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Unofficial alternatives to the official DNS Root Zone
System (DNS) to associate numeric computer IP addresses with human-readable names. The top level of the domain name hierarchy, the DNS root, contains
Alternative_DNS_root
Name server for the root zone of the Internet's Domain Name System
In networking, a root name server is a name server for the root zone of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. It directly answers requests for
Root_name_server
System to identify resources on a network
portal Alternative DNS root Comparison of DNS server software Decentralized object location and routing DNS hijacking DNS leak DNS Long-Lived Queries DNS management
Domain_Name_System
Administrable unit of the Domain Name System
A DNS zone is a specific portion of the DNS namespace in the Domain Name System (DNS), which a specific organization or administrator manages. A DNS zone
DNS_zone
Topmost zone in Domain Name System
Internet, the DNS root zone is the top-level DNS zone in the hierarchical namespace of the Domain Name System (DNS). Before October 1, 2016, the root zone had
DNS_root_zone
Alternative DNS root
New.net was an alternative DNS root system which was enabled via NewDotNet, a DNS hijacker application usually bundled with legitimate software. The top-level
New.net
Internet top-level domain
was an alternative implementation of .xxx by New.net, a private domain registration service unaffiliated with ICANN, via an alternative DNS root. Another
.xxx
Former network of DNS name servers
Open Root Server Network (ORSN) was a network of Domain Name System root nameservers for the Internet. ORSN DNS root zone information was kept in synchronization
Open_Root_Server_Network
Update method for DNS name servers
Dynamic DNS (DDNS) is a method of automatically updating a name server in the Domain Name System (DNS), often in real time, with the active DDNS configuration
Dynamic_DNS
Type of cyber attack
against DNS might involve targeting top-level domain servers (such as those servicing the .com domain) instead of root name servers. Alternatively, a man-in-the-middle
Distributed denial-of-service attacks on root nameservers
Distributed_denial-of-service_attacks_on_root_nameservers
Identification string in the Internet
System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which
Domain_name
Domain at the highest level of the DNS hierarchy
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone. The development of top-level domains followed the introduction of
Top-level_domain
Internet exchange point in Russia
top-level domains (ccTLDs) .RU and .РФ for Russia. Also it operates alternative DNS root servers of Russian National Domain Name System for Roskomnadzor due
Moscow_Internet_Exchange
domains (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level
List of Internet top-level domains
List_of_Internet_top-level_domains
Suite of IETF specifications
public keys for the DNS root zone which is the trusted third party. Domain owners generate their own keys, and upload them using their DNS control panel at
Domain Name System Security Extensions
Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions
Alternative internet domain name registry
unofficial, controversial Internet domain name registry that relied on an alternative DNS root. The primary purpose of the project was to challenge the monopoly
AlterNIC
American nonprofit organization
technical maintenance (work) of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
ICANN
Distributed data store for digital transactions
2011. The .bit TLD is not sanctioned by ICANN, instead requiring an alternative DNS root. As of 2015, .bit was used by 28 websites, out of 120,000 registered
Blockchain
Data proving ownership of a public key
Subject Alternative Name: DNS:www.ssl.com, DNS:answers.ssl.com, DNS:faq.ssl.com, DNS:info.ssl.com, DNS:links.ssl.com, DNS:reseller.ssl.com, DNS:secure
Public_key_certificate
Name resolver service for the Domain Name System
unofficial alternative top level domains not found in the official DNS root zone temporary unavailability of the ISP's name server Public DNS resolver operators
Public_recursive_name_server
2019 amendments to Russian Internet legislation
2024, the system got tested for a whole day in the Chechnya region. Alternative DNS root Internet censorship in Russia Mass surveillance in Russia Splinternet
Sovereign_Internet_Law
Standard for cryptographic certificates
Subject Alternative Name: DNS:*.wikipedia.org, DNS:*.m.mediawiki.org, DNS:*.m.wikibooks.org, DNS:*.m.wikidata.org, DNS:*.m.wikimedia.org, DNS:*.m.wikimediafoundation
X.509
Unofficial computer network domain
or registering the domain name in an attempt of cybersquatting. Alternative DNS root .local .arpa Grothoff, Christian and Wachs, Matthias and Wolf, Hellekin
Pseudo-top-level_domain
Russian government agency
Internet Subnetwork, like inventory of Russian Autonomous Systems, alternative DNS root servers in Russian National Domain Name System, controls local ISPs
Roskomnadzor
Organization
Tier 2 servers across a multitude of geographic locations. Like all alternative root DNS systems, OpenNIC-hosted domains are unreachable to the vast majority
OpenNIC
Chinese proposal for an alternative Internet addressing scheme
IP Version 9". IETF Datatracker. 1994-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-01. .chn, an alternative DNS root proposal Telephone numbers in China New IP v t e v t e
IPv9_(China)
Domain Name System service
DNS is a Domain Name System (DNS) service offered to Internet users worldwide by Google. It functions as a recursive name server. Google Public DNS was
Google_Public_DNS
Reserved domain name
Task Force reserved the DNS labels .example, .invalid, .localhost, and .test so that they may not be installed into the root zone of the Domain Name System
.test
Generic top-level Internet domain
top-level domain in the official DNS root, similar domains of the same name were already in use by alternative DNS roots. This created the possibility
.biz
acquisition of Mailbank and its long list of surname domain names. Alternative DNS root AOL keyword Grossman, Wendy (2002-06-10). "The name game". The Independent
RealNames
Overview of resource records permissible in zone files of the Domain Name System
resource records (RRs) permissible in zone files of the Domain Name System (DNS). It also contains pseudo-RRs. Other types of records simply provide some
List_of_DNS_record_types
DNS server for reverse lookups of invalid IP ranges
Blackhole DNS servers are Domain Name System (DNS) servers that return a "nonexistent address" answer to reverse DNS lookups for addresses reserved for
Blackhole_server
authoritative DNS server by CZ.NIC. Knot DNS aims to be a fast, resilient DNS server usable for infrastructure (root and TLD) and DNS hosting services. Knot DNS supports
Comparison of DNS server software
Comparison_of_DNS_server_software
American businessman
ISPs in setting up the Enhanced Domain Name System, a short-lived alternative DNS root, which allowed registrants to add their own generic top-level domains
Karl_Denninger
(TLD) contains generic top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level
List of English-language generic Internet top-level domains
List_of_English-language_generic_Internet_top-level_domains
Type of resource record in the Domain Name System
which this record is valid, ending in a dot. ttl: standard DNS time to live field. IN: standard DNS class field (this is always IN). SRV: Type of Record (this
SRV_record
Computer-networking protocol defined in RFC 2845
Domain Name System (DNS) to authenticate updates to a DNS database. It is most commonly used to update Dynamic DNS or a secondary/slave DNS server. TSIG uses
TSIG
Cryptocurrency, whose blockchain operates the .bit TLD
move, thanking OpenNIC and describing it as the "right decision". Alternative DNS root Zooko's triangle Non-fungible token (a concept which Namecoin is
Namecoin
Series of computer networking standards covering electronic directory services
The concept of DNS root name servers has been contentious within the Internet community, though the issue is largely resolved for DNS. By contrast, the
X.500
Network addressing and routing methodology
deployment of physical (rather than logical) root servers outside the United States. Many commercial DNS providers have switched to an IP anycast environment
Anycast
Internet exchange point in Sweden
exchange points (IXes) and manages one of the thirteen root name servers for the Domain Name System (DNS). It also distributes the official Swedish time through
Netnod
Right to Be Forgotten plaintiff
Management Ltd, TBS Industries Ltd and Thomas Goolnik advertised and sold alternative DNS root domains, i.e. having top-level domains not approved by ICANN. The
Thomas_Goolnik
Class of software bugs
Web Services' DNS management system for DynamoDB caused a major outage across the US-EAST-1 region. The incident stemmed from outdated DNS plans being applied
Time-of-check_to_time-of-use
Ccol
application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig. If the DNS method is used, a file named wpad.dat must be located in the WPAD Web site's root directory. The PAC files are discussed
Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol
Web_Proxy_Auto-Discovery_Protocol
broadcast signal. RadioDNS operates the root name server for the radiodns.org domain according to a published trust model. Although RadioDNS reserves the right
RadioDNS
End-user ENUM service
and a valid alternative to the Golden ENUM tree. The domain nrenum.net is being populated in order to provide the infrastructure in DNS for storage of
NRENum.net
Software feature removing online advertising in a web browser or application
personal purposes. China runs its own root DNS and the EU has considered the same. Google has required their Google Public DNS be used for some applications on
Ad_blocking
Internet error message
websites do not make use of them. 404 errors should not be confused with DNS errors, which appear when the given URL refers to a server name that does
HTTP_404
Internet top-level domain
Services. The proposed application succeeded and was delegated to the DNS root zone on 26 Jun 2015. The .cloud domain does not have any restriction. There
.cloud
Label to identify a network interface of a computer or other network node
bits) of the IPv6 address. As in IPv4, each host is represented in the DNS by two DNS records: an address record and a reverse mapping pointer record. For
IPv6_address
Network protocol that builds a loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks
mode. Alternatively, the network administrator can configure the switch as a spanning tree root primary or secondary. When configuring the root primary
Spanning_Tree_Protocol
Computer configuration file to map hostnames to IP addresses
System (DNS), but many systems implement name service switches, e.g., nsswitch.conf for Linux and Unix, to provide customization. Unlike remote DNS resolvers
Hosts_(file)
Organization maintaining the Domain Name System and Internet exchange points
Operating the world's largest anycast Domain Name System (DNS) server platform, including two root nameservers, more than 400 top-level domains (TLDs) including
Packet_Clearing_House
Computing command
standard port of "25". -i Lists IP sockets. -n Do not resolve hostnames (no DNS). -P Do not resolve port names (list port number instead of its name). One
Lsof
Mechanism for authenticating cryptographic keys
if users use that new DLV (along with ICANN-DNSSEC) root-key in their own local DNSSEC-based DNS Resolver/Server, and if domain-owners also use it for
Web_of_trust
Manager of Internet domain names
needed] In 1997, PGMedia filed an antitrust suit against NSI citing the DNS root zone as an essential facility, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Domain_name_registrar
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
needed] A DNS proxy server takes DNS queries from a (usually local) network and forwards them to an Internet Domain Name Server. It may also cache DNS records
Proxy_server
Entity that issues digital certificates
domain validation probes that CAs send. These can include attacks against the DNS, TCP, or BGP protocols (which lack the cryptographic protections of TLS/SSL)
Certificate_authority
1999 Microsoft operating system version
Windows 2000 introduces a client-side DNS caching service. When the Windows DNS resolver receives a query response, the DNS resource record is added to a cache
Windows_2000
Service for hosting websites
A common way to attain a reliable DNS host name is by creating an account with a dynamic DNS service. A dynamic DNS service will automatically change
Web_hosting_service
Obsolete Internet security mechanism
Certificate Transparency HTTP Strict Transport Security List of HTTP header fields DNS Certification Authority Authorization Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP
HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning
Generic top-level domains
filing in August 2025. Although such Web3 domains function outside the DNS root, their growing visibility has prompted discussion about potential coexistence
Proposed_top-level_domains
Distributed network configuration database
a DNS server had stopped responding. The Mac OS X version of NetInfo remedied this (and many other problems), but by this time popular alternatives had
NetInfo
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019. "⚓ T282787 Configure dns and puppet repositories for new drmrs datacenter". Wikimedia Phabricator
Wikipedia
setting up email accounts and local user accounts on the VPS, and configuring DNS records without needing intimate knowledge of Linux command-line.[citation
Cyberpanel
Internationalized country code top-level domain for Bulgaria
internationalized country code top-level domain (IDN ccTLD) for Bulgaria. The ASCII DNS name of the domain would be xn--90ae, according to rules of the Internationalizing
.бг
Cryptographic network protocol
connections forwarded-tcpip for server-to-client forwarded connections The SSHFP DNS record (RFC 4255) provides the public host key fingerprints in order to aid
Secure_Shell
Chinese internet regulations
using a VPN for circumvention. In 2010, a root name server run by Netnod in China started returning poisoned DNS results to global users, preventing users
Great_Firewall
Computer providing a central resource or service
of the Internet is based upon a client–server model. High-level root nameservers, DNS, and routers direct the traffic on the internet. There are millions
Server_(computing)
Catalog of Internet domain names
sleevi/psl-problems, retrieved 2021-07-04 Huston, Geoff (2020-09-10). "DNS Query Privacy Revisited | blabs.apnic.net". Retrieved 2021-07-05. "Mozilla
Public_Suffix_List
Linux Foundation project
intention to donate the project to CNCF was announced by Docker in 2017. CoreDNS is a DNS server that chains plugins. Its graduation was announced in 2019. Dapr
Cloud Native Computing Foundation
Cloud_Native_Computing_Foundation
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
NTP messages identified are TLS, DNSSEC, various caching schemes (such as DNS cache), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Bitcoin[citation needed] and a number
Network_Time_Protocol
Top-level domain
domain host suffix implemented by the OnioNS project, which aims to add DNS infrastructure to the Tor network enabling the selection of meaningful and
.tor
Suite of system components for Linux
systemd-resolved, CVE-2017-9445, which "allows disruption of service" by a "malicious DNS server". Later in 2017, the Pwnie Awards gave author Lennart Poettering a
Systemd
Java API for accessing directory services
for practically any kind of naming or directory service, including: LDAP DNS NIS CORBA name service file system Sun Microsystems first released the JNDI
Java Naming and Directory Interface
Java_Naming_and_Directory_Interface
Graphical model
Dependency networks (DNs) are graphical models, similar to Markov networks, wherein each vertex (node) corresponds to a random variable and each edge
Dependency network (graphical model)
Dependency_network_(graphical_model)
Python GUI library
servers. It includes classes that implement FTP and HTTP clients and support DNS lookups. Network events are integrated with the event loop making it very
PyQt
Linked hypertext system on the Internet
Fraser, Dominic (13 May 2018). "Why a domain's root can't be a CNAME – and other tidbits about the DNS". FreeCodeCamp. Archived from the original on 21
World_Wide_Web
Video-sharing platform
most-viewed YouTube videos List of online video platforms List of YouTubers Alternative media – Media sources that differ from established or dominant types
YouTube
Port". DNS over Dedicated QUIC Connections. IETF. May 2022. sec. 8.2. doi:10.17487/RFC9250. RFC 9250. Retrieved 2022-06-12. Description: DNS query-response
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
resources for its area. LACNIC, headquartered in Uruguay, operates DNS root, reverse DNS, and other key services. Initially, as with its predecessor networks
History_of_the_Internet
Linux distribution for wireless routers and embedded systems
possibilities to configure common network-related features, like IPv4, IPv6, DNS, DHCP, routing, firewall, NAT, port forwarding and WPA. Other features include:
OpenWrt
sub-problems are then combined to give a solution to the original problem. DNS See Domain Name System. documentation Written text or illustration that accompanies
Glossary_of_computer_science
Principal protocol used to assign IPv4 addresses on an IPv4 network
the IP address of one or more DNS servers, an attacker can convince a DHCP client to do its DNS lookups through its own DNS server, and can therefore provide
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol
Former server and hosted service management interface
move web/mail/dns from one server running Apache to another running lighttpd. It was formerly considered to be a good free alternative to cPanel hosting
Kloxo
Free and open-source Android-based operating system
[@CyanogenMod] (25 December 2016). "UPDATE: As of this morning we have lost DNS and Gerrit is now offline — with little doubt as a reaction to our blog post
LineageOS
Web browser developed by Google
browsers, Chrome uses DNS prefetching to speed up website lookups, as do other browsers like Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer (called DNS Pre-resolution)
Google_Chrome
Network protocol that builds a loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks
same MST region as itself. Root: Provides the minimum cost path from the Bridge to the CIST Root through the Regional Root. Designated: Provides the least
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Multiple_Spanning_Tree_Protocol
Application layer protocol
line feed sequence. The Host header field distinguishes between various DNS names sharing a single IP address, allowing name-based virtual hosting. While
HTTP
October 2009. YouTube Feather was introduced in December as a lightweight alternative website front-end intended for countries with limited internet speeds
History_of_YouTube
Future Internet architecture
discovered during beaconing. Name Servers - perform name translation similar to DNS by using RAINS to retrieve (ISD, AS) tuple that can be used to find and construct
SCION_(Internet_architecture)
offering alternatives. Comcast called this option "Domain Helper" and gave customers an option to disable it. Comcast later announced that DNS redirection
Criticism_of_Comcast
to the Internet Hall of Fame and who held one of the seven keys to the DNS root zone. She was succeeded in 2022 by defense researcher and crypto strategist
History of the Internet in Sweden
History_of_the_Internet_in_Sweden
Firefox derivative containing only free software
about:config. For example, setting a mobile user agent string for a desired DNS domain would make it possible to view the mobile version of a website on
GNU_IceCat
Network protocol supporting distributed directory information services
used in LDAP. Another way of locating LDAP servers for an organization is a DNS server record (SRV). An organization with the domain example.org may use
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol
Standard protocol for transferring files over TCP/IP networks
how different browsers treat path resolution in cases where there is a non-root home directory for a user. Most common download managers can receive files
File_Transfer_Protocol
Top-level domain for New York City, US
initial evaluation at ICANN on May 24, 2013. ICANN delegated .nyc to the DNS root zone on March 20, 2014. On March 22, 2013 the .NYC Community Advisory Board
.nyc
Use of digital attacks against a state
revealed that "Sea Turtle" hackers carried out a broad piracy campaign in the DNS countries, hitting 40 different organizations, including Cyprus. In April
Cyberwarfare
Overview of the deployment of IPv6
Archived from the original on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2012-01-20. "About DNS LU". Dns.lu. Archived from the original on 2012-01-16. Retrieved 2012-01-20. "P&T
IPv6_deployment
List of Android operating system versions
Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2018. "DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer Preview". Google Security Blog. April
Android_version_history
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