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Subatomic particle
particle physics, B mesons are mesons composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up (B+ ), down (B0 ), strange (B0 s) or charm quark (B+ c). The combination
B_meson
Subatomic particle; made of equal numbers of quarks and antiquarks
In particle physics, a meson (/ˈmiːzɒn, ˈmɛzɒn/) is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually
Meson
Meson that oscillates between matter and antimatter
The B s meson is a type of unstable subatomic particle known as a meson. It is notable for its observed ability to spontaneously switch into its own antiparticle
Strange_B_meson
Isosinglet meson made of quarks and antiquarks
quarks and their antiquarks. The charmed eta meson (η c) and bottom eta meson (η b) are similar forms of quarkonium; they have the same spin and parity as
Eta_and_eta_prime_mesons
vector mesons. See list of particles for a more detailed list of particles found in particle physics. This article contains a list of mesons, unstable
List_of_mesons
Particle in physics
in the neutral K meson and B meson. List of mesons List of particles Timeline of particle discoveries Nave, G., ed. (2016). "D meson". Department of Physics
D_meson
Subatomic particle
The Upsilon meson (ϒ) is a quarkonium state (i.e. flavourless meson) formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was discovered by the E288 experiment
Upsilon_meson
Subatomic particle
particle physics, the phi meson or ϕ meson is a vector meson formed of a strange quark and a strange antiquark. It was the ϕ meson's unexpected propensity
Phi_meson
Quantum particle
In particle physics, a kaon, also called a K meson and denoted K, is any of a group of four mesons distinguished by a quantum number called strangeness
Kaon
Subatomic particle; lightest meson
In particle physics, a pion (/ˈpaɪ.ɒn/, PIE-on) or pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi (π), is any of three subatomic particles: π0 , π+ , and
Pion
Subatomic particle
μ− and antimuons by μ+ . Formerly, muons were called mu mesons, but are not classified as mesons by modern particle physicists (see ), and that name is
Muon
Short-lived hadronic particle that is an isospin triplet
omega mesons, the rho meson carries the nuclear force within the atomic nucleus. After the octet consisting of the pions, kaons, and eta meson, the rho
Rho_meson
Classification scheme for hadrons
prime meson was originally classified by itself as a singlet: η′ Under the quark model later developed, it is better viewed as part of a meson nonet,
Eightfold_way_(physics)
Subatomic particle made of a charm quark and antiquark
(J/psi) meson /ˈdʒeɪ ˈsaɪ ˈmiːzɒn/ is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Mesons formed by
J/psi_meson
Type of quark
containing bottom quarks include: B mesons contain a bottom quark (or its antiparticle) and an up or down quark. B c and B s mesons contain a bottom quark along
Bottom_quark
Hypothesized early universe process
is the decay reaction of B-mesogenesis. This phenomenon suggests that in the early universe, particles such as the B-meson decay into a visible Standard
Baryogenesis
Composite subatomic particle
atom) are examples of baryons; pions are an example of a meson. A tetraquark state (an exotic meson), named the Z(4430)−, was discovered in 2007 by the Belle
Hadron
Neutral B meson oscillations (or B–B oscillations) are one of the manifestations of the neutral particle oscillation, a fundamental prediction of the Standard
B–Bbar_oscillation
Meson particles which do not fit into the quark model
physics, exotic mesons are mesons that have quantum numbers not possible in the quark model; some proposals for non-standard quark model mesons could be: glueballs
Exotic_meson
Subatomic particle
The bottom eta meson (η b) or eta-b meson is a flavourless meson formed from a bottom quark and its antiparticle. It was first observed by the BaBar experiment
Bottom_eta_meson
Hypothetical faster-than-light particle
observer B which moves faster than light in A's frame but backwards in time in B's frame, and then B sends a reply which moves faster than light in B's frame
Tachyon
Elementary particle that mediates the strong force
between hadrons. The force mediators for these are other hadrons called mesons. Although in the normal phase of QCD single gluons may not travel freely
Gluon
Subatomic particle
meson (ω) is a flavourless meson formed from a superposition of an up quark–antiquark and a down quark–antiquark pair. It is part of the vector meson
Omega_meson
Hadron (subatomic particle) that is composed of three quarks
participate in the residual strong force, which is mediated by particles known as mesons. The most familiar baryons are protons and neutrons. These particles make
Baryon
Particle detector at Cornell University
contributions to particle physics. The experiment's primary focus was the study of B mesons, particles whose behavior provides key insights into the universe's matter-antimatter
CLEO_(particle_detector)
Subatomic particle having no substructure
confined in an envelope of gluons that confer vastly greater mass to the mesons and baryons where quarks occur, so values for quark masses cannot be measured
Elementary_particle
Type of quark
Examples of hadrons containing strange quarks include kaons (K), strange D mesons (D s), sigma baryons (Σ), and other strange particles. According to the
Strange_quark
Particle whose invariant mass is zero
phenomenon, known as neutrino oscillation, led to Canadian scientist Arthur B. McDonald and Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita sharing the 2015 Nobel Prize
Massless_particle
Type of quark
calculations give a more precise value: 2.01±0.14 MeV/c2. When found in mesons (particles made of one quark and one antiquark) or baryons (particles made
Up_quark
Topics referred to by the same term
Bethe (B), an unused name for the foe (equal to 1051 ergs) B, a modal logic bottom quark (symbol: b), an elementary particle B meson, a type of meson Boolean
B_(disambiguation)
Subatomic particle
collaboration) (2001). "Observation of tau neutrino interactions". Physics Letters B. 504 (3): 218–224. arXiv:hep-ex/0012035. Bibcode:2001PhLB..504..218D. doi:10
Tau_neutrino
Particle smaller than an atom
proton and neutron (the two nucleons) are by far the best known; and the mesons containing an even number of quarks (almost always 2, one quark and one
Subatomic_particle
Elementary subatomic particle with negative electric charge
because the energy to produce the τ+τ− pair is similar to the threshold for D meson production. The mass and spin of the tau were subsequently established by
Tau_(particle)
Class of elementary particles
Franco Sevilla M, Hamilton B, Kowalewski R, Kuhr T, Lüth V, Sato Y (2017). "A challenge to lepton universality in B meson decays". Nature. 546 (7657):
Lepton
Elementary particles that are force carriers
of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second, mesons, which are composite bosons, made of quarks; third, larger composite, non-force-carrying
Gauge_boson
Subatomic particle with positive charge
November 2008. Retrieved 2009-06-12. Carrihill-Knoll, K L; Rabin, B M; Shukitt-Hale, B; Joseph, J A; Carey, A (May 2007). "Amphetamine-induced taste aversion
Proton
Meson with total spin 0 and odd parity
physics, a pseudoscalar meson is a meson with total spin 0 and odd parity (usually notated as JP = 0− ). Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton–proton
Pseudoscalar_meson
Atoms composed of exotic particles
(previously called a mu-mesic atom, now known to be a misnomer as muons are not mesons), an electron is replaced by a muon, which, like the electron, is a lepton
Exotic_atom
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
bind with other quarks. Hadrons can contain either a quark-antiquark pair (mesons) or three quarks (baryons). The lightest baryons are the nucleons: the proton
Standard_Model
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Non-Gaussianity
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
and protons together in nuclei, and is due to virtual mesons such as the pi meson and rho meson. The weak nuclear force is the result of exchange by virtual
Virtual_particle
Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms
on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2020. Roger L. DeKock; Harry B. Gray; Harry B. Gray (1989). Chemical structure and bonding. University Science Books
Molecule
Bound state of an electron and positron
Andrzej; Karshenboim, Savely G. (2000). "Decays of Positronium". In Levchenko, B. B.; Savrin, V. I. (eds.). Proceedings of the International Workshop on High
Positronium
Type of quark
found in composite subatomic particles called hadrons such as the J/psi meson and the charmed baryons created in particle accelerator collisions. Several
Charm_quark
Subatomic particle
T mesons are hypothetical mesons composed of a top quark and one additional subatomic particle. The second subatomic particle can be either an up antiquark
T_meson
Meson whose constituents are a quark and its own antiquark of the same flavor
physics, quarkonium (from quark and -onium, pl. quarkonia) is a flavorless meson whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark, making it both
Quarkonium
Elementary particle
a strange/anti-strange pair, for example in the Φ meson. The classification of particles, as mesons and baryons, follows the quark/anti-quark and three
Strange_particle
Baryon made of specific quark combinations
τ = ħ/Γ is given instead. Delta baryon Hyperon Lambda baryon List of mesons List of particles Nucleon Omega baryon Physics portal Timeline of particle
Sigma_baryon
Hypothetical particle composed of gluons
difficult to identify in particle accelerators, because they mix with ordinary meson states. In pure gauge theory, glueballs are the only states of the spectrum
Glueball
Type of subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Fermion
Study of subatomic particles and forces
an even number are called mesons. Two baryons, the proton and the neutron, make up most of the mass of ordinary matter. Mesons are unstable and the longest-lived
Particle_physics
Elementary particle or quantum of light
protons and neutrons are substantially different. A theory called vector meson dominance (VMD) was developed to explain this effect. According to VMD,
Photon
List of particles in matter including fermions and bosons
exotic baryons may also exist. Ordinary mesons are made up of a valence quark and a valence antiquark. Because mesons have integer spin (0 or 1) and are not
List_of_particles
Meson with total spin 1 and odd parity
Vector mesons play a huge role in the study of the strong hadronic force. ρ meson ω meson φ meson K*(892) meson D* meson J/ψ meson ϒ meson θ meson List
Vector_meson
Charmed particle
a Λ c + {\displaystyle \Lambda _{\rm {c}}^{+}} baryon and three lighter mesons, K–, π+ and π+. Physics portal List of baryons Sébastien Gavois (Nextinpact
Ξcc++
Class of subatomic particle
Higgs boson) contributes to the phenomenon of mass. Other bosons, such as mesons, are composite particles made up of smaller constituents. Outside the realm
Boson
Fermionic superpartner of the axion
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Axino
Elementary particle involved with rest mass
no straight answer. [emphasis in original] The statement excludes spin-0 mesons, such as the pion, since they are known to be composites of pairs of spin-1/2
Higgs_boson
Classification scheme of hadrons
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula individually, so any additive assembly of them will as well. Mesons are made of a valence quark–antiquark pair (thus have a baryon number of
Quark_model
Particle with opposite charges
antiparticle and the particle coincide: pairs of photons, Z0 bosons, π0 mesons, and hypothetical gravitons and some hypothetical WIMPs all self-annihilate
Antiparticle
Subatomic particle
1940s. The first paper on it may be Shoichi Sakata and Takesi Inoue's two-meson theory of 1942, which also involved two neutrinos. In 1962 Leon M. Lederman
Muon_neutrino
Hypothetical elementary particle that mediates gravity
Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. Feynman, R. P.; Morinigo, F. B.; Wagner, W. G.; Hatfield, B. (1995). Feynman Lectures on Gravitation. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62734-5
Graviton
Type of atom
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Muonium
Core of an atom composed of nucleons
Gaffney, L. P.; Butler, P. A.; Scheck, M.; Hayes, A. B.; Wenander, F.; Albers, M.; Bastin, B.; Bauer, C.; Blazhev, A.; Bönig, S.; Bree, N.; Cederkäll
Atomic_nucleus
Colloquial term for the list of known subatomic particles
on High Energy Physics. Eightfold way (physics) List of baryons List of mesons List of particles Nuclear Technology. By Joseph A. Angelo. P. 12. Jacques
Particle_zoo
Subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Antiproton
Particle collider experiment
physics, a B-factory, or sometimes a beauty factory, is a particle collider experiment designed to produce and detect a large number of B mesons so that
B-factory
Tendency of matter subjected to an electric field to acquire an electric dipole moment
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Polarizability
Conceptual opposite of an electron
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Electron_hole
Subatomic particles consisting of quarks and gluons
"well-known" hadrons such as protons and neutrons contain three quarks and mesons pair a quark with an antiquark, exotic hadrons like pentaquarks contain
Exotic_hadron
Component of an atomic nucleus
orbital angular momentum (in the spectroscopic notation) of the nucleon–meson pair, produced when it decays, and I and J are the particle's isospin and
Nucleon
Baryon made of specific quark combinations
correctly distinguishing it as a baryon, rather than a meson, i.e. different in kind from the K meson discovered in 1947 by George Rochester and Clifford
Lambda_baryon
Smallest unit of a chemical element
particular chemical elements, the amount of Element A per measure of Element B will differ across these compounds by ratios of small whole numbers. This
Atom
Subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Antineutron
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
the 20 July 1956 issue of Science, Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines, Francis B. "Kiko" Harrison, Herald W. Kruse, and Austin D. McGuire published confirmation
Neutrino
Type of topological solutions in non-linear sigma models
\cdot ]} is the Lie bracket commutator, and tr is the matrix trace. The meson field (pion field, up to a dimensional factor) at spacetime coordinate x
Skyrmion
Bound state of a proton and antiprotron
through the strong interaction. Thus multiparticle interactions involving mesons in intermediate states may be important. Hence the production and study
Protonium
Boson with spin equal to zero
composite particles are scalar bosons, e.g. the alpha particle and scalar mesons. The φ4-theory or quartic interaction is a popular "toy model" quantum field
Scalar_boson
Effect in quantum electrodynamics
{1}{r+\delta r}}\right\rangle .} The Lamb shift itself is given by Δ E L a m b = α 5 m e c 2 k ( n , 0 ) 4 n 3 f o r ℓ = 0 {\displaystyle \Delta E_{\mathrm
Lamb_shift
Something that has mass and volume
as well as the ordinary quark and lepton, and thus also anything made of mesons, which are unstable particles made up of a quark and an antiquark. In the
Matter
Exotic particle made of an antiproton and positron
Stinzing, F.; Wolke, M. (1996). "Production of Antihydrogen". Physics Letters B. 368 (3): 251ff. Bibcode:1996PhLB..368..251B. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00005-6
Antihydrogen
Hypothetical subatomic particle
that has worked for the periodic table of elements and the quark model of mesons and baryons. Explain the reason for there being exactly three generations
Preon
Type of quark
Accelerator Center (SLAC) simultaneously announced the discovery of the J/ψ meson, it was soon after identified as a bound state of the missing charm quark
Top_quark
Elementary particle, fundamental constituent of matter
within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas. For this reason, much of what is known about
Quark
Type of strange baryon
year, agreed upon by Leprince-Ringuet, Bruno Rossi, C.F. Powell, William B. Fretter and Bernard Peters. Today, research in this area is carried out on
Hyperon
Physics term for multiple concepts
Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides"
Exotic_matter
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
WISP_(particle_physics)
Spin 1 quasiparticle; quantum of a spin wave
comparable to or smaller than the thermal energy, or ℏ ω < k B T {\displaystyle \hbar \omega <k_{\text{B}}T} , then the Stokes line becomes more intense, as follows
Magnon
Family of subatomic particles
936A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.85.936. Hahn, T. M.; Snyder, C. W.; Willard, H. B.; Bair, J. K.; Klema, E. D.; Kington, J. D.; Green, F. P. (1 March 1952).
Delta_baryon
supersymmetric particle. T meson, hypothetical mesons composed of a top quark and one additional subatomic particle. Examples include the theta meson, formed by a top
List of hypothetical particles
List_of_hypothetical_particles
Hypothetical elementary particle; supersymmetric partner of a gluon
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Gluino
Collective excitation in superfluid helium-4 (a quasiparticle)
Letters. 90: 250403. Retrieved 15 December 2025. Bisset, R. N.; Blakie, P. B. (26 June 2013). "Fingerprinting Rotons in a Dipolar Condensate: Super-Poissonian
Roton
Hypothetical composite particle
"Aspects of Split Supersymmetry". Nuclear Physics B. 709 (1–2): 3–46. arXiv:hep-ph/0409232. Bibcode:2005NuPhB.709....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.12.026
R-hadron
Type of quasiparticle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Dropleton
metamaterial". Physical Review B. 103 (22) 224520. arXiv:2006.12794. Bibcode:2021PhRvB.103v4520B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.103.224520. ISSN 2469-9950. Azcona
List_of_quasiparticles
Type of massless subatomic particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Goldstone_boson
Hypothetical elementary particle
Omega baryon Mesons Pion Rho meson Eta and eta prime mesons Bottom eta meson Phi meson J/psi meson Omega meson Upsilon meson Kaon B meson D meson Quarkonium
Superpartner
Boson with spin 1
interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and 1980s, intermediate vector bosons
Vector_boson
Type of quark
calculations give a more precise value: 4.79±0.16 MeV/c2. When found in mesons (particles made of one quark and one antiquark) or baryons (particles made
Down_quark
Hypothetical superpartner to the graviton
possible channel of decay must include either a photon, a charged lepton or a meson, each of which would be energetic enough to destroy a nucleus if it strikes
Gravitino
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