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Computation of nearly accurate results
Approximate computing is an emerging paradigm for energy-efficient and/or high-performance design. It includes a plethora of computation techniques that
Approximate_computing
Something roughly the same as something else
algorithm – Class of algorithms that find approximate solutions to optimization problems Approximate computing – Computation of nearly accurate results
Approximation
Finding strings that approximately match a pattern
P.) Computing E(m, j) is very similar to computing the edit distance between two strings. In fact, we can use the Levenshtein distance computing algorithm
Approximate_string_matching
Root-finding algorithm
Muller, Jean-Michel (December 2020). "Elementary Functions and Approximate Computing". Proceedings of the IEEE. 108 (12): 2146. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2020
Fast_inverse_square_root
Subset of artificial intelligence
achieved through various techniques, such as hardware acceleration, approximate computing, and model optimization. Common optimization techniques include
Machine_learning
Form of shared internet-based computing
concert to perform very large tasks. Fog computing – Distributed computing paradigm that provides data, compute, storage and application services closer
Cloud_computing
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
information in quantum computing, the qubit (or "quantum bit"), serves the same function as the bit in ordinary or "classical" computing. However, unlike a
Quantum_computing
Property of artificial neural networks
state that neural networks with a certain structure can, in principle, approximate any continuous function to any desired degree of accuracy. These theorems
Universal approximation theorem
Universal_approximation_theorem
Types of approximate algorithm
Soft computing is an umbrella term used to describe types of algorithms that produce approximate solutions to unsolvable high-level problems in computer
Soft_computing
Complexity class
are often tackled with rules-based languages in areas including: Approximate computing Configuration Cryptography Data mining Decision support Phylogenetics
NP-hardness
Indian academic
interests include compilers and programming languages, and edge computing, approximate computing, software security, system reliability, and parallel programming
Vikram_Adve
Experimental technology level
of the quantum computing implementation levels. In October 2023, the 1,000 qubit mark was passed for the first time by Atom Computing's 1,180 qubit quantum
Noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing
Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_computing
Computation machine that uses continuously varying data technology
and synthetic-aperture radar, remained the domain of analog computing (and hybrid computing) well into the 1980s, since digital computers were insufficient
Analog_computer
American computer scientist and professor
contributions to energy-efficient and approximate computing. Reda’s research spans energy-efficient computing, approximate computing methodologies, embedded systems
Sherief_Reda
Measure of detail a quantity is expressed in
computations are made using the data (although it can also be reduced). Approximate computing Arbitrary-precision arithmetic Extended precision Granularity IEEE754
Precision_(computer_science)
Computational method in Bayesian statistics
Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) constitutes a class of computational methods rooted in Bayesian statistics that can be used to estimate the posterior
Approximate Bayesian computation
Approximate_Bayesian_computation
which computed all prime numbers up to that limit. Computing – Manufacturing: An estimated 6×1018 transistors were produced worldwide in 2008. Computing –
Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)
space-efficient probabilistic data structures that support approximate membership queries. An approximate membership query answers whether an element is in a
Approximate membership query filter
Approximate_membership_query_filter
Situation where players have only a small incentive to change strategies
equilibrium computation - discusses the general problem of computing an exact or approximate Nash equilibrium. Inline citations V. Bubelis (1979). "On
Epsilon-equilibrium
Programmable machine that processes data
of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906. In his work
Computer
Concept in statistics
In statistics, an approximate entropy (ApEn) is a technique used to quantify the amount of regularity and the unpredictability of fluctuations over time-series
Approximate_entropy
Software programming optimization technique
mitigated by explicit selection of those rules the parser will memoize. Approximate computing – category of techniques to improve efficiency Computational complexity
Memoization
