
FROG
Block cipher
earliest designs is now termed FEAL-4, which has four rounds and a 64-bit key. Problems were found with FEAL-4 from the start: Bert den Boer related a
FEAL
Stream cipher
applications that use RC4 simply concatenate key and nonce; RC4's weak key schedule then gives rise to related-key attacks, like the Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir
RC4
Family of block ciphers
Speck32 and Speck48 in the known-key distinguishing attack model for certain weak key classes make it through slightly more rounds than the best differential
Speck_(cipher)
Feistel network based block cipher
In cryptography, Camellia is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits. It was jointly developed
Camellia_(cipher)
Type of cryptographic attack
RC4 key, allowing the packets to be attacked. More devastating attacks take advantage of certain weak keys in RC4 and eventually allow the WEP key itself
Related-key_attack
Block cipher
notably, it suffers from equivalent keys—each key is equivalent to three others, which means that the effective key size is only 126 bits. As a result
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Computer password or cryptographic key
[citation needed] Key stretching – a method to create a stronger key from a weak key or a weak shared secret Security question – implementation method Handbook
Shared_secret
Technique to increase the security of an iterated block cipher
In cryptography, key whitening is a technique intended to increase the security of an iterated block cipher. It consists of steps that combine the data
Key_whitening
Chinese block cipher
cipher has a key size and a block size of 128 bits each. Encryption or decryption of one block of data is composed of 32 rounds. A non-linear key schedule
SM4_(cipher)
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
derived keys have other desirable properties, such as avoiding "weak keys" in some specific encryption systems. As components of multiparty key-agreement
Key_derivation_function
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
ephemeral Diffie–Hellman (DHE) key exchange to support forward secrecy were using weak Diffie–Hellman parameters. These weak parameter choices could potentially
Transport_Layer_Security
Cipher design construction
SHARK, and Square. Such a network takes a block of the plaintext and the key as inputs, and applies several alternating rounds or layers of substitution
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
network with eight rounds, operating on 128-bit blocks and using a 128-bit key. Square is not patented. Joan Daemen; Lars Knudsen; Vincent Rijmen (1997)
Square_(cipher)
Block cipher
Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, in which it ranked second to Rijndael.
Serpent_(cipher)
Block cipher
structure, or "MA-box". MESH also has a more complex key schedule than IDEA, intended to prevent weak keys and other insecure patterns in subkeys. J. Nakahara
MESH_(cipher)
Typing without the use of sight to find the keys
there are no weak keys. Typing speed is typically determined by how slow these weak keys are typed rather than how fast the remaining keys are typed. If
Touch_typing
Mathematical solution
equation (2) as long as u is continuously differentiable. The key to the concept of weak solution is that there exist functions u that satisfy equation
Weak_solution
Block cipher
above, such that n=2k-1, where k is the block size. They also found large weak key classes for the Challenge variant, and for many other moduli. David M'Raïhi;
Xmx
SSL/TLS exploitation
on the SSL/TLS protocols that exploits the use of the RC4 cipher with weak keys for that cipher. While this affects only the first hundred or so bytes
Bar_mitzvah_attack
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
X.509 public key certificate illustrates crypto-agility. A public key certificate has cryptographic parameters including key type, key length, and a
Cryptographic_agility
and electronic commerce. Cryptographer Encryption/decryption Cryptographic key Cipher Ciphertext Plaintext Code Tabula recta Alice and Bob Commitment schemes
Outline_of_cryptography
Block cipher
AES: 128-bit block size with key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. The number of rounds is 12, 14, or 16, depending on the key size. ARIA uses two 8×8-bit
ARIA_(cipher)
Earliest civilian block ciphers
uses a 48-bit key and operates on 48-bit blocks. The cipher is a substitution–permutation network and uses two 4-bit S-boxes. The key selects which S-boxes
Lucifer_(cipher)
Cryptographic hardware
cipher's key space – that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every possible key. The aim in doing this was to prove that the key size of DES
EFF_DES_cracker
Family of lightweight block ciphers
Simon32 and Simon48 in the known-key distinguishing attack model for certain weak key classes make it through slightly more rounds than the best differential
Simon_(cipher)
Crypyographic attack method
weak keys are generated by the SSL keying process. The Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir (FMS) attack, published in their 2001 paper "Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling
Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack
Fluhrer,_Mantin_and_Shamir_attack
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC2 (also known as ARC2) is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by Ron Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2,
RC2
Block cipher
fulfill were: Any possible key should produce a strong cipher. (Meaning no weak keys, which DES has.) The length of the key and the text should be adjustable
Madryga
Form of cryptanalysis
first is to construct linear equations relating plaintext, ciphertext and key bits that have a high bias; that is, whose probabilities of holding (over
Linear_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Jr. and Daniel Santana de Freitas found large classes of weak keys for Ake98. These weak keys allow a cryptanalysis faster than exhaustive search using
Akelarre_(cipher)
Block cipher
variations key-dependent means that some keys must be weaker than others; the key space is not flat. The chosen key schedule produces a total of 8 permutation
