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See searches and references containing ELECTRON HOLE!ELECTRON HOLE
Conceptual opposite of an electron
electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is a quasiparticle denoting the lack of an electron at a position where one could
Electron_hole
Phenomenon in solid-state physics of semiconductors
recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated. Carrier generation and recombination
Carrier generation and recombination
Carrier_generation_and_recombination
Quasiparticle which is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole
An exciton is a bound state of an electron and an electron hole which are attracted to each other by the electrostatic Coulomb force resulting from their
Exciton
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
semiconductors. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions, and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors,
Semiconductor
Quantity in solid-state physics
quantity for holes, called hole mobility. The term carrier mobility refers in general to both electron and hole mobility. Electron and hole mobility are
Electron_mobility
Change in optical absorption by a semiconductor when an electric field is applied
of a free electron and a hole, the stronger the optical absorption will be. The Airy tails slightly overlap even if the electron and hole are at slightly
Franz–Keldysh_effect
Opening in the surface of an object
smallest holes observable by humans include pinholes and perforations, but the smallest phenomenon described as a hole is an electron hole, which is
Hole
Semiconductor analysis technique
in that it depends on the creation of electron–hole pairs in the semiconductor sample by the microscope's electron beam. This technique is used in semiconductor
Electron_beam-induced_current
Electron-hole droplets are a condensed phase of excitons in semiconductors. The droplets are formed at low temperatures and high exciton densities, the
Electron-hole_droplets
Device used to produce electricity from light
The absorption of light, generating excitons (bound electron-hole pairs), unbound electron-hole pairs (via excitons), or plasmons. The separation of
Solar_cell
Equation in solid-state physics
of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium. It states that, under thermal equilibrium, the product of the free electron concentration
Mass_action_law_(electronics)
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
(negative) side contains freely-moving electrons, while the "p" (positive) side contains freely-moving electron holes. Connecting the two materials causes
P–n_junction
Electrical phenomenon
semiconductor: free electrons (mobile electrons) and electron holes (mobile holes which are missing electrons from the normally-occupied electron states). A normally-bound
Avalanche_breakdown
Physical phenomenon
occurs in semiconductors. An electron and electron hole (electron-hole pair) can recombine, giving up their energy to an electron in the conduction band, increasing
Auger_effect
Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell
which has extra free electrons, and the other a p-type semiconductor, which is lacking free electrons, referred to as "holes." When initially placed
Shockley–Queisser_limit
Phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices
(HCI) is a phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices where an electron or a "hole" gains sufficient kinetic energy to overcome a potential barrier
Hot-carrier_injection
Mass of a particle when interacting with other particles
factors. For electrons or electron holes in a solid, the effective mass is usually stated as a factor multiplying the rest mass of an electron, me (9.11
Effective mass (solid-state physics)
Effective_mass_(solid-state_physics)
Type of second-generation solar cell
electron-hole pair. Both the electron and the hole in the electron-hole pair can move freely throughout the material as electricity. However, if the electron-hole
Thin-film_solar_cell
Type of high-power semiconductor diode
the electron–hole pairs are generated in the high field region. The generated electron immediately moves into the N region, while the generated holes drift
IMPATT_diode
bond allows the bonded electrons of neighboring atoms to move into the "hole", leaving another hole behind, thus propagating holes throughout the lattice
Theory_of_solar_cells
Dopant atom that, when added to a semiconductor, can form a p-type region
leaving an electron hole, which is a place where an electron is deficient. The hole, being positively charged, attracts another electron from a neighbouring
Acceptor_(semiconductors)
Chemical analysis technique
shell while creating an electron hole where the electron was. An electron from an outer, higher-energy shell then fills the hole, and the difference in
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Energy-dispersive_X-ray_spectroscopy
Electrical engineering equation
the decrease in hole current from one side of the diode to the other. This decrease is due to an excess of recombination of electron-hole pairs over generation
Shockley_diode_equation
Type of nuclear battery which generates electric current
betavoltaic devices use a non-thermal conversion process, converting the electron–hole pairs produced by the ionization trail of beta particles traversing
Betavoltaic_device
Elementary particle with negative charge
carriers (electrons and holes) can be finely tuned by doping, temperature, voltage and radiation – the basis of modern electronics. Electrons can exist
Electron
Acceleration of a photoreaction in the presence of a catalyst
is a solid that upon irradiation with UV- or visible light generates electron–hole pairs that generate free radicals. Nanophotocatalysis is the specialization
Photocatalysis
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
effective excited electron mass, and effective excited hole mass. Potential applications of quantum dots include single-electron transistors, solar cells
Quantum_dot
Concept in condensed matter physics
In another example, the aggregate motion of electrons in the valence band of a semiconductor or a hole band in a metal behave as though the material
Quasiparticle
Process in atomic physics
carriers. For example, in semiconductors, an electron (or hole) with enough kinetic energy can knock a bound electron out of its bound state (in the valence
Impact_ionization
Solution of Einstein field equations
radius rs, which implies that there is no event horizon, so a "black hole electron" would necessarily be a naked spinning ring singularity. Such a metric
Kerr–Newman_metric
Topics referred to by the same term
Electron Pair Production may refer to: Cooper pairing of electrons in superconductor Electron-positron pair production Electron-hole pair generation in
Electron_Pair_Production
Optical diode invented by Jun-Ichi Nishizawa
current once the flooded electrons and holes reach an equilibrium point, where the number of electrons is equal to the number of holes in the intrinsic region
PIN_diode
Quantum dot nanocrystal equation
r, as well as the effective mass of the excited electron me* and of the excited [[electron hole |hole]] mh*. The equation was named after Louis E. Brus
Brus_equation
Property of photosensitive devices
have more than twice the band gap energy and can create two or more electron-hole pairs per incident photon. Two types of quantum efficiency of a solar
Quantum_efficiency
Type of electron microscope
electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
Scanning_electron_microscope
Theoretical model of the vacuum
correct Dirac equation for electrons. The positron, the antimatter counterpart of the electron, was originally conceived of as a hole in the Dirac sea, before
Dirac_sea
Energy range in a solid where no electron states exist
required to promote an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. The resulting conduction-band electron (and the electron hole in the valence band)
Band_gap
Device measuring ionizing radiation
the radiation. Ionizing radiation produces free electrons and electron holes. The number of electron-hole pairs is proportional to the energy of the radiation
Semiconductor_detector
Topics referred to by the same term
to: Black hole Electron hole, a concept in physics and chemistry K-hole, a psychological state associated with ketamine use Sinkhole, a hole in the ground
Hole_(disambiguation)
Semiconductor flaw
primarily facilitated by minority carriers arising from thermally generated electron hole pairs. This current increases with temperature, as more minority charges
Reverse_leakage_current
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
electrical conductivity when exposed to light. The incident light generates electron-hole pairs in the material, altering its conductivity. Photoconductive detectors
Photodetector
Antiparticle of the electron
1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides
Positron
Q. Meng, N. Andrejevic, Y. Zhu, G. D. Mahan, and G. Chen, "Theory of electron-phonon-dislon interacting system – toward a quantized theory of dislocations"
List_of_quasiparticles
Limit of flowing current through a device
{\displaystyle D_{\text{p}},D_{\text{n}}} are the diffusion coefficients of holes and electrons, respectively, N D , N A {\displaystyle N_{\text{D}},N_{\text{A}}}
Saturation_current
Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) is an excited state electron transfer process by which an excited electron is transferred from donor to acceptor.