Computer science metric of string similarity
Navarro, Gonzalo (1 March 2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.452.6317
Edit_distance
Task skipping is an approximate computing technique that allows to skip code blocks according to a specific boolean condition to be checked at run-time
Task_skipping
Loop perforation is an approximate computing technique that allows to regularly skip some iterations of a loop. It relies on one parameter: the perforation
Loop_perforation
computing from 2020 to the present. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Significant events in computing
Timeline of computing 2020–present
Timeline_of_computing_2020–present
Structure in biology and artificial intelligence
cybernetics Biologically-inspired computing Shao, Feng; Shen, Zheng (January 9, 2022). "How can artificial neural networks approximate the brain?". Front. Psychol
Neural_network
Initiative to rethink the concept of computing
Task Force on Rebooting Computing (TFRC), housed within IEEE Computer Society, is the new home for the IEEE Rebooting Computing Initiative. Founded in
IEEE_Rebooting_Computing
Form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertexts
Client-side encryption – Type of encryption Confidential computing – Privacy-enhancing computing technique Format-preserving encryption – Method in cryptography
Homomorphic_encryption
Methods for numerical approximations
method of sparse grids. Numerical analysis is also concerned with computing (in an approximate way) the solution of differential equations, both ordinary differential
Numerical_analysis
Computing company founded in 2014
Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC). HQS was founded in 2014. The company used a trapped-ion architecture for its quantum computing hardware, which Honeywell
Quantinuum
Concept in software engineering and computer science
Ubiquitous computing (or "ubicomp") is a concept in software engineering, hardware engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear seamlessly
Ubiquitous_computing
Computing the fixed point of a function
Fixed-point computation refers to the process of computing an exact or approximate fixed point of a given function. In its most common form, the given
Fixed-point_computation
System with multiple networked computers
common goal for their work. The terms "concurrent computing", "parallel computing", and "distributed computing" have much overlap, and no clear distinction
Distributed_computing
Overview of and topical guide to computer science
system for computer science is the ACM Computing Classification System devised by the Association for Computing Machinery. Computer science can be described
Outline_of_computer_science
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
In computing, a cache (/kæʃ/ KASH) is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the
Cache_(computing)
Economical computational problem
computing mixed-strategy NE vs computing pure-strategy NE. In each of these cases, one can consider computing an exact NE or an epsilon-approximate NE:
Nash_equilibrium_computation
Algorithmic technique using hashing
(1998). "Approximate Nearest Neighbors: Towards Removing the Curse of Dimensionality.". Proceedings of 30th Symposium on Theory of Computing. Charikar
Locality-sensitive_hashing
Characters for drawing frames and boxes
Drawing Block Elements Geometric Shapes Symbols for Legacy Computing Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement Box Drawing U+2500-U+257F, The Unicode Standard
Box-drawing_characters
Open-source library for pattern matching in text
portable approximate regular expression matching library Navarro, Gonzalo (March 2001), "A guided tour to approximate string matching", ACM Computing Surveys
TRE_(computing)
Numerical analysis concept
problem. Various methods have been developed that use approximate closed-form expressions to compute the nodes. As mentioned above, in some methods formulas
Gauss–Legendre_quadrature
Approximation method
is usually not known. Nevertheless, approximate arithmetic operations can be employed to compute an approximate inverse without knowing the function
Hierarchical_matrix
Anti-aliasing algorithm
Fast approximate anti-aliasing (FXAA) is a screen-space anti-aliasing algorithm created by Timothy Lottes at Nvidia. FXAA 3 is released under a public
Fast approximate anti-aliasing
Fast_approximate_anti-aliasing
Indian computer scientist and academic
appointed Dean of the Faculty for Computing and Information Science, now known as the Cornell Ann S. Bowers College of Computing and Information Science. Bala
Kavita_Bala
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but has
Parallel_computing
International Society for Computing
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New
Association for Computing Machinery
Association_for_Computing_Machinery
Type of extremely powerful computer
computing whereby a "super virtual computer" of many loosely coupled volunteer computing machines performs very large computing tasks. Grid computing
Supercomputer
Varying methods used to calculate pi
algorithm, the formula can compute any particular base 16 digit of π—returning the hexadecimal value of the digit—without computing the intervening digits
Approximations_of_pi
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
useful in many fields, but computing it directly from the definition is often too slow to be practical. An FFT rapidly computes such transformations by factorizing
Fast_Fourier_transform
Real number that can be computed within arbitrary precision
numbers. Though the computable reals exhaust those reals we can calculate or approximate, the assumption that all reals are computable leads to substantially
Computable_number
Approximate string matching program
expressions. Bitap algorithm TRE (computing) Wu, Sun; Manber, Udi (20–24 January 1992). Agrep -- a fast approximate pattern-matching tool. 1992 Winter
Agrep
events in the history of computing from 1950 to 1979. For narratives explaining the overall developments, see the history of computing. Information revolution
Timeline of computing 1950–1979
Timeline_of_computing_1950–1979
Number, approximately 3.14
may approximate π based on the counts: π ≈ 2 n ℓ x t . {\displaystyle \pi \approx {\frac {2n\ell }{xt}}.} Another Monte Carlo method for computing π is
Pi
Computer science award
Computing Machinery, May 29, 2013. Recipients Achieved Groundbreaking Results for Aggregating Data from Multiple Sources, Association for Computing Machinery
Gödel_Prize
Kumar Shukla, Jean-Pierre Talpin From Variability Tolerance to Approximate Computing in Parallel Integrated Architectures and Accelerators by Abbas Rahimi
Rajesh_K._Gupta
Computer science metric for string similarity
707L. Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching" (PDF). ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.452.6317
Levenshtein_distance
Process for preserving information in DRAM
period saves energy with minor quality loss, which is an example of approximate computing. In static random-access memory (SRAM), another type of semiconductor
Memory_refresh
Methods of calculating definite integrals
higher-dimensional integration. The basic problem in numerical integration is to compute an approximate solution to a definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle
Numerical_integration
The history of computing extends beyond the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology including earlier methods that relied on pen
History_of_computing
Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) methods in numerical analysis are algorithms for computing expectations that arise in stochastic simulations. Just as Monte Carlo
Multilevel_Monte_Carlo_method
Method by which work is assigned
In computing, scheduling is the action of assigning resources to perform tasks. The resources may be processors, network links or expansion cards. The
Scheduling_(computing)
Intelligence of machines
approximation. Soft computing was introduced in the late 1980s and most successful AI programs in the 21st century are examples of soft computing with neural
Artificial_intelligence
Quantum computing Timeline of quantum computing and communication Moore's law – observation (not actually a law) that, over the history of computing hardware
Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude
Category of cloud computing
the main business model for computing, and cluster computing enabled multiple computers to work together. Cloud computing emerged in the late 1990s with
Software_as_a_service
American multinational technology conglomerate
American multinational technology company engaged in e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, entertainment, and artificial
Amazon_(company)
Polynomial Time Algorithm for Computing an Arrow–Debreu Market Equilibrium for Linear Utilities". SIAM Journal on Computing. 37 (1): 303–318. doi:10
Arrow–Debreu_exchange_market
Optimization algorithms using quantum computing
more efficient ways of solving optimization problems are needed. Quantum computing may allow problems which are not practically feasible on classical computers
Quantum optimization algorithms
Quantum_optimization_algorithms
American physicist
Quantum Computing?". The Quantum Insider. Retrieved 2025-01-07. Farhi, Edward; Aram W Harrow (2016). "Quantum Supremacy through the Quantum Approximate Optimization
Edward_Farhi
GPU microarchitecture by AMD
different operation (a×b+c×d+e). v t e Approximate die size of entire MCM package that consists of single GCD (Graphics Compute Die) and six MCDs (Memory Cache
RDNA_3
design, reconfigurable systems, and new ideas like quantum computing and approximate computing. Track A: Application Design focuses on real-world examples
Design Automation and Test in Europe
Design_Automation_and_Test_in_Europe
Type of algorithm