BassOmatic
Block cipher
with key whitening. Subkeys with long runs of ones or zeroes may lead to efficient attacks on MARS. The two least significant bits of round keys used
MARS_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, CAST-128 (alternatively CAST5) is a symmetric-key block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions
CAST-128
Block cipher
the 32 least significant bits of the key prior to encryption and after decryption. KeeLoq cipher accepts 64-bit keys and encrypts 32-bit blocks by executing
KeeLoq
Block cipher
Threefish is a symmetric-key tweakable block cipher designed as part of the Skein hash function, an entry in the NIST hash function competition. Threefish
Threefish
Concept in cryptography
the case of high-quality block ciphers, such a small change in either the key or the plaintext should cause a drastic change in the ciphertext. The actual
Avalanche_effect
Generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack
attack is the primary reason why Double DES is not used and why a Triple DES key (168-bit) can be brute-forced[clarification needed] by an attacker with 256
Meet-in-the-middle_attack
Block cypher operating mode
DESX: XOR a pre-whitening key to the plaintext, encrypt the result with DES using a secret key, and then XOR a postwhitening key to the encrypted result
Xor–encrypt–xor
Type of standardized secure cryptoprocessors
weak RSA key pairs that allowed private keys to be inferred from public keys. As a result, all systems depending upon the privacy of such weak keys are
Trusted_Platform_Module
Block cipher
symmetric block cipher. It supports block sizes of 128, 256 or 512 bits; the key length is either equal to or double the block size. Kalyna was adopted as
Kalyna_(cipher)
Type of cipher
for the encryption of only a single block of data at a time, using a fixed key. A multitude of modes of operation have been designed to allow their repeated
Block_cipher
Block cipher
proposed as the encryption algorithm in a US government-sponsored scheme of key escrow, and the cipher was provided for use in the Clipper chip, implemented
Skipjack_(cipher)
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, According to Ron Rivest, RC stands
RC5
Cryptographic algorithm
size (about 3 times smaller than AES). The block size is 64 bits and the key size can be 80 bit or 128 bit. The non-linear layer is based on a single
PRESENT
Family of block ciphers
block size. The "K-64" denotes a key size of 64 bits. There was some demand for a version with a larger 128-bit key, and the following year Massey published
Secure and Fast Encryption Routine
Secure_and_Fast_Encryption_Routine
Block cipher
In cryptography, CAST-256 (or CAST6) is a symmetric-key block cipher published in June 1998. It was submitted as a candidate for the Advanced Encryption
CAST-256
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
attack is still (as of April 2019[update]) the best publicly known single-key attack on AES. The computational complexity of the attack is 2 126.1 {\displaystyle
Biclique_attack
Block cipher
It has a 320-bit key and uses a 128-bit block in most modes, and also supports a 96-bit electronic codebook mode. 160 bits of the key are checksum material
BATON
Block cipher
In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin to
RC6
Cryptographic algorithm
'data' string using the key K. Decrypt (K, data): use the underlying block cipher in decrypt mode on the 'data' string using the key K. XOR: Bitwise Exclusive-OR
Ciphertext_stealing
Block cipher
though 8 are recommended. The cipher operates on 64-bit blocks and has a key size of 128 bits. MISTY1 has an innovative recursive structure; the round
MISTY1
Block cipher
well. SEED is a 16-round Feistel network with 128-bit blocks and a 128-bit key. It uses two 8 × 8 S-boxes which, like those of SAFER, are derived from discrete
SEED
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
Korean firm SoftForum. Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure with key whitening. The round function uses only XORs and S-box lookups. There are
Zodiac_(cipher)
In programming, a reference which does not protect its object from garbage collection
hash map) whose keys are (references to) objects, for example to hold auxiliary data about objects, using weak references for the keys avoids keeping the
Weak_reference
Attacks against common ciphers
applicable) "related keys" — for related-key attacks, how many related key queries are needed Attacks that lead to disclosure of the key or plaintext. Attacks
Cipher_security_summary
Internet-like structure connecting everyday physical objects
proposed by many researchers to resolve the issue of SSH weak implementation and weak keys. IoT security within the field of manufacturing presents different
Internet_of_things
Block cipher
symmetric-key block cipher published by Matthew Kwan in 1997. The algorithm is similar in structure to DES, but with the addition of a key-dependent bit
ICE_(cipher)
Block cipher
(((z>>5^y<<2) + (y>>3^z<<4)) ^ ((sum^y) + (key[(p&3)^e] ^ z))) void btea(uint32_t *v, int n, uint32_t const key[4]) { uint32_t y, z, sum; unsigned p, rounds
XXTEA
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
amount of time it takes to retrieve the secret message without having the key could have wide implications. The method has a high work-factor, which unless
XSL_attack
Cryptology method
random keys, but instead chose weak keys such as "AAA", "ABC", and "SSS". The Poles later used the doubled weak keys to find the unknown daily keys. The
Grill_(cryptology)
Block cipher
complex, processing the key with SXAL itself, beginning with a null key and using permuted intermediate results as later keys. MBAL is an encryption algorithm
SXAL/MBAL
Cryptographic attack
768 kilobytes of the generator output as a correctly guessed key would. As a rule, the weaker the correlation between an individual register and the generator
Correlation_attack
Block cipher and message authentication code
use separate subkeys, and the multipliers are forced to be odd, the total key size is 374 bits. The name MultiSwap comes from the cipher's multiplications
