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Functional tissue of the brain
Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as
Brain_cell
Primary cell of the nervous system
predominantly within the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system. Neurons receive and conduct impulses, communicating with other cells via synapses.
Neuron
Organ central to the nervous system
species are composed primarily of two broad classes of brain cells: neurons and glial cells. Glial cells (also known as glia or neuroglia) come in several
Brain
Type of brain cell
κύτος, kútos, "cavity", "cell"), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform
Astrocyte
Mail art project
Brain Cell Repulsion is a mail art project begun by Ryosuke Cohen in June 1985. The project is a networked art project where individual artists contribute
Brain_Cell_Repulsion
Central organ of the human nervous system
supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible
Human_brain
Computer composed of organic material
applied biorobotics. Cells in many ways can be seen as their form of naturally occurring wetware, similar to the concept that the human brain is the preexisting
Wetware_computer
Theoretical medical procedure in which the brain is placed into a different body
A brain transplant, brain cell transplant, or whole-body transplant is a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of
Brain_transplant
Glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord
of glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia account for around 5–10% of cells found within
Microglia
Visceral tissue found inside organs of animals
needed] The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. It is also
Parenchyma
American medical institution
Allen Institute conducts large-scale basic science research studying the brain, cells and immune system in an effort to accelerate science and disease research
Allen_Institute
Swiss brain research initiative
networks using algebraic topology. In 2018, Blue Brain Project released its first digital 3D brain cell atlas which, according to ScienceDaily, is like
Blue_Brain_Project
Support-cells in the nervous system
dictionary. Glia, also called glial cells or neuroglia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and in the peripheral
Glia
Australian biological computing company
having ethical approval for generating cell lines. Mannix, Liam (2025-09-30). "Artificial brain, real human brain cells: The weird, possible future of computing"
Cortical_Labs
Artificial miniature brain like organ
tissue resembling parts of the human brain. Cerebral organoids are created by culturing pluripotent stem cells into a three-dimensional culture that
Cerebral_organoid
Neoplasm in the brain
A brain tumor (sometimes referred to as brain cancer) occurs when a group of cells within the brain grow out of control, creating a mass. There are two
Brain_tumor
Preserved brain of the scientist
intelligence. Studies have suggested an increased number of glial cells in Einstein's brain. Einstein's autopsy was conducted in the lab of Thomas Stoltz
Brain_of_Albert_Einstein
Academic journal
Brain Cell Biology was a journal from 2006 to 2008 that published by Spring Nature. The journal was the successor to the earlier journal of the Journal
Brain_Cell_Biology
Video game homebrew scene
publishing a YouTube video demonstrating approximately 200,000 human brain cells controlling a copyright-free version of Doom, called Freedoom. To be
It_runs_Doom
Semipermeable capillary interface between blood and the brain
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between
Blood–brain_barrier
Destruction or degeneration of brain cells
Brain injury, also known as brain damage or neurotrauma, is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. It may result from external trauma, such as
Brain_injury
Set of neuroscience techniques
and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging, immunohistochemistry, molecular & optogenetics, stem cell and cellular biology
Brain_mapping
Surgical procedure
Foetal brain cell graft is a surgical procedure that can be used as a regenerative treatment for various neurological conditions, but was mainly explored
Foetal_brain_cell_graft
Canadian thrash metal band
Dead Brain Cells, often abbreviated as DBC, are a Canadian thrash metal band that was initially active from 1986 to 1991, and they have reunited occasionally
Dead_Brain_Cells
Condition that affects the arteries that supply the brain
vascularized area within an unborn infant's brain from which brain cells, including neurons and glial cells, originate. Infants are at most risk to germinal
Cerebrovascular_disease
Group of fictional characters in Marvel Comics
himself up as their king and forced them to fight for the right to live. Brain Cell - A mutant with telepathy. Current whereabouts and status unknown. Marilou
Morlocks_(comics)
Myth regarding human brain usage
100 percent of the brain". Although several parts of the brain have broadly understood functions, the manner in which brain cells (i.e. neurons and glia)
Ten-percent-of-the-brain_myth
Topics referred to by the same term
Brain damage is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage or Brain Damage may also refer to: Brain Damage (film), a 1988 comedy horror
Brain_damage_(disambiguation)
Mouse brain-cell line
is a mouse brain cell line derived from BALB/c mice. The cell line is commonly used in vascular research and studies of endothelial brain tissue. In particular
BEnd.3
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
tiny granule cells, the cerebellum contains more neurons than the total from the rest of the brain, but takes up only 10% of the total brain volume. The
Cerebellum
Controlling biological cells with light
or other cell types with light. This is achieved by expression of light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes in the target brain cells. A specialization
Optogenetics
specific group of cells. SLAVs occurrence in the brain is estimated to be of 0.58–1 SLAVs per cell and to involve 44–63% of the brain cells.[citation needed]
Human_somatic_variation
Hypothetical neuron that responds to a single concept
studied these and other cells, eventually resulting in their widely known 1959 paper "What the frog’s eye tells the frog’s brain." Around 1969, Lettvin
Grandmother_cell
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
nerves do not lie entirely within the nerves themselves—their cell bodies reside within the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral ganglia. All animals more advanced
Nervous_system
Lining of the ventricular system of the brain
ependyma is made up of ependymal cells called ependymocytes, a type of glial cell. These cells line the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the
Ependyma
Research institute based in Seattle, WA, USA
for Brain Science is a scientific division of the Allen Institute, a nonprofit research organization that also includes the Allen Institute for Cell Science
Allen Institute for Brain Science
Allen_Institute_for_Brain_Science
Field of study in computer science and biology
biological wetware computing using 3D cultures of human brain cells (or brain organoids) and brain–machine interface technologies. Such technologies may
Organoid_intelligence
Stroke resulting from lack of blood flow
that can lead to cell death through one or more pathways. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI scanning will show damaged area in the brain. A CT scan will
Cerebral_infarction
Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types
List_of_human_cell_types
Scientific study of the nervous system
general conclusions about cell types; for example that the human and mouse brain have different versions of fundamentally the same cell types. Basic questions
Neuroscience
2006 Polish film
Yob, or The Last Brain Cell (Polish: Job, czyli ostatnia szara komórka) is a 2006 Polish comedy film directed by Konrad Niewolski. The film is a set of
Yob,_or_The_Last_Brain_Cell
Formation of the folds of the brain's cerebral cortex
gyrification is thought to be increased speed of brain cell communication, since cortical folds allow for cells to be closer to one other, requiring less time
Gyrification
Boston University brain injury research center
and the protein called tau, which slowly forms clumps in the brain that kill brain cells. This often results in subjects experiencing depression, anxiety
Boston University CTE Center and Brain Bank
Boston_University_CTE_Center_and_Brain_Bank
Outer layer of the cerebrum of the mammalian brain
hypothesis". Brain. 123 Pt 12 (12): 2373–2399. doi:10.1093/brain/123.12.2373. PMID 11099442. "Scientists identify a new kind of human brain cell". Allen Institute
Cerebral_cortex
Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In cellular neuroscience, the soma (pl.: somata or somas; from Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or cell body, is the bulbous
Soma_(biology)
Permanent loss of brain function
Brain death is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function, which may include cessation of involuntary activity (e.g., breathing)
Brain_death
Quantum interpretation of neuroscience
Holonomic brain theory is a branch of neuroscience investigating the idea that consciousness is formed by quantum effects in or between brain cells. Holonomic
Holonomic_brain_theory
Oxygen shortage of the brain
cerebral ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis, resulting in a hypoxic brain injury. Cases of total oxygen deprivation are termed
Cerebral_hypoxia
Overview of and topical guide to the human brain
excitable cells that make up the brain Place cell Grid cell Border cell Head direction cell Spatial view cell Pyramidal cell Granule cell Synapse Chemical
Outline_of_the_human_brain
Cancer that has metastasized (spread) to the brain from another location in the body
secondary brain tumor. The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer
Brain_metastasis
Overview of animal and human brain evolution
of the brain is the progressive development and complexity of neural structures over millions of years, resulting in the diverse range of brain sizes and
Evolution_of_the_brain
Type of malignant cancer
cancers). Symptomatic metastasis of SCCP to the brain is rare, and carries a poor prognosis. Small-cell carcinoma of the lung usually presents in the central
Small-cell_carcinoma
Replacement of broken-down proteins
in brain cells the same as any other eukaryotic cells, but that "knowledge of those aspects of control and regulation specific or peculiar to brain is
Protein_turnover
Neuroscientific theory
neurons involves the use of non-physiological experimental stimulation of brain cells. However, some of the physiologically relevant synapse modification mechanisms
Hebbian_theory
Fringe hypothesis
effects, interacting in smaller features of the brain than cells, may play an important part in the brain's function and could explain critical aspects of
Quantum_mind
Classification of disease severity
obtained by performing an autopsy of the brain. The main pathological characteristic of Parkinson's disease is cell death in the substantia nigra. In particular
Braak_staging
Spanish neuroscientist who discovered Microglia (1882–1945)
Spanish neuroscientist who first distinguished microglia from the other brain cell types. Río Hortega was born in Portillo, Valladolid on 5 May 1882. He
Pío_del_Río_Hortega
Region of the hippocampus in the brain
during brain development. In rats, approximately 85% of the granule cells are generated after birth. In humans, it is estimated that granule cells begin
Dentate_gyrus
Possession of multiple genetic lineages within a multi-cellular organism
one cell during development, in which case the mutation will be passed on only to its daughter cells (and will be present only in certain adult cells).
Mosaic_(genetics)
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
interpreted by the brain. This mechanoelectrical transduction is mediated with hair cells within the ear. Depending on the movement, the hair cell can either
Sensory_neuron
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve
the whiskers to the brain. Cell bodies of the whisker primary afferents are found here. These afferents are mechanoreceptor cells that fire in response
Trigeminal_ganglion
American scientist and inventor
early work focused on the causes of brain cell death. His recent research has been on methods of repairing damaged brain tissue, and, in tandem with other
Paul_R._Sanberg
Clusters of neurons in the peripheral nervous system
few nerve cell bodies. The restriction of the ganglion to refer to structures in the peripheral nervous system postdates the naming of brain structures
Ganglion
2005 German film
Yegor's brain cells coexist in the same head. Six months later, William has returned to the U.S. and is still sharing his body with Yegor's brain now completely
Man_with_the_Screaming_Brain
High sodium concentration in the blood
to flow into brain cells and causes them to swell. This can lead to cerebral edema, potentially resulting in seizures, permanent brain damage, or death
Hypernatremia
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
results in an abnormal mutant protein (mHTT), which gradually damages brain cells through a number of possible mechanisms. The mutant protein is dominant
Huntington's_disease
Subtype of glial cell in the central nervous system
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, NG2-glia, O2A cells, or polydendrocytes, are a subtype of glia
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell
Vertebrate brain region
Stained brain slice images which include the "hippocampus" at the BrainMaps project Diagram of a Hippocampal Brain Slice Hippocampus – Cell Centered
Hippocampus
blood–brain barrier—a protective shield that keeps harmful substances out of the brain. The blood-brain barrier is made up of endothelial cells, pericytes
Mural_cell
American neuroscientist
neural activity using light. He was the editor-in-chief of the journal Brain Cell Biology when the journal had published the 2008 special issue on optogenetic
George_J._Augustine
Degradation of functioning of the brain
Aging brain refers to biological and functional changes that occur in the brain as individuals advance in age. It encompasses both the normal alterations
Aging_brain
Comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain
indispensable basis for the mechanistic interpretation of dynamic brain data, from single-cell recordings to functional neuroimaging. The terms connectome and
Connectome
Thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex
granule cells form the thick granular layer of the cerebellar cortex and are among the smallest neurons in the brain. (The term granule cell is used for
Cerebellar_granule_cell
Toxic effects on the nervous system
eventually disrupt or even kill neurons, which are cells that transmit and process signals in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
HeLa (/ˈhiːlɑː/) Cell Line is an immortalized cell line used in biological experimentation and research. It is the oldest human cell line and one of the
HeLa
Any biological cell forming the body of an organism
In cellular biology, a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular
Somatic_cell
Body part used for neuroscience research
mouse and human brain are 90% identical. Transgenic mouse lines also allow neuroscientists to specifically target the labeling of certain cell types to probe
Mouse_brain
Use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2024[update], the only FDA-approved therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic
Stem-cell_therapy
Ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum
the Primate Brain". Cell. 169 (6): 1013–1028.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.011. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 8088389. PMID 28575666. "How the brain distinguishes
Visual_perception
American biomedical research organization
prevent the destruction of brain cells, and how the p75 neurotrophin receptor —a protein involved in the development of brain cells— plays unexpected roles
Gladstone_Institutes
2015–2020 manhwa by Lee Dong-gun
her brain cells, tiny blue-hooded cells that control her every mood, thought, and action. Yumi's Block Pang Yumi's Cells: My Dream House Yumi's Cells: The
Yumi's_Cells_(webtoon)
Conjectured means by which memories are stored
physical activation of a specific small subpopulation of brain cells. By reactivating these cells by physical means in mice, such as shining light on neurons
Engram_(neuropsychology)
Areas of neuronal cell bodies in the brain
neuronal cell bodies. Grey matter refers to unmyelinated neurons and other cells of the central nervous system. It is present in the brain, brainstem
Grey_matter
2D cellular automaton devised by Brian Silverman
cellular automaton's name, some websites compare the automaton to a brain and each of its cells to a neuron, which can be in three different states: ready (off)
Brian's_Brain
Tumor of the glial cells of the brain or spine
glial cells of the brain or spinal cord. Gliomas comprise about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumors and 80% of all malignant brain tumors
Glioma
Excess accumulation of fluid in the brain
edema is linked to cell death in the brain through excessive cellular swelling. During cerebral ischemia for example, the blood–brain barrier remains intact
Cerebral_edema
Aggressive type of brain cancer
very large before producing symptoms. Since the function of glial cells in the brain is to support neurons, they have the ability to divide, to enlarge
Glioblastoma
Medical condition
damage to the blood–brain barrier and swelling of the brain. One of the proteins activated by the presence of calcium in the cell is calpain, a Ca2+-dependent
Diffuse_axonal_injury
Inflammation of nervous tissue
blood–brain barrier (BBB), a specialized structure composed of astrocytes and endothelial cells. However, circulating peripheral immune cells may surpass
Neuroinflammation
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
three brain regions are outlined below. Hippocampus: The hippocampus is responsible for learning and memory processes. In AS models, hippocampal cell function
Angelman_syndrome
American geneticist
1950) is an American geneticist known for his discovery of stem cells in the adult human brain. Gage is a former president (2018–2023) of the Salk Institute
Fred_Gage
English serial killer (born 1953)
the brain of one of the men he killed in prison, which earned him the nickname "Hannibal the Cannibal" from parts of the British press and "The Brain Eater"
Robert_Maudsley
Endogenous regeneration in the brain is the ability of cells to engage in the repair and regeneration process. While the brain has a limited capacity for
Endogenous_regeneration
Pakistani neuro-scientist
Pakistani-born Pakistani neuro-scientist. He is the first scientist to connect brain cells to a silicon chip, creating the world's first neurochip. Syed has travelled
Naweed_Syed
Brain cell database and website
different types of cells in the central nervous system originate from varying gene expression. A map of gene expression in the brain allows researchers
Allen_Brain_Atlas
Death of a region of brain cells due to poor blood flow
medical condition in which blood flow to a part of the brain is reduced or blocked causing cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due
Stroke
Type of integrated circuit chip
network of brain cells that reconnect on a silicon chip—or the brain on a microchip—have developed new technology that monitors brain cell activity at
Neurochip
neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether. Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions
List of animals by number of neurons
List_of_animals_by_number_of_neurons
Spanish neuroscientist (1852–1934)
of the brain made him a pioneer of modern neuroscience. Hundreds of his drawings illustrating the arborization (tree-like growth) of brain cells are still
Santiago_Ramón_y_Cajal
Highly aggressive brain tumor, mostly found in children
marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell rescue has not demonstrated any effectiveness in brain stem gliomas. Future clinical trials may involve
Diffuse_midline_glioma
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