parameterized approximation algorithm is a type of algorithm that aims to find approximate solutions to NP-hard optimization problems in polynomial time in the
Parameterized approximation algorithm
Parameterized_approximation_algorithm
Fitness approximation aims to approximate the objective or fitness functions in evolutionary optimization by building up machine learning models based
Fitness_approximation
Canadian physicist and entrepreneur
Quantum Computing and continued with Achim Kempf as his PhD supervisor. He presented papers as a Guest Speaker at NASA's 2018 Adiabatic Quantum Computing conference
Guillaume_Verdon
Digital workload distribution techniques
In computing, load balancing is the process of distributing a set of tasks over a set of resources (computing units) with the aim of making their overall
Load_balancing_(computing)
Algorithms for zeros of functions
takes the same values at these approximate roots. Then the root of the polynomial is computed and used as a new approximate value of the root of the function
Root-finding_algorithm
American computer scientist
"Elected AAAI Fellows". www.aaai.org. Association for Computing Machinery. "ACM Fellows Named for Computing Innovations that Are Advancing Technology in the
Nancy_M._Amato
American businessman (born 1964)
president and CEO of Amazon, the world's largest e-commerce and cloud computing company. According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes, he
Jeff_Bezos
2026 American company IPO
without specifying which data center. The deal covers a computing infrastructure of approximately 110,000 Nvidia GPUs, hardware needed to power Google Gemini
Initial public offering of SpaceX
Initial_public_offering_of_SpaceX
computer. Reversible computing is not subject to this lower bound. T cannot, even in theory, be made lower than 3 kelvins, the approximate temperature of the
Limits_of_computation
Annual event in America established 1988
High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, is the annual conference established in 1988 by the Association for Computing Machinery and
ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference
ACM/IEEE_Supercomputing_Conference
Cyrillic letter
and 1911. This letter does not have any computing codes, most notably in Unicode. It is possible to approximate this letter with the Latin letter K in
Ka_with_ascender
Study of computable functions and Turing degrees
necessary; there are many other models of computation that have the same computing power as Turing machines; for example the μ-recursive functions obtained
Computability_theory
American multinational technology company
online advertising, search engine technology, email, cloud computing, software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence
Small form factor PC designed by Intel
Next Unit of Computing (NUC) is a line of small-form-factor barebone computer kits designed by Intel. Previewed in 2012 and launched in early 2013, the
Next_Unit_of_Computing
Unit of digital information, usually 8 bits
a convenience, because 1024 is approximately 1000. This definition was popular in early decades of personal computing, with products like the Tandon 51⁄4-inch
Byte
American computer scientist
on Computing, 37(2):584-610, 2007. J. S. B. Mitchell, D. M. Mount and C. H. Papadimitriou. The Discrete Geodesic Problem. SIAM Journal of Computing, 16(4):647-668
David_Mount
Frieze, Alan (1988), "On the complexity of computing the volume of a polyhedron", SIAM Journal on Computing, 17 (5): 967–974, doi:10.1137/0217060, MR 0961051
Convex_volume_approximation
computing, embedded bio-signal processing for wearable and near-sensor devices, and error-tolerant workloads addressed through approximate computing variants
Coarse-grained reconfigurable array
Coarse-grained_reconfigurable_array
Coin graph drawing algorithms for finite connected planar graphs (approximately computing the theoretical circle-packing given by the Koebe-Andreev-Thurston
List_of_algorithms
Minimizing problem in computer programming
be computed in Θ(n²) time by dynamic programming. As in the solution above, answering queries in constant time will be achieved by pre-computing results
Range_minimum_query
Provost for Computing & Data Sciences at Boston University. He is known for his work in distributed computing, networking, and trustworthy computing. Bahgat
List_of_Egyptian_Americans
Use of a GPU for computations typically assigned to CPUs
supercomputing it is well-known that scientific computing drives the largest concentrations of Computing power in history, listed in the TOP500: the majority
General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
General-purpose_computing_on_graphics_processing_units
Cloud-based data-warehousing company
processing, with integrations for tools like Tableau, Power BI, and Sigma Computing. In October 2022, the company acquired a 5% stake in advanced TV advertising
Snowflake_Inc.
