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Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417
The Western Schism, also known as the Great Divide, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Western Schism (Latin: Magnum schisma
Western_Schism
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
The East–West Schism, also known as the Great Schism or the Schism of 1054, is the break of communion between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox
East–West_Schism
Italian bishop and Pisan antipope from 1410 to 1415
November 1419) was Pisan antipope as John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church today regards him as an antipope in opposition
Antipope_John_XXIII
Division between people in an organization or group
A schism (/ˈsɪzəm, ˈskɪz-/ SIZ-əm, SKIZ-, or (less commonly) /ˈʃɪzəm/ SHIZ-əm) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement
Schism
In Christianity, a schism occurs when a single religious body divides and becomes two separate religious bodies. The split can be violent or nonviolent
List of schisms in Christianity
List_of_schisms_in_Christianity
Book of biographies of popes
(1362–1370) to Pope Martin V (1417–1431), encompassing the period of the Western Schism. A later recension of this continuation was expanded under Pope Eugene
Liber_Pontificalis
Topics referred to by the same term
Catholic Church, beginning in 1054 Western Schism, a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 Schism, a division between people, usually
Great_Schism
Position in the Catholic Church
College of Cardinals, separated into three groups to account for the Western Schism, which ended after the Council of Constance. The earliest attested reference
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean_of_the_College_of_Cardinals
Instability in 14th–15th century Europe
and the Bulgarian–Ottoman wars. The Catholic Church underwent the Western Schism, and the Holy Roman Empire lost much of its central authority following
Crisis of the late Middle Ages
Crisis_of_the_late_Middle_Ages
Valencian Dominican friar (1350–1419)
supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has
Vincent_Ferrer
Resignation of the pope of the Catholic Church
renunciation. Gregory XII (1406–1415) resigned in 1415 in order to end the Western Schism, which had reached the point where there were three claimants to the
Papal_renunciation
Period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France (1309–1376)
referred to as the "Western Schism" or "the great controversy of the antipopes" by some Catholic scholars and "the second great schism" by many secular and
Avignon_Papacy
List of bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion: Bishops of Agaunum (Octodurum) loyal to Avignon loyal to Rome Zenhäusern, Gregor. "Sion (diocèse)"
List_of_bishops_of_Sion
Queen of Naples from 1343 to 1381
undermined her position with the Holy See; moreover afterwards, during the Western Schism, she chose to support the Avignon Papacy against Pope Urban VI, who
Joanna_I_of_Naples
influence in the High Middle Ages, but with the Avignon Papacy and the Western Schism, the city of Rome was reduced to irrelevance, its population falling
History_of_Rome
Resolution of the Western Schism
ecumenical council convened in the Holy Roman Empire. The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining papal claimants
Council_of_Constance
Roman Catholic archdiocese in Italy
papacy, without an intervening archbishop. At the beginning of the Western Schism, in 1378, Bishop Eleazarius de Sabrano chose to support Urban VI, and
Archdiocese_of_Chieti-Vasto
Period of European history between AD 1300 and 1500
the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the crisis of the late
Late_Middle_Ages
Archive of the Holy See
in 1314, 1319, and 1320. Antipopes also had their own archives. The Western Schism saw two sets of papal archives being developed simultaneously; this
Vatican_Apostolic_Archive
Roman Catholic diocese in Italy
by Pope Gregory XI. He sided with the obedience of Avignon in the Great Schism. He died on 8 November 1392. Cappelletti I, p. 473. Eubel I, pp. 21, no
Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri–Segni
Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Velletri–Segni
Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants
List_of_popes
claims. The East-West Schism, or Great Schism, separated the Church into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches, i.e., Western Catholicism and Eastern
Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages
to Rome after the Avignon Papacy was followed by the Western Schism: the division of the Western Church between two and, for a time, three competing papal
History_of_the_papacy
Head of the Catholic Church from 1406 to 1415
Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedict XIII and the Pisan
Pope_Gregory_XII
Palace in Pyrénées-Orientales, France
Antipope Benedict XIII to resign his office and bring an end to the Western Schism through the Council of Constance. On 20 September 1415, the Emperor
Palace of the Kings of Majorca
Palace_of_the_Kings_of_Majorca
King of England from 1413 to 1422
strict orthodoxy, crushing the Lollard movement and helping to end the Western Schism at the Council of Constance. His later fame has rested above all on
Henry_V_of_England
14th-century plague pandemic
the time, Pope Clement VI resided in present-day Avignon during the Western Schism, and issued his condemnations of the Jewish persecutions during the
Black_Death_in_France
French mystic
the Gasque, was a French mystic who was active during the time of the Western Schism. Robine's hometown was Héchac, near Soublecause in what is now Hautes-Pyrénées
Marie_Robine
Head of the Catholic Church from 1404 to 1406
the Western Schism (1378–1417), and was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedict XIII. Despite good intentions, he did little to end the schism, owing
Pope_Innocent_VII
Papal claimant from 1409 to 1410 (c. 1339 – 1410)
was a claimant to papacy elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from 26 June 1409 to his death in 1410
Antipope_Alexander_V
14th- to 16th-century Catholic movement
even if opposed by, the pope. The movement emerged in response to the Western Schism between rival popes in Rome and Avignon. It was proposed that both popes
Conciliarism
among western monks played a part in the Renaissance of the 12th century and the later Scientific Revolution. In the 14th century, the Western Schism and
History_of_Christianity
Head of the Catholic Church from 1370 to 1378
Avignon, in modern-day France. His death was swiftly followed by the Western Schism involving two Avignon-based antipopes. Pierre Roger de Beaufort was
Pope_Gregory_XI
Period of papal history (1417–1500s)
The Renaissance period in papal history was between the Western Schism and the Reformation. From the election of Pope Martin V of the Council of Constance
Papacy_during_the_Renaissance
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
Christian church with the East–West Schism of 1054. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control
Middle_Ages
Topics referred to by the same term
Rome–Constantinople schism may refer to: Rome–Constantinople schism of 484, also known in Western sources as the Acacian Schism Rome–Constantinople schism of 863,
Rome–Constantinople_schism
French Catholic bishop, cardinal and blessed
as well as for his dedication to the faithful and tried to end the Western Schism that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers. His efforts
Pierre_de_Luxembourg
Topics referred to by the same term
Church; sometimes called The Great Schism Western Schism (1378–1417), a split within the Roman Catholic Church Schism of 1552 (1552), a split within the
Schism_(disambiguation)
14th century saw major developments in Christianity, including the Western Schism, the decline of the Crusades, and the appearance of precursors to Protestantism
Christianity in the 14th century
Christianity_in_the_14th_century
Head of the Catholic Church from 1417 to 1431
1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417. As of 2026, he remains the last pope to have taken the
Pope_Martin_V
Roman Catholic diocese in Rome, Italy
O.S.B. 1373–1377 Bertrand Lagier, 1378 (sided with Avignon in the Great Schism) Philippe of Alençon, 1388–1397 (also Cardinal-bishop of Sabina, 1380–1388)
Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia
Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Ostia
1257–1281 Orvieto, 1262–1297 Perugia, 1228–1304 Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) Western Schism (1378–1417) Early Modern and Modern Era Papacy during the Renaissance
List of popes who died violently
List_of_popes_who_died_violently
Agreements ending the Western Schism
the aftermath of the Council of Constance (1414–18) that ended the Western Schism. The French and German concordats were signed on 15 April 1418, the
Concordats_of_Constance
Latin Catholic diocese in Italy
The Diocese of Suelli (Latin: Dioecesis Suellitana) was a Roman Catholic diocese, whose episcopal seat was located in the town of Suelli in the Province
Roman Catholic Diocese of Suelli
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Suelli
Head of the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1389
marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile
Pope_Urban_VI
Calendar year
a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. January 12 – Western Schism: King Charles VI of France sends a letter to the Antipope Benedict XIII
1408
Italian cardinal
was an Italian cardinal from the 14th and 15th century, during the Western Schism. Other members of his family were also created cardinals: Landolfo Brancaccio
Rinaldo_Brancaccio
Antipope from 1378 to 1394
first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism. The son of Count Amadeus III of Geneva, Robert became archbishop of
Antipope_Clement_VII
Uncanonical Cardinals appointed by antipopes
Western Schism, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism
Pseudocardinal
Frequens (Frequent) is the name for the decree passed at the Council of Constance on October 9, 1417; it was supposed to ensure that the Pope convened
Frequens
Calendar year
split within the Catholic Church becomes known as the Western Schism, also known as the Great Schism. France, Aragon, Castile and León, Cyprus, Burgundy
1378
Roman Catholic diocese in France (? - c. 1790/1801)
The Diocese of Bazas, centred on Bazas in Aquitaine, covered the Bazadais region, known under the Romans as the Vasatensis pagus after the ancient occupants
Ancient_Diocese_of_Bazas
Antipope from 1394 to 1423
nobleman who was antipope with the regnal name Benedict XIII during the Western Schism. Pedro Martínez de Luna was born at Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon (part
Antipope_Benedict_XIII
French dynastic war from 1407 to 1435
the Hundred Years' War against the English and overlapped with the Western Schism of the papacy. The leaders of both parties were closely related to the
Armagnac–Burgundian_Civil_War
experiences of the Great Western Schism", in J. Rollo-Koster and T. M. Izbicki, eds, A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417) (BRILL, 2009)
Education in Medieval Scotland
Education_in_Medieval_Scotland
Amedeo di Saluzzo (1361 – 28 June 1419) was a cardinal during the Western Schism. He was born as the second son of Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo and
Amedeo_di_Saluzzo
Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
of cardinals appointed by Pope Martin V upon the conclusion of the Western Schism. His intellect and diplomacy made him a powerful agent first as part
Julian_Cesarini
Contentious reginal numbers of popes named John
older works. During the Western Schism, there were two claimants to the papacy. The Council of Pisa (1409) tried to end the schism by electing Alexander
Pope_John_numbering
Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. "The Universal Church and Schisms". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K. "Two natures of Christ
List_of_Christian_heresies
public library membership required.) "Munden, Alan; Thomas Snow and the Western Schism; Churchman Vol 125/4 (2011)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
James_Harington_Evans
1409 ecumenical council of the Catholic Church
1409. It attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing both Benedict XIII (Avignon) and Gregory XII (Rome) for schism and manifest heresy. The College
Council_of_Pisa
2013 resignation of the pope
the office since Gregory XII quit the papacy in 1415 to help end the Western Schism. All other popes in the modern era have held the position from election
Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI
One hundred years, from 1401 to 1500
papacy was split in two parts in Europe for decades (the so-called Western Schism), until the Council of Constance. The division of the Catholic Church
15th_century
Schism (484–519) between Eastern and Western Christianity
The Acacian schism, between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches, lasted 35 years, from 484 to 519. It resulted from a drift in the leaders of Eastern
Acacian_schism
Cooperation between Christian denominations
Catholic Church separated from them, instigating a rift in Western Christianity. This schism created the Mainline Protestant churches, including especially
Ecumenism
Christian church based in Rome
the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire, when he established the state church of the Roman Empire. Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern
Catholic_Church
Roman prelate
in Velabro from 1371 until his death shortly after the start of the Western Schism. A member of the Orsini family, Giacomo was born around 1350. His mother
Giacomo_Orsini_(cardinal)
Ephesus, who held that Rome continued in both heresy and schism. It seemed that the Great Schism had been ended. However, upon their return, the Eastern
Christianity in the 15th century
Christianity_in_the_15th_century
Latin Catholic diocese in Italy
who had embarked on a project to repair the damages caused by the Western Schism (1378–1417), appointed the Bishop of Dolia, Nicholas de Pinu, his Nuncio
Roman Catholic Diocese of Dolia
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dolia
Split between the patriarchates of Constantinople and Moscow
The 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism is an ongoing schism between the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC, also known as the Moscow Patriarchate) and the Ecumenical
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
2018_Moscow–Constantinople_schism
1409 decree by King Wenceslaus IV
Wenceslaus to take a neutral attitude between the two rival popes in the Western Schism. Wenceslaus himself hoped for support of a new Pope to regain the German
Decree_of_Kutná_Hora
1415 document regarding papal supremacy
in those matters which pertain to the faith, the eradication of the said schism and the general reform of the said church of God in head and members.