MultiSwap
Block cipher
vulnerable to related key cryptanalysis. John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner showed how it can be broken with one related key query and about 2
3-Way
Block ciphers
inventors proved that an attack on either BEAR or LION that recovers the key would break both the stream cipher and the hash. Hoang, Viet Tung; Rogaway
BEAR_and_LION_ciphers
Block cipher
In cryptography, MAGENTA is a symmetric key block cipher developed by Michael Jacobson Jr. and Klaus Huber for Deutsche Telekom. The name MAGENTA is an
MAGENTA
Form of cryptanalysis
Q'=\Delta } . One attack on KASUMI, a block cipher used in 3GPP, is a related-key rectangle attack which breaks the full eight rounds of the cipher faster
Boomerang_attack
Family of block ciphers
Zheng (eds), Springer-Verlag, 1993. Lars R. Knudsen, "New Potentially 'Weak' Keys for DES and LOKI", in Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT'94, LNCS 950
LOKI
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
Girl/Female
Indian
Peak
Boy/Male
Arabic
One who has Weak Eyes
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Peak
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Week
Surname or Lastname
English (Northumbria)
English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived by the Wear river in northern England. The river name is ancient, occuring in the form Vedra in Ptolemy’s Geographia; it is probably a Celtic word meaning ‘water’.English (Northumbria) : topographic name for someone who lived near a dam or weir, a variant spelling of Ware 1, or a habitational name from a place called Weare, in Devon and Somerset, from Old English wær, wer ‘weir’.
Boy/Male
Spanish
Weak.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Peak
Boy/Male
Hindu
Peak
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Peak
Boy/Male
Biblical
Weak, slacked.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Weak
Biblical
weak; slacked
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living by a pointed hill (or regional name from the Peak District (Old English Pēaclond) in Derbyshire), named with Old English pēac ‘peak’, ‘pointed hill’ (found only in place names). This word is not directly related to Old English pīc ‘point’, ‘pointed hill’, which yielded Pike; there is, however, some evidence of confusion between the two surnames.Possibly also Irish : reduced form of McPeak.Major concentrations of the surname Peak are found in Staffordshire and the West Country of England. Among the earliest known bearers are Richard del Pech or del Pek (d. 1196), son of Rannulf, sheriff of Nottingham, and Willielmus Piec (Winchester 1194). A century later, c.1284, a certain Richard del Peke settled in Denbighshire (now part of Clwyd), Wales, receiving lands from Henry de Lacey, earl of Lincoln, in return for helping to control the region. His descendants, who bear the name Peak(e), can be traced to the present day, and are found in New Zealand and Canada as well as in Britain. Peake is also the name of a family descended from John Pyke, who paid rent to the abbot of Leicester in 1477. The name took various forms, such as Peke and Pick, eventually becoming established as Peak in the 17th century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Leake.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Week.
Boy/Male
Australian, Hindu, Indian
Peak
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, French, German, Hebrew
Hair; Lovelorn; Delicate; Weak
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Wick, specifically a habitational name from any of various places called Week or Weeke, notably in Cornwall, Hampshire, and Somerset.Americanized spelling of Norwegian or Swedish Vik.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Peak
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Speak True; Lion; Kind; God
Girl/Female
Muslim
Garden. Paradise. Highest garden in paradise.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva, King of the art of dancing, King among actors
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Durga; That which Tears
Girl/Female
Tamil
It is a name of a flower. it is a white small delicate flower with nice scent
Boy/Male
English American
Cliffs. Abbreviation of Cleveland.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
One Liked by Pupil
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, French, German, Italian
Light; Famous Warrior
Boy/Male
Tamil
Athisman | அதீஸà¯à®®à®¾à®¨
Female
Greek
(Αελλα) Greek and Latin variant form of Greek Aellô, AELLA means "storm wind; whirlwind." In Greek mythology, this is the name of an Amazon warrior who was killed by Herakles. She was known for wielding a double-axe.Â
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
WEAK KEY
v. i.
Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine.
v. i.
Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship.
v. i.
Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty.
v. i.
Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant.
n.
The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc.
v. i.
To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.
v. i.
Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate.
v. i.
Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state.
v. i.
Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style.
a.
Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease; feebleminded; foolish; idiotic.
v. i.
Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case.
v. i.
Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue.
v. i.
Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market.
v.
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape; as, a leak in a roof; a leak in a boat; a leak in a gas pipe.
a.
To make or become weak; to weaken.
v. i.
Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope.
a.
Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution.
v. t.
To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole.
v. i.
Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army.
v. i.
Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress.