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Science of the upper region of the Earth's or other planetary atmospheres
Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of
Aeronomy
Swedish satellite with radiometer, launched in 2001
Odin is a Swedish satellite working in two disciplines: astrophysics and aeronomy. It was named after Odin of Norse mythology. Within the field of astrophysics
Odin_(satellite)
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
The Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM or Explorer 90) was a NASA satellite launched in 2007 to conduct a planned 26-month study of noctilucent clouds
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
Aeronomy_of_Ice_in_the_Mesosphere
Study of the atmosphere, its processes, and its interactions with other systems
focusing on average climate conditions and their variability over time. Aeronomy is the study of the upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation
Atmospheric_science
Sub-field of physics dealing with the atmosphere's structure, composition, and motion
At the dawn of the space age and the introduction of sounding rockets, aeronomy became a subdiscipline concerning the upper layers of the atmosphere, where
Atmospheric_physics
Research institute
4.356998°E / 50.796785; 4.356998The Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) (Dutch: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aeronomie
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
Royal_Belgian_Institute_for_Space_Aeronomy
Research facility in Boulder, Colorado, United States
specific locations over various time periods. On October 1, 2005, NOAA's Aeronomy Laboratory, Climate Diagnostics Center, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics
Earth System Research Laboratories
Earth_System_Research_Laboratories
was operated until June 2007 as a joint mission between astronomy and aeronomy disciplines. 50% of the total observation time was dedicated to each discipline
Odin-OSIRIS
Physics Laboratory continued their use of Aerobee on a variety of physics, aeronomy, photography, weather, and biomedical sounding rocket flights; a total
1951_in_spaceflight
Force Suborbital Aeronomy 7 July Successful Apogee: 166 kilometres (103 mi) 7 July 08:37 HAD Woomera LA-2 WRE WRE Suborbital Aeronomy 7 July Successful
1965 in spaceflight (July–September)
1965_in_spaceflight_(July–September)
Branch of space physics and aeronomy
Space weather is a branch of space physics and aeronomy, or heliophysics, concerned with the varying conditions within the Solar System and its heliosphere
Space_weather
Country in South Asia
program, led by SUPARCO, yielding advancements in rocketry, electronics, and aeronomy. Notably, Pakistan launched its first rocket into space, pioneering South
Pakistan
Earth, minus the oceans and atmosphere
subset of Earth sciences, predominantly geophysics and geology, excluding aeronomy, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, hydrology, and ecology. Ad cœlum –
Solid_earth
The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) is an international scientific association that focuses on the study of terrestrial and
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy
International_Association_of_Geomagnetism_and_Aeronomy
NLCs Night Shining Clouds
from water vapour in addition to forming on dust particles. Data from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite suggests that noctilucent clouds require
Noctilucent_cloud
Air-launched rocket
Responsive Launch demo for Space Force". NASASpaceFlight.com. ESA. "AIM (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere)". Archived from the original on August 5, 2020
Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus
Third planet from the Sun
2007. Retrieved 14 March 2007. Liu, S. C.; Donahue, T. M. (1974). "The Aeronomy of Hydrogen in the Atmosphere of the Earth". Journal of the Atmospheric
Earth
Long-term weather pattern of a region
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Climate
Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
Along with climatology, atmospheric physics, atmospheric chemistry, and aeronomy, meteorology forms the broader field of the atmospheric sciences. The interactions
Meteorology
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
LC-33 GE / US Army NRL Suborbital Cosmic Radiation / Solar Radiation / Aeronomy / Ionospheric 28 June Successful Project Hermes launch, apogee: 108 kilometres
Spaceflight_before_1951
Scientific study of climate
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Climatology
kilometres (62 mi) 9 July 04:00 Nike-Cajun Wallops Island NASA NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful Apogee: 105 kilometres (65 mi) 11 July 04:24 Kappa-8
1960 in spaceflight (May–August)
1960_in_spaceflight_(May–August)
Space research institute in Germany
Ravensburg to Lindau and another renaming to "Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy" completed the built up. Erhard Keppler became the science lead in the
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research
Rocket launch site in Svalbard, Norway
July 16 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 108 2001 July 19 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 105 2001 July 22 Viper 3A ROMA Aeronomy mission DLR 100 2001
Svalbard_Rocket_Range
Aeronomy mission 13 1969? Leba 68 Meteor 2H Aeronomy mission 14 1969? Leba 68 Meteor 2H Aeronomy mission 15 October 3, 1969 Leba 48 Meteor 3 Aeronomy
Meteor_(rocket)