Mathematical series
(e.g., by computing the singular values), confirming that the Neumann series converges. A truncated Neumann series can be used for approximate matrix inversion
Neumann_series
Calendar year
"Justinopolis". Bernicia (North East England) is settled by the Angles (approximate date). King Theodoric the Great sends Pope John I to Constantinople,
525
Fast approximate median algorithm
In computer science, the median of medians is an approximate median selection algorithm, frequently used to supply a good pivot for an exact selection
Median_of_medians
Chances of card combinations in poker
instead). (The frequencies given are exact; the probabilities and odds are approximate.) Since suits have no relative value in poker, two hands can be considered
Poker_probability
Metric that measures the distance between two strings of text
S2CID 2091942. Navarro, Gonzalo (2001). "A guided tour to approximate string matching". ACM Computing Surveys. 33 (1): 31–88. doi:10.1145/375360.375365. hdl:10533/172862
String_metric
Quantum error correcting code
in 2001. The code is used in continuous variable (CV) photonic quantum computing, in which logical qubits are encoded into the field quadratures of an
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code
Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill_code
Method for computing topological features of a space at different spatial resolutions
filtered simplicial complex in order to approximate persistent homology. There are various software packages for computing persistence intervals of a finite
Persistent_homology
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places so called. The majority, with examples in at least fourteen counties, get the name from Old English hÅh ‘ridge’, ‘spur’ (literally ‘heel’) + tÅ«n ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. Haughton in Nottinghamshire also has this origin, and may have contributed to the surname. A smaller group of Houghtons, with examples in Lancashire and South Yorkshire, have as their first element Old English halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’. In the case of isolated examples in Devon and East Yorkshire, the first elements appear to be unattested Old English personal names or bynames, of which the forms approximate to Huhha and Hofa respectively, but the meanings are unknown.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by an enclosure of some kind, Middle English yard(e) (Old English geard; compare Garth).English : nickname from Middle English yard ‘rod’, ‘stick’ (Old English (Anglian) gerd), probably with reference to a rod or staff carried as a symbol of authority.English : from the same word as in 2, used to denote a measure of land. The surname probably denoted someone who held this quantity of land, and as it was quite a large amount (varying at different periods and in different places, but generally approximately 30 acres, a quarter of a hide), such a person would have been a reasonably prosperous farmer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker and seller of gloves or a nickname for a wearer of particularly fine gloves, from Middle English cuffe ‘glove’ (of uncertain origin; attested in this sense from the 14th century, with the modern meaning first in the 16th century).Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Dhuibh, a variant of Mac Duibh ‘son of the black one’ (see Duff).Irish : approximate translation of Gaelic Ó DoirnÃn (see Dornan).Cornish : nickname from Cornish cuf ‘dear’, ‘kind’.
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Royalty title approximately equivalent to the English Earl.
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Swift; Rapid
Girl/Female
Hindu
Satisfied, Love, Attachment or pleasure
Boy/Male
Tamil
Honor
Girl/Female
Tamil
Ekaparana | à®à®•à®ªà®°à®¾à®¨à®¾
(Wife of Himalaya)
Girl/Female
Latin
Warring.
Boy/Male
English
From the east cottage.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Scorpio
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
A Critic; A Reviewer; A Fault-finder
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Great
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hebrew, Muslim
She was a Narrator of Hadith
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
APPROXIMATE COMPUTING
v. i.
To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an abscess.
a.
Obtained by trial, by measurements, etc.; approximate; empirical. See the 2d Note under Geometric.
a.
Nearly or approximately square; almost square.
a.
Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.
adv.
With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.
a.
Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.
a.
Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values.
v. t.
To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.
a.
Proximate.
a.
Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.
a.
Nearest; next immediately preceding or following.
v. t.
To come near to; to approach.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Approximate
v. i.
To draw; to approach.
imp. & p. p.
of Approximate
a.
Approaching; approximate.
n.
One who, or that which, approximates.
a.
Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.
prep.
Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size, quantity.
superl.
Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant.