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Integral membrane protein
An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) or a cholinergic receptor is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of acetylcholine, a
Acetylcholine_receptor
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of nicotine
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of muscarine
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor
Organic chemical and neurotransmitter
nicotine are derived from its effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain. Acetylcholine is a choline molecule that has been acetylated at
Acetylcholine
Type of cell receptor found in humans
The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting
Alpha-7_nicotinic_receptor
Protein and coding gene in humans
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, also known as cholinergic/acetylcholine receptor M3, or the muscarinic 3, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor encoded
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M3
Drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors
A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, also simply known as a muscarinic antagonist or as an antimuscarinic agent, is a type of anticholinergic
Muscarinic_antagonist
Receptor protein found in humans
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M2
Parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors
binding of ACh to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; such agents do not antagonize the binding at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
Anticholinergic
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor M1, also known as the Cholinergic receptor, Muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M1
Type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting
Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
Alpha-3_beta-4_nicotinic_receptor
Substance that mimics stimulation of cholinergic receptors
nicotinic or muscarinic receptors (thus mimicking acetylcholine), or indirectly by inhibiting cholinesterase, promoting acetylcholine release, or other mechanisms
Parasympathomimetic_drug
Activator of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
acetylcholine receptor agonist, also known as a muscarinic agonist or as a muscarinic agent, is an agent that activates the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic_agonist
Protein-coding gene
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M4
Drug that binds to and activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR is named for its affinity for
Nicotinic_agonist
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5, encoded by the CHRM5 gene, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M5
Type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
The alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α4β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in learning, consisting
Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor
Alpha-4_beta-2_nicotinic_receptor
Type of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
The alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β2 subunits
Alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor
Alpha-3_beta-2_nicotinic_receptor
Investigational substance-related disorder drugs
inhibitor (NDRI), nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, CYP2D6 inhibitor) and dextromethorphan (DXM) (NMDA receptor antagonist, serotonin reuptake
List of investigational substance-related disorder drugs
List_of_investigational_substance-related_disorder_drugs
Type of paralyzing anesthetic including lepto- and pachycurares
This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors. In clinical use, neuromuscular block is used adjunctively to
Neuromuscular-blocking_drug
Investigational cognition and memory disorder drugs
GSK1043702) – muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor agonist [29] HTL-9936 (HTL-0009936) – muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor agonist [30] Idebenone (Avan;
List of investigational cognition and memory disorder drugs
List_of_investigational_cognition_and_memory_disorder_drugs
Drug that blocks histamine or histamine agonists
excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate and acetylcholine via stimulation of H1 receptors in the cerebral cortex. Consequently, unlike the H1-antihistamines
Antihistamine
Agent which mimics choline
releasing acetylcholine, or butyrylcholine ("indirect-acting"), or mimicking their behaviours at one or more of the body's acetylcholine receptor ("direct-acting")
Cholinergic
Junction between motor neuron and muscle fiber
release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)
Neuromuscular_junction
receptor is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor consisting of the subunit combination (α1)2β1δε (adult receptor) or (α1)2β1δγ (fetal receptor)
Muscle-type nicotinic receptor
Muscle-type_nicotinic_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7, also known as nAChRα7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA7 gene. The protein encoded
CHRNA7
Chemical agents that inhibit Cholinesterase
neuromuscular junctions, the synaptic clefts of which are rich in acetylcholine receptors. ChEIs are indirect-acting parasympathomimetic drugs. Both the
Cholinesterase_inhibitor
Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane
transmembrane receptors are GPCR and single-pass transmembrane proteins. In some receptors, such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the transmembrane
Cell_surface_receptor
French neuroscientist (born 1936)
MWC model, the identification and purification of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the theory of epigenesis by synapse selection and the global neuronal
Jean-Pierre_Changeux
Lower respiratory tract disease that affects the airways leading into the lungs
and ipratropium bromide (all of which act as receptor antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors) are effective for treating asthma and COPD-related
Bronchospasm
Drug that induces convulsions
Quisqualic acid Tetrazolylglycine Acetylcholine receptor agonists are drugs that activate the acetylcholine receptors. Anatoxin-a Pilocarpine Camphor injections
Convulsant
Chemical compound and essential nutrient
of phospholipids and cell membranes. Choline is used to synthesize acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control and numerous functions
Choline
Voltages associated with muscle fibre
(mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic
End-plate_potential
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
which results from antibodies that block or destroy nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the junction between the nerve and muscle. This prevents
Myasthenia_gravis
Drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These compounds are mainly used for peripheral
Nicotinic_antagonist
Compound that activates dopamine receptors
A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine D2 receptors and belong to one of two different subclasses: ergoline and non-ergoline. Examples
Dopamine_agonist
Toxin protein
acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the kappa-bungarotoxin family with neuronal nAChRs, and muscarinic toxins with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs)
Three-finger_toxin
Nicotinic receptor involved in pain regulation
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5 (or α5 nAChR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA5 gene. This protein is a type of ligand
CHRNA5
Compounds found in cannabis
suggests additional receptors may exist. The human brain has more cannabinoid receptors than any other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) type. The endocannabinoid
Cannabinoid
Pest worm of tomato, potato, and others
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockers (15), ecdysone receptor agonists (18), volgate-gated sodium channel blockers (22A and 22B), ryanodine receptor modulators
Tuta_absoluta
Recreational drug beverage
Acetylcholine receptor modulators v t e Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators mAChRsTooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors Agonists 77-LH-28-1
Lean_(drug)
Behavioral measure in animals
These drugs likewise induce stereotypies. Non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, or antimuscarinics, such as atropine, hyoscyamine,
Locomotor_activity
Chemical compound
neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline, in combination with acetyl-CoA, is catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce acetylcholine and coenzyme
Acetyl-CoA
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
are the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and NMDA receptor and their respective agonists. For the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is a G protein-coupled
Agonist
Chemical stimulant produced by some plants
primarily as a stimulant by binding to and activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues.
Nicotine
Short-acting barbiturate
barbiturates, pentobarbital binds to the barbiturate-binding site on the GABAA receptor. This action increases the duration of ion-channel opening. At high doses
Pentobarbital
Medical condition
termed neonatal myasthenia gravis), and its more severe form, fetal acetylcholine receptor inactivation syndrome (i.e., FARIS), is one of the various types
Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis
Transient_neonatal_myasthenia_gravis
Drug which blocks dopamine receptors
anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. Most antipsychotics
Dopamine_antagonist
Protein molecule receiving signals for a cell
particular receptor is referred to as its endogenous ligand. E.g. the endogenous ligand for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is acetylcholine, but it
Receptor_(biochemistry)
Substance that binds to a receptor to change its response to stimuli
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-targeted therapeutics: advantages and limitations". Biochemical Pharmacology. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Therapeutic
Allosteric_modulator
Barbiturate general anesthetic
GABAA receptor channel is one of several representatives. This superfamily of ion channels includes the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)
Sodium_thiopental
Chemical compound
infestations in both humans and animals. Levamisole works as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist that causes continued stimulation of the parasitic worm
Levamisole
Group of pharmaceuticals that modulate the renin–angiotensin system
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Angiotensin_II_receptor_blocker
Chemical compound
cobras. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist which causes paralysis by preventing the binding of acetylcholine to the nAChR. α-Cobratoxin
Cobratoxin
Class of medications
cell H2 receptors, which stimulate acid secretion; therefore, other substances that promote acid secretion (such as gastrin and acetylcholine) have a
H2_receptor_antagonist
Nicotinic receptor agonist
of dry eye syndrome. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. When activated, this receptor leads to the release of dopamine in the
Varenicline
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
concentrations of (R,S)-ketamine metabolites inhibit acetylcholine-evoked currents in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Eur J Pharmacol. 698 (1–3): 228–34. doi:10
Ketamine
Toxic chemical from some poison dart frogs
neurotoxin that interferes with nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors are involved in the transmission of painful sensations
Epibatidine
Drugs that block the action of histamine
acetylcholine receptor (anticholinergic) antagonists as well. These agents also commonly have action at α-adrenergic receptors and/or 5-HT receptors.
H1_antagonist
Medication type
nervous system, often by acting as a nicotinic receptor antagonist. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on skeletal muscle, but also within the
Ganglionic_blocker
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2 Acetylcholine receptor (Cholinergic receptor) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Muscarinic
Adrenergic_receptor
Investigational antipsychotics
Direclidine (HTL-0016878; NBI-1117568; NBI-568) – muscarinic acetylcholine M4 receptor agonist – schizophrenia [4] Evenamide (EA-8001; NW-3509; NW-3509A)
List of investigational antipsychotics
List_of_investigational_antipsychotics
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
DJ (January 2005). "Intravenous anaesthetics inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents and Ca2+ transients in rat intracardiac ganglion
Barbiturate
Protein-coding gene in humans
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3, also known as nAChRα3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA3 gene. The protein encoded
CHRNA3
Class of anesthetics
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly
NMDA_receptor_antagonist
Drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors
that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors. The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3, although there are
Adrenergic_agonist
Class of drugs
selectively stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses, α1 and α2. Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic
Alpha-adrenergic_agonist
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist Methylhomatropine – an anticholinergic (acetylcholine receptor antagonist) Methylnaltrexone – a μ-opioid receptor antagonist
Peripherally_selective_drug
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than
Receptor_antagonist
Aminosteroid muscle relaxant
competitively inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction by blocking the binding of acetylcholine. It has slight vagolytic activity
Pancuronium_bromide
15, 2015) was a research biochemist who specialized in studying acetylcholine receptors. Hess developed laser pulse photolysis and a quench flow technique
George_Paul_Hess
Protein-coding gene in humans
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-1, also known as nAChRα1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA1 gene. The protein encoded
CHRNA1
Species of snake
adult mouse acetylcholine receptor relies upon several amino acid residues unique to the epsilon subunit of the adult mouse acetylcholine receptor. Waglerin-1's
Tropidolaemus_wagleri
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It consists of a pentamer of protein subunits (typically ααβγδ), with two binding sites for acetylcholine (one at the
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Alkaloid found in tobacco
cotinine binds to, activates, and desensitizes neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, though at much lower potency in comparison. It has demonstrated
Cotinine
Chemical compound
levels are elevated. The brain preferentially uses choline to synthesize acetylcholine. This limits the amount of choline available to synthesize phosphatidylcholine
Citicoline
Category of drug
A GABA receptor agonist is a drug that is an agonist for one or more of the GABA receptors, producing typically sedative effects, and may also cause other
GABA_receptor_agonist
Protein-coding gene in humans
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB1 gene. The muscle acetylcholine receptor is composed of five subunits:
CHRNB1
Deadly nightshade, a flowering plant
2011-10-15. Pepeu, Giancarlo; Giovannini, Maria Grazia (2004). "Acetylcholine: I. Muscarinic Receptors". In Gernot Riedel; Bettina Platt (eds.). From messengers
Atropa_bella-donna
Chemical compound
selective negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). It produces anxiolytic-, anti-stress-, and antidepressant-like
Soclenicant
Regulation of neurons by neurotransmitters
support both theories. Acetylcholine binds to both metabotropic muscarinic receptors (mAChR) and the ionotropic nicotinic receptors (nAChR). The cholinergic
Neuromodulation
Medical condition
is associated with antibodies against the ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric ganglia. Typical symptoms
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
Autoimmune_autonomic_ganglionopathy
Protein-coding gene
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNE gene. Acetylcholine receptors at mature mammalian neuromuscular
CHRNE
Tropane alkaloid
antagonists of all five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Antagonism of both the muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor and M2 receptor has been implicated as having
Hyoscyamine
Group of chemical substances used as poison
relaxant that blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), one of the two types of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, at the neuromuscular junction.
Curare
Ionotropic serotonin receptor
5-HT3 receptors have a negligible permeability to anions. They are most closely related by homology to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The 5-HT3
5-HT3_receptor
Genus of poisonous, potentially psychoactive plants
Acetylcholine receptor modulators v t e Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators mAChRsTooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors Agonists 77-LH-28-1
Datura
Diazirine analog of acetylcholine
of acetylcholine that can be used to label the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. TDBzcholine is able to bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Once
TDBzcholine
Chemical compound
research in this area is ongoing, and the development of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists is ongoing. No agents from this class have successfully
Tebanicline
Medical condition
Muscle spasm: stimulation of skeletal muscle (due to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation) Diaphoresis: increased sweating Bronchial secretions[citation
Cholinergic_crisis
Chemical compound
competitively and in a relatively irreversible manner to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor found at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis, respiratory
Α-Bungarotoxin
Measure of relative response to a drug
evaluation of a conditionally-silent agonist for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 23 (14): 4145–4149.
Intrinsic_activity
Pertaining to adrenaline or noradrenaline, or their receptors
distinct cell types in the adult human body Cholinergic Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Brunton, Laurence; Lazo, John S.; Parker, Keith (2006). Goodman
Adrenergic
Chemical compound
affinity, selective nicotinic α4β2* receptor partial agonist used in medical research for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, usually in the form of nifene
Nifene
Chemical compound
cessation aid varenicline, cytisine is a partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Cytisine has a short half-life of 4.8 hours. As a result
Cytisine
Chemical compound
choline compound found in the brain. It is also a parasympathomimetic acetylcholine precursor which has been investigated for its potential for the treatment
Glycerophosphorylcholine
Anticholinergic medication used as antidote for nerve agent poisoning
poisoning by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which would otherwise be overstimulated, by excessive acetylcholine accumulation. Atropine or diphenhydramine
Atropine
Medical condition
These genes, CHRNA4, CHRNB2, and CHRNA2, encode various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α and β subunits. While not well understood, it is believed that
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy
Autosomal_dominant_nocturnal_frontal_lobe_epilepsy
Experimental muscarinic drug
ML-007 is a selective muscarinic acetylcholine M1 and M4 receptor agonist which is under development for the treatment of schizophrenia, psychotic disorders
ML-007
Muscarinic agonist
developmental code name RU-47213) is a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist nootropic drug which was under development for the treatment
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ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR
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