Haec_sancta_synodus
Subregion of the European continent
the East–West Schism divided Christianity into Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity. This split Europe in two, with Western Europe primarily
Western_Europe
French scholar, educator, reformer and poet (1363–1429)
in reforming the university studies, maturing plans for overcoming the schism (a task which after 1404 absorbed all his energies), and in the evening
Jean_Gerson
Head of the Catholic Church from 1389 to 1404
his death, in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope during the Western Schism. In this time, the Avignon claimants, Clement VII and Benedict XIII
Pope_Boniface_IX
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
summarised in the Nicene Creed in 325. Its western text contained a unilateral addition which contributed to the schism between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Reformation
French polymath (1623–1662)
Bernard of Clairvaux Late Middle Ages Thomas Aquinas Pope Boniface VIII Western Schism Avignon Papacy Pope Clement V Council of Vienne Knights Templar Catherine
Blaise_Pascal
King of England from 1377 to 1399
had diplomatic significance; in the division of Europe caused by the Western Schism, Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire were seen as potential allies against
Richard_II_of_England
German Dominican theologian and writer
prominence in medieval history is due partly to the share he took in the Western Schism, but chiefly to his involving himself in the long-standing disputes
John_of_Falkenberg
the religious orders were the Black Death (1346–1353) and the Great Western Schism (1378–1417). Calls for reform were not new. The observant movement is
Observantism
King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 to 1382
religious during the last years of his life. At the beginning of the Western Schism, he acknowledged Urban VI as the legitimate pope. After Urban deposed
Louis_I_of_Hungary
Head of the Catholic Church
Various Antipopes challenged papal authority, especially during the Western Schism (1378–1417). It came to a close when the Council of Constance, at the
Pope
important member of the papal curia at Avignon, at the time of the Western Schism. He was the brother of Étienne de La Grange, an advisor to the king
Jean_de_La_Grange
Historian
Saint Peter: Empty Sees, Violence, and the Initiation of the Great Western Schism (1378), 2008, Brill, ISBN 9789047433118 The People of Curial Avignon:
Joëlle_Rollo-Koster
Person who claims to be the legitimate pope
(anti-kings) in Germany to overcome a particular emperor.[citation needed] The Western Schism – which began in 1378, when the French cardinals, claiming that the
Antipope
Associations of Italian scholars
the Italian Renaissance, at the height of which (from the end of the Western Schism in 1417 to the mid-16th century) the two main intellectual centers were
Roman_academies
the Crown of Castile met in Medina del Campo to discuss the ongoing Western Schism and decide which claimant to the papacy Castile should support. This
Assembly_of_Medina_del_Campo
planned Council of Pisa, which was organised to end the long-continued Western Schism. The French King not only withdrew obedience and undertook neutrality
Council_of_Perpignan
King of Bohemia (1378–1419) and Germany (1376–1400)
Pope Eugene IV in 1433. The bishops and secular leaders, tired of the Western Schism, supported Sigismund when he called the Council of Constance in 1414
Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia
a name assumed by one of the pseudo-prophets during the time of the Western Schism. As an pseudonymous author of a Latin work Liber de magnis tribulationibus
Telesphorus_of_Cosenza
Conflict between the papacy and Holy Roman Empire
which forced the Pope to resettle to Avignon and later escalated in the Western Schism and Italian Wars. In the 12th century, following the Gregorian Reform
Clash between the Church and the Empire
Clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire
Italian saint
During the wars between the pope in Rome and various anti-popes in the Western Schism of the Catholic Church, Lorenzo served the former. According to one
Frances_of_Rome
dominated by the Western Schism, a thirty-nine-year dispute over the legitimate occupant of the Roman Catholic papacy. At the beginning of the Schism in 1378,
Third regency of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
Third_regency_of_Robert_Stewart,_Duke_of_Albany
Name list
name assumed by a 14th-century pseudo-prophet during the time of the Western Schism Telesphorus (mythology), an ancient Greek minor god Télesphore (disambiguation)
Telesphorus
Donatian's in 1387 and was installed on 22 March 1388. In 1394, during the Western Schism, he was deprived of his prebend due to his loyalty to Pope Boniface
Joris_van_der_Paele
factions of the Roman nobility. The Avignon papacy, followed by the Western Schism, weakened the papacy's authority when there were two popes between 1378
Medieval_Restorationism
Leading member of the Dominican Order
also for the return of the papacy to Rome and for a solution to the Western Schism. The important mystic and author, Catherine of Siena, accepted him as
Raymond_of_Capua
Italian jurist and canon lawyer
the most prominent defender of Pope Urban VI at the outbreak of the Western Schism. John was born in Legnano. He was a doctor utriusque iuris, in both
John_of_Legnano
Religious category of the Latin Church, Protestantism, and their derivatives
disagreement over doctrine and ecclesiology and ultimately to schism. Like Eastern Christianity, Western Christianity traces its roots directly to the apostles
Western_Christianity
send an answer and an envoy shortly before Timur's death in 1405. The Western Schism had begun in 1378 and was still plaguing the papacy when Boniface IX
Crusades_of_the_15th_century
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WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Midlands) and Scottish
English (chiefly Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Midlands) and Scottish : occupational name for a weaver, early Middle English webber, agent derivative of Webb.The name Webster was brought to North America from England independently by several different bearers in the 17th and 18th centuries. One John Webster settled in Ipswich, MA, in 1635; another John Webster (d. 1661), ancestor of the lexicographer Noah Webster, emigrated to Cambridge, MA, in about 1631 and later became one of the founders of the colony of CT, of which he was appointed governor in 1656.
Female
English
Medieval Latin form of Persian Esther, HESTER means "star."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of numerous places named Weston, from Old English west ‘west’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.English : variant of Whetstone.
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Wester Town-name of a Place; West Town; From the Western Settlement
Male
English
Short form of English Sylvester, VESTER means "from the forest."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a jester, Middle English gester.German : from the Germanic personal name Gastharo, composed of the elements gast ‘warrior’ + heri ‘army’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English
West Town; From the Western Settlement
Boy/Male
British, English
West Town; From the Western Settlement
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German stern, German Stern ‘star’, a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a star, or a Jewish ornamental name.English : nickname for a severe person, from Middle English stern(e) ‘strict’, ‘austere’.
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, from early Middle English webber, WEBSTER means "weaver."
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern)
English (eastern) : variant of Raymond.
Surname or Lastname
English (eastern counties)
English (eastern counties) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English wester or westerne ‘western’ + mann ‘man’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived to the west of a settlement, or a regional name for one who had migrated from further west.Americanized spelling of Westermann.
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Persian Esther, ESTER means "star."
Male
Scottish
Medieval Scottish form of Latin Crescentius, KESTER means "to spring up, grow, thrive."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of West.
Boy/Male
English
West town. Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for someone who looked after animals, Middle English bester, from beste ‘beast’ (see Best).German : habitational name for someone from a place called Beste.Slovenian (Gorenjska; also Bešter) : probably a derivative of Vester 3, a reduced form of the personal name Silvester. Replacement of initial V- with B- is quite common in Slovenian surnames.
Male
English
Low German pet form of Latin Silvester, FESTER means "from the forest."
Female
Finnish
Finnish form of Persian Esther, ESTERI means "star."
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
WESTERN SCHISM
n.
That in which any person or thing welters, or wallows; filth; mire; slough.
v. t.
To cause to fester or rankle.
a.
Of or pertaining to the west; toward the west; coming from the west; western.
superl.
Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a sternresolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree.
a.
Having a paddle wheel at the stern; as, a stern-wheel steamer.
v. t.
To present with a tester.
n.
A sixpence; a tester.
a.
Going toward the east, or in the direction of east; as, an eastern voyage.
a.
Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits.
a.
Of or pertaining to the west; situated in the west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as, the western shore of France; the western ocean.
n.
A rising or falling, as of waves; as, the welter of the billows; the welter of a tempest.
n.
An official of the Eastern Church, resembling a sacrist in the Western Church.
a.
Moving toward the west; as, a ship makes a western course; coming from the west; as, a western breeze.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, the most heavily weighted race in a meeting; as, a welter race; the welter stakes.
n. pl.
A tribe of Lenni-Lenape Indians who formerly inhabited Western Connecticut and Eastern New York.
adv.
In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go astern.
a.
Western; occidental.
a.
Western; occidental.
a.
Situated or dwelling in the east; oriental; as, an eastern gate; Eastern countries.
n.
To generate pus; to become imflamed and suppurate; as, a sore or a wound festers.
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