Suborbital Aeronomy 17 April Successful Apogee: 119 kilometres (74 mi) 17 April 09:43 Nike-Asp Wallops Island NASA GCA Suborbital Aeronomy 17 April Successful
1962 in spaceflight (April–June)
1962_in_spaceflight_(April–June)
Similarities and differences between planets
Comparative planetary science or comparative planetology is a branch of space science and planetary science in which different natural processes and systems
Comparative_planetary_science
Outermost layer of an atmosphere
and it is unable to account for all atoms or molecules of the exosphere. Aeronomy Extraterrestrial atmospheres Extraterrestrial skies List of natural satellites
Exosphere
Boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Weather_front
Region around an astronomical object
specialized scientific subjects of plasma physics, space physics, and aeronomy. Study of Earth's magnetosphere began in 1600, when William Gilbert discovered
Magnetosphere
Indian space mission to study effects of space weather on Earth's upper atmosphere
Ionosphere-thermosphere System at High Altitudes (DISHA) is a proposed twin satellite aeronomy mission by ISRO. It will study the effects of space weather events on the
DISHA_(spacecraft)
Science of the heliosphere
and internal solar dynamics, solar activity and stellar magnetic fields, aeronomy and space plasmas, magnetic fields and global change", and the interactions
Heliophysics
New Zealand space scientist (1933–2010)
space scientist who was director of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy from 1974 to 1990. Axford's research was focused on the interaction of
Ian_Axford
University of Alaska Fairbanks conducts research into space physics and aeronomy; atmospheric sciences; snow, ice, and permafrost; seismology; volcanology;
Geophysical_Institute
Layer of the atmosphere directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere
Sprite (lightning) Upper atmospheric lightning (Transient luminous event) Aeronomy Amateur radio high-altitude ballooning Geospace High altitude "mesosphere"
Mesosphere
Suborbital Aeronomy 27 July Launch failure Apogee: 75 kilometres (47 mi) 27 July 11:45 Strongarm-1 White Sands US Air Force US Air Force Suborbital Aeronomy 27
1961 in spaceflight (July–December)
1961_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
December 6 Reggane Centaure Aeronomy mission France CNES 130 1961 December 6 Hammaguira Hammaguira Bacchus Centaure Aeronomy mission France CNES 130 1961
Centaure_(rocket)
Satellite
Stratosphere) is a satellite mission proposed by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy and currently under development by the European Space Agency (ESA). Its
ALTIUS
aerography The production of weather charts. aerology See atmospheric science. aeronomy The branch of meteorology that studies the upper regions of the Earth's
Glossary_of_meteorology
Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 27 January 21:32 Nike-Cajun Wallops Island NASA NASA Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January
1965 in spaceflight (January–March)
1965_in_spaceflight_(January–March)
Scientific subjects
study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System biophysics, studying the physical interactions
Branches_of_physics
Study of space plasmas in the Solar System
atmosphere and the rest of the Solar System. It includes the topics of aeronomy, aurorae, planetary ionospheres and magnetospheres, radiation belts, space
Space_physics
flight of the V-2 rocket occurred on 19 September 1952 with an unsuccessful aeronomy mission conducted jointly by the Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories
1952_in_spaceflight
Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within an hour of launch Successful MO SSSR Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within an hour of launch Successful MO SSSR Sub-orbital Aeronomy Within
1991 in spaceflight (July–December)
1991_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
Former radio telescope in Puerto Rico, United States
Observatory research and to publicize its accomplishments in astronomy, aeronomy and planetary radar as to seek additional funding support for the observatory
Arecibo_Telescope
chemical transport model and created by the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) Boream Model for the degradation of alpha-pinene BOXMOX Box
Kinetic_PreProcessor
Aeronomy Ionospheric 8 October Successful Apogee: 1,004 kilometres (624 mi) 8 October 10:23 Nike-Apache Wallops Island NASA GCA Suborbital Aeronomy 8
1964 in spaceflight (October–December)
1964_in_spaceflight_(October–December)
Aerobee AJ10-34 USAF 76 Holloman LC-A US Air Force Firefly AFCRC Suborbital Aeronomy 2 February Successful Apogee: 143 kilometres (89 mi) 7 February X-17 Cape
1957_in_spaceflight
Second planet from the Sun
composed of carbon dioxide and nitrogen". Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Retrieved 28 March 2026. Lammer, Helmut; Brasser, Ramon; Johansen, Anders;
Venus
Suborbital Aeronomy 6 November Successful Apogee: 103 kilometres (64 mi) 8 November 01:53 Nike-Cajun Churchill CARDE CARDE Suborbital Aeronomy 8 October
1958 in spaceflight (July–December)
1958_in_spaceflight_(July–December)
Study of the physical processes in atmospheric clouds
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Cloud_physics
Higher education institution devoted to space exploration and science literacy
short for Polar Suborbital Science in the Upper Mesosphere. PoSSUM's Aeronomy Program grew from an opportunity created by the Noctilucent Cloud Imagery
International Institute for Astronautical Sciences