Photoinduced electron transfer
Photoinduced_electron_transfer
Compact astronomical body
lines in the X-ray range. As gas near the black hole plunges inward, high energy X-ray emission from electron-positron pairs illuminates the gas further out
Black_hole
Bound state of three charged particles
in crystals consists of two electrons and one hole, while a positively charged trion consists of two holes and one electron. The binding energy of a trion
Trion_(physics)
Light emission from substances after they absorb photons
e.g., from the radiative recombination of excitons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pair states in solids. Resonance fluorescence may also show significant
Photoluminescence
Electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor materials
conduction in a semiconductor occurs due to mobile or "free" electrons and electron holes, collectively known as charge carriers. Doping a semiconductor
Semiconductor_device
Branch of physical chemistry
Semiconductor materials have energy band gaps, and will generate a pair of electron and hole for each absorbed photon if the energy of the photon is higher than
Photoelectrochemistry
Analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces
core state electron can be removed leaving behind a hole. As this is an unstable state, the core hole can be filled by an outer shell electron, whereby
Auger_electron_spectroscopy
Type of quasiparticle
or quantum droplet is a quasiparticle comprising a collection of electrons and holes inside a semiconductor. Dropletons give the first known quasiparticle
Dropleton
Two-terminal electronic component
for electrons) with which the electrons "recombine". When a mobile electron recombines with a hole, both hole and electron vanish, leaving behind an immobile
Diode
Atmospheric electrical phenomenon
excited atoms in many aspects similar to electron-hole droplets in semiconductors. However, in contrast to electron-hole droplets, Rydberg matter has an extended
Ball_lightning
Highly sensitive semiconductor electronic device
is the ratio of the hole impact ionization rate to that of electrons. For an electron multiplication device it is given by the hole impact ionization rate
Avalanche_photodiode
Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells
energy below the band gap of the absorber material cannot generate an electron-hole pair, so their energy is not converted to useful output, and only generates
Solar-cell_efficiency
Type of electrical breakdown in semiconductors
minority carrier electrons in the transition region being accelerated, by the electric field, to energies sufficient for freeing electron-hole pairs via collisions
Zener_effect
Chemical compound
radical cations are electron holes contributing to charge transport through the nucleic acids. More importantly, electron holes initially generated on
Guanine_radical_cation
Equation for two-body bound states
Examples include positronium (bound state of an electron–positron pair), excitons (bound states of an electron–hole pairs), and mesons (as quark-antiquark bound
Bethe–Salpeter_equation
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 10–121nm
charge neutrality. An electron-hole pair is often referred to as an exciton. For highly energetic electrons, the electron-hole separation can be quite
Extreme_ultraviolet
Device that amplifies an optical signal
amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron–hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming
Optical_amplifier
Type of nonlinear electrostatic waves
produced by the two-stream instability. They have been observed as electron phase space holes (electrostatic solitary structures) and double layers in space
Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes
Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal_modes
Type of semiconductor current
semiconductor caused by the diffusion of charge carriers (electrons and/or electron holes). This is the current which is due to the transport of charges
Diffusion_current
Method to produce electricity from solar radiation
that converts light photons into current. The absorbed photons make electron–hole pairs in the depletion region. Photodiodes and photo transistors are
Photovoltaics
Measure of voltage induced by change of temperature
negatively charged carriers (such as electrons), and positive for positively charged carriers (such as electron holes). One way to define the Seebeck coefficient
Seebeck_coefficient
American physicist
magnetism, electronic spin relaxation, dynamic nuclear polarization, electron-hole droplets, nonlinear dynamics and chaos, and high-temperature superconductors
Carson_D._Jeffries
Semiconductor light source
to emit light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes, thereby releasing energy in the form of photons
Light-emitting_diode
Scientific model in solid-state physics
problems. Thus the electrons appear to be a 2D sheet embedded in a 3D world. The analogous construct of holes is called a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG), and
Two-dimensional_electron_gas
Semiconductor that has been doped
dopant is an atom which accepts an electron from the lattice, creating a vacancy where an electron should be called a hole which can move through the crystal
Extrinsic_semiconductor
Digital imaging circuit
depletion. Then, when electron–hole pairs are generated in the depletion region, they are separated by the electric field, the electrons move toward the surface
Charge-coupled_device
Schottky barrier solar cell
thin insulating layer, such as silicon dioxide, can reduce rates of electron-hole pair recombination and dark current by allowing the possibility of minority
Schottky_junction_solar_cell
Free-moving particle which carries an electric charge
free electrons are referred to as conduction electrons, and the cloud of free electrons is called a Fermi gas. Many metals have electron and hole bands
Charge_carrier
Pure semiconductor without any significant dopant species present
as extrinsic but only if n (electron donor dopant/excited electrons) is equal to p (electron acceptor dopant/vacant holes that act as positive charges)
Intrinsic_semiconductor
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such
Bipolar_junction_transistor
American chemist (1943–2026)
1063/1.445676. ISSN 0021-9606. Brus, L. E. (May 1, 1984). "Electron–electron and electron-hole interactions in small semiconductor crystallites: The size
Louis_E._Brus
Potential energy barrier in metal–semiconductor junctions
and the electron affinity of the semiconductor: Φ B n = Φ M − χ {\displaystyle \Phi _{B_{n}}=\Phi _{M}-\chi } While the barrier height for holes is equal
Schottky_barrier
Index of how far electrons travel through a solid before losing energy
majority of incident electrons lose their energy because they interact strongly with matter, leading to plasmon excitation, electron-hole pair formation, and
Inelastic_mean_free_path
basic principle of operation is the effect of spiral unsteadiness of electron-hole (p-n) plasmas. Electronic oscillator Larrabee R.D., Steel M.C. "Oscillistor
Oscillistor
Physical equations of light emission in semiconductors
result, the luminescence becomes directly generated by a photon-assisted electron–hole recombination, Π k , ω ≡ Δ ⟨ B ^ ω † P ^ k ⟩ {\displaystyle \Pi _{\mathbf
Semiconductor luminescence equations
Semiconductor_luminescence_equations
Former trimaran sailing vessel
Teignmouth Electron was a 41-foot trimaran sailing vessel designed explicitly for Donald Crowhurst’s ill-fated attempt to sail around the world in the
Teignmouth_Electron
bump-bonding process. Ionizing particles are detected as they produce electron-hole pairs through their interaction with the sensor element, usually made
Hybrid_pixel_detector
Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics
For example, the exciton binding energy is small. This allows electron holes and electrons to be easily separated upon the absorption of a photon. Moreover
Perovskite_solar_cell
Optical instrument
lasers that emit electromagnetic radiation through the recombination of electron–hole pairs across the material band gap, QCLs are unipolar, and laser emission
Quantum-cascade_laser
Molecular photophysics selection rule
potentially increasing solar cell efficiency by over 10% by generating two electron-hole pairs per high-energy photon. Singlet fission was first described in
Singlet_fission
Particle detector made of semiconductor strips
consists of the production of electron-hole pairs in a layer of silicon a few hundreds of micrometers thick. The free electrons are drifted by an electric
Microstrip_detector
semiconductor and a n-type semiconductor form a junction, the holes in the p-type side and the electrons in the n-type side tend to redistribute around the interface
Piezophototronics
First successful type of transistor, developed in 1947
an excess of electrons. When an electric signal traveled in through the gold foil, it injected electron holes (points which lack electrons). This created
Point-contact_transistor
Solar-cell architecture
absorber substrate. This creates electron–hole pairs that must be separated into electrons (negative charge carriers) and holes (positive charge carriers) by
Heterojunction_solar_cell
potential in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) by means of electrical gates such that electrons or electron holes are confined in the 2DEG plane.
Lateral_quantum_dot
Topics referred to by the same term
H+ or h+ may refer to: Electron hole, h+ the conceptual opposite of an electron [citation needed] Evolved High Speed Packet Access, H+ mobile phone icon
H+
Semiconductor analysis technique
light across its surface. The technique relies upon the generation of electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor material when exposed to photons. The device
Light-induced voltage alteration
Light-induced_voltage_alteration
Converts light into current
When a photon of sufficient energy strikes the diode, it creates an electron–hole pair. This mechanism is also known as the inner photoelectric effect
Photodiode
Scattering process at the normal-metal-superconductor interface
normal electron-electron or hole-hole scattering at the interface. Since the pair consists of an up and down spin electron, a second electron of opposite
Andreev_reflection
Form of radiography
create electron-hole pairs in a-Se, and the transit of these electrons and holes depends on the potential of the bias voltage charge. As the holes are replaced
Digital_radiography
Scientific law describing absorption of light
addition of absorption coefficient α {\displaystyle \alpha } (creation of electron-hole pairs) or scattering (for example Rayleigh scattering if the scattering
Beer–Lambert_law
Analytical technique to determine structure and composition of materials
that each ion incident on the detector will produce some number of electron-hole pairs which is dependent on the energy of the ion. These pairs can be
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Rutherford_backscattering_spectrometry
Types of energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist
if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon.
Direct_and_indirect_band_gaps
Emission of light created by pressure
This phenomenon is characterized by recombination processes involving electrons, holes, and impurity ion centres. Some piezoelectric crystals give off a certain
Piezoluminescence
Device that emites acoustic radiation
pumping creates electrons and holes with the same rate. A mathematical analysis, leads to an equation for the average number of electron–hole pairs per one
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
Conventions to describe crystals
this is usually used to describe lattice site, not species) electrons – e electron holes – h S indicates the lattice site that the species occupies. For
Kröger–Vink_notation
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