International_Institute_for_Astronautical_Sciences
Chemical element with atomic number 8 (O)
3253101. S2CID 96242703. Guy P. Brasseur; Susan Solomon (January 15, 2006). Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and
Oxygen
Branch of solar physics and aeronomy
Research Letters, Solar Physics (journal), Advances in Space Research. Aeronomy Planetary science, atmospheric sciences, and atmospheric physics Solar
Space_climate
sessions of Division V of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy at the 19th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and
International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network
International_Real-time_Magnetic_Observatory_Network
India's first satellite in space (1975–1981)
launch, the satellite experienced tumbling at 0.3° per second and the aeronomy instrument's power supply failed. However, engineers stabilised the satellite
Aryabhata_(satellite)
Formula used to model how air pressure varies with altitude
1007/s40828-020-0111-6. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems. Physics of Earth and Space
Barometric_formula
Layer of the Earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the exosphere
caused by a discharge from an underlying thunderstorm). Aerial perspective Aeronomy Air (classical element) Air glow Airshed Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Thermosphere
21:09 Aerobee RTV-N-10 NRL 12 White Sands LC-35 US Navy NRL Suborbital Aeronomy / Cosmic Radiation 10 February Successful Apogee: 137.0 kilometres (85
1953_in_spaceflight
Rocket designed to take measurements during its flight
113 km (12 and 70 mi). Sounding rockets are commonly used for: Research in aeronomy, the study of the upper atmosphere, which requires this tool for in situ
Sounding_rocket
Visible mass of particles suspended in the atmosphere
Noctilucent Clouds (PDF). International Association of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 31
Cloud
Norwegian scientist (1867–1917)
contributions of Kristian Birkeland to space physics". Geomagnetism and Aeronomy with Special Historical Case Studies. IAGA Newsletters. 29/1997: 107. Bibcode:1997gash
Kristian_Birkeland
Russian–American physicist
in shear flows and possible observational appearance, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 34, 91-96. Kulikov Yu.Yu., Kuznetsov I.V., Erukhimova T.L., et al, 1994:
Tatiana_Erukhimova
German geophysicist and statistician
the first President of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). With Sydney Chapman, he wrote the influential book Geomagnetism
Julius_Bartels
Device that measures magnetism
PRACTICE (PDF). Warsaw: International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-9650686-2-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March
Magnetometer
Taiwanese atmospheric scientist (born 1944)
Administration's Aeronomy Laboratory as a supervisory research physicist and, from 1980, headed the Aeronomy Laboratory's Theoretical Aeronomy Program. He
Liu_Shaw-chen
AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 9 July Nike-Cajun Johnston US Air Force AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy 9 July Successful
1962 in spaceflight (July–September)
1962_in_spaceflight_(July–September)
Chemical element with atomic number 2 (He)
thermosphere: a part of the heterosphere". Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Archived from the original on 2005-01-01. Retrieved 2008-07-12. Listen
Helium
Information Division, 1964., p.425 Magnetopause Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy S. Mancuso et al., UVCS/SOHO observations of a CME-driven shock: Consequences
Shocks and discontinuities (magnetohydrodynamics)
Shocks_and_discontinuities_(magnetohydrodynamics)
1000-km-order method of measuring weather systems
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Synoptic_scale_meteorology
Branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the atmosphere is studied
category Climate variability and change Climate change category portal Aeronomy Aeronomy Glossaries Glossary of meteorology Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
Atmospheric_chemistry
Suborbital Aeronomy Ionospheric 7 October Successful Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi) 11 October 00:30 Nike-Cajun Eglin US Air Force AFCRL Suborbital Aeronomy Ionospheric
1962 in spaceflight (October–December)
1962_in_spaceflight_(October–December)
Overview of and topical guide to space science
study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System. Solar physics – Sun and its interaction with
Outline_of_space_science
ST-3 Wallops Island LA-3 NASA S-56 US Air Force Intended: Medium Earth Aeronomy 4 December Launch failure First orbital launch attempt to use a Scout rocket
1960 in spaceflight (September–December)
1960_in_spaceflight_(September–December)
NASA/ESA Saturnian moon probe concept
Paolo (June 2017). Poster 14: Explorer of Enceladus and Titan (E2T). Titan Aeronomy and Climate. France: NASA. Bibcode:2016tac..confE..26M. Archived from the
Explorer of Enceladus and Titan
Explorer_of_Enceladus_and_Titan
Topics referred to by the same term
speech incitement technique Affect infusion model, a theory about mood Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere, a NASA satellite launched in 2007 Ancestry-informative
AIM
U.S. sounding and orbital rocket, 1960-1961
flight of the Scout X-1 was made on 19 October 1961, carrying plasma and aeronomy research payloads on a suborbital trajectory. This launch was successful
Scout_X-1
American chronobiologist (1919–2013)
the History Commission of International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. He also published in "Wege zur Wissenschaft, Pathways to Science". He
Franz_Halberg
Suborbital two-stage launch vehicle of the Spanish INTA
18, 1981 INTA-300 Aeronomy mission Spain 285 km First completely successful launch October 21, 1993 INTA-300B FEIROX / FEIROH Aeronomy Spain 154 km April
INTA-300
operational software developed and maintained at Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy since 1996. It provides a web-based interface for assessing the Space environment
Space Environment Information System
Space_Environment_Information_System
Gas layer surrounding Earth
"Observing noctilucent clouds". International Association of Geomagnetism & Aeronomy. Retrieved 2025-07-21. Sato, M.; et al. (May 2015). "Overview and early
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Physicist from New Zealand
Wellington, New Zealand Alma mater University of Canterbury Spouse Beatrice Tinsley (m. 1961; div. 1974) Scientific career Fields Physics, aeronomy
Brian_Tinsley
Standard model of the structure of Earth's magnetic field
under the direction of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) since 1965. The IGRF model covers a significant time span, and so
International Geomagnetic Reference Field
International_Geomagnetic_Reference_Field
research and technical leadership in geomagnetism, atmospheric electricity, aeronomy, space physics, and related sciences James B. Macelwane Medal American
List_of_geophysics_awards
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
tornado – Solar windstorm Space weather – Branch of space physics and aeronomy "Auroras - NASA Science". 4 February 2025. Retrieved 9 March 2026. "Aurora"
Aurora
Set of absorption bands of molecular oxygen
Atmospheric chemistry Guy P. Brasseur; Susan Solomon (15 January 2006). Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and
Schumann–Runge_bands
ESA science observatory on the Columbus Laboratory
Operations Centre (B.USOC), located at the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA) in Uccle, Belgium. SOVIM (Solar Variability and Irradiance Monitor)
SOLAR_(ISS)
Ortsteil of Katlenburg-Lindau in Lower Saxony, Germany
Institute for Solar System Research (known as "Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy" until June 2004) was based there until 2014, when it moved to Göttingen
Lindau_(Katlenburg-Lindau)
Topics in the physics of the Earth and its vicinity
refraction Seismic tomography Structure of the Earth Atmospheric sciences Aeronomy – the study of the physical structure and chemistry of the atmosphere.
Outline_of_geophysics
Public high school in Highland Park, Los Angeles
(1905–1993), 1923 graduate, astronomer, professor, ufologist, and a father of aeronomy Gene Roddenberry (1921–1991), 1939 graduate, television screenwriter and
Franklin High School (Los Angeles)
Franklin_High_School_(Los_Angeles)
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
ISBN 978-94-010-0145-8. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems. Physics of Earth and Space
Atmosphere
Australian-American solar and climate scientist
Lean is a member of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, American Astronomical Society-Solar Physics Division, American Meteorological
Judith_Lean
Installation built to detect high-energy-particles coming from space
Research and Aeronomy of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of SB RAS. Retrieved
Cosmic-ray_observatory
Radio telescope
a 1.7 meter diameter off-axis telescope for research in astronomy and aeronomy at wavelengths between 0.2 and 2 mm. The instrument operated between 1994
Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory
Antarctic_Submillimeter_Telescope_and_Remote_Observatory
British physicist
outstanding merit in solar-terrestrial physics, including geomagnetism and aeronomy. 2003: Philip Leverhulme Award– this award, in the Astronomy and Astrophysics
Louise_Harra
NASA/DLR solar probes launched in 1974–76
distribution of solar wind plasma. Developed by the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy for the study of low-energy particles. Data collected included the density
Helios_(spacecraft)
Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January Successful Apogee: 129 kilometres (80 mi) 27 January 18:49 Aerobee Churchill US Army US Army Suborbital Aeronomy 27 January
1958 in spaceflight (January–June)
1958_in_spaceflight_(January–June)
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
based technological systems and sub-systems. "Space Applications Centre: 'Aeronomy satellite in advanced planning stage'". The Times of India. 23 October
ISRO
AEROS satellites were to study the aeronomy i. e. the science of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, in particular the F region under the strong influence
AEROS
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
Boy/Male
Arabic, Pakistani
Minister
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Loved; Pampered
Girl/Female
Arabic, Kurdish, Muslim, Sindhi
Splendid; Glittering
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Golden Creeper
Girl/Female
Indian
Lovely
Boy/Male
English
Blond.
Male
Swiss
, peace ruler.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Rabbit, wild rat, their lip, their brink.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Bahuleyan | பஹà¯à®²à¯‡à®¯à®¨Â
Lord Murugan
Male
Czechoslovakian
, peace ruler.
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
AERONOMY
AERONOMY