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Protein found in humans
Calpain-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN9 gene. Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases
Calpain-9
Protease enzyme present in mammals and other organisms
A calpain (/ˈkælpeɪn/; EC 3.4.22.52, EC 3.4.22.53) is a protein belonging to the family of calcium-dependent, non-lysosomal cysteine proteases (proteolytic
Calpain
Enzyme
Calpain-1 (EC 3.4.22.52, mu-calpain, calcium-activated neutral protease I) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Broad endopeptidase
Calpain-1
Protein found in humans
Calpain-1 catalytic subunit (CAPN 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN1 gene. The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, are
Calpain-1_catalytic_subunit
Protein-coding gene in humans
Calpain-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN5 gene. Calpains are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases involved in signal transduction in
CAPN5
Calpain-2 (EC 3.4.22.53, calcium-activated neutral protease II, m-calpain, milli-calpain) is an intracellular heterodimeric calcium-activated cysteine
Calpain-2
Protein found in humans
Calpain small subunit 1 (CSS1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPNS1 gene. Calpains are a ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent
Calpain_small_subunit_1
Protein found in humans
Calpain-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN3 gene. Calpain, a heterodimer consisting of a large and a small subunit, is a major intracellular
Calpain-3
Protein-coding gene in humans
Calpain-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN10 gene. Calpains are ubiquitous, well-conserved family of calcium-dependent, cysteine proteases
CAPN10
Form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
dysregulation plays a role. Calpain 3 is unique from other calpain proteases in that it is relatively specific to muscle. Calpain 3 is both a protease and
Calpainopathy
Protein found in humans
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAPN2 gene. The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, are nonlysosomal
Calpain-2_catalytic_subunit
Protein found in humans
an endogenous calpain (calcium-dependent cysteine protease) inhibitor. It consists of an N-terminal domain L and four repetitive calpain-inhibition domains
Calpastatin
Largest known protein in human muscles
Biology. 9 (10): 377–380. doi:10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01641-4. PMID 10481174. Sorimachi H, Ono Y, Suzuki K (2000). "Skeletal Muscle-Specific Calpain, p94,
Titin
Medical condition
cell is calpain, a Ca2+-dependent non-lysosomal protease. About 15 minutes to half an hour after the onset of injury, a process called calpain-mediated
Diffuse_axonal_injury
Pork from a leg cut that has been preserved by wet or dry curing
1016/0309-1740(89)90042-9. PMID 22054673. Sárraga, Carmen; Gil, Marta; García-Regueiro, José Antonio (1993). "Comparison of calpain and cathepsin (B,L and
Ham
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
N, Nakamura T, Hirashima M (April 2003). "Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway". Journal of Immunology. 170 (7):
Galectin-9
Process that kills nerve cells
enzymes, including phospholipases, endonucleases, and proteases such as calpain. These enzymes go on to damage cell structures such as components of the
Excitotoxicity
Chemical compound
uninterpretable. For example, leupeptin could be used in a calpain extraction to keep calpain from being hydrolyzed by specific proteases. The suggested
Leupeptin
Cytoskeletal protein
axonal injury, spectrin is irreversibly cleaved by the proteolytic enzyme calpain, destroying the cytoskeleton. Spectrin cleavage causes the membrane to
Spectrin
Form of programmed cell death
activity, which also can cause apoptosis via a calcium binding protease calpain. The intrinsic pathway is also known as the mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondria
Apoptosis
Muscular degenerative disorder primarily of the hip and shoulders
regions, but non-coding causative variants were also reported. In Euroasia, Calpain-3 (CAPN3) mutations are the most common cause of LGMD. However, in northern
Limb–girdle muscular dystrophy
Limb–girdle_muscular_dystrophy
Fan fiction of My Little Pony
anymore? My Little Pony / Fallout novels". Destructoid. Retrieved July 9, 2021. Calpain (January 17, 2016). "Pony History of the Day - Rainbow Dash Presents
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fan fiction
My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic_fan_fiction
Chemical compound
death in spinal cord injury (SCI) requires de novo protein synthesis. Calpain inhibitor E-64-d provides neuroprotection in SCI lesion and penumbra".
Aloxistatin
Chemical compound
are also known to inhibit certain lysosomal cysteine proteases and the calpains hence MG132 may not be exclusive inhibitor of proteasomal pathway. Lee
MG132
2017 animated film directed by Jayson Thiessen
Sparkle". Facebook. September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2017. Calpain (September 20, 2017). "America's Got Talent Special MLP Movie Sneak Peak[sic]"
My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)
My_Little_Pony:_The_Movie_(2017_film)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
stiffness and modulate behavior through the calpain-integrin-E-cadherin pathway. Beginning with the activation of calpain, a protease that modulates the cytoskeleton
PIEZO1
Structures which transmit force and signals between a cell and the extracellular matrix
is that the calcium-dependent protease calpain is involved: it has been shown that the inhibition of calpain leads to the inhibition of focal adhesion-ECM
Focal_adhesion
Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
Chishti A, Bi X, Baudry M (November 2013). "Distinct roles for μ-calpain and m-calpain in synaptic NMDAR-mediated neuroprotection and extrasynaptic NMDAR-mediated
NMDA_receptor
Fans of My Little Pony
Evolution Of Twilight Sparkle". HuffPost TV Canada. Retrieved March 9, 2015. Calpain. "Kiki Memorial and Art Gathering". Equestria Daily. Retrieved February
Brony_fandom
Chemical compound
PMC 32181. PMID 11231888. Wang, K.; et al. (1996). "Maitotoxin induces calpain activation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and cerebrocortical cultures"
Maitotoxin
Primary cell of the nervous system
eventually disintegrate. The disintegration is dependent on ubiquitin and calpain proteases (caused by the influx of calcium ions), suggesting that axonal
Neuron
Class of enzymes
from papaya latex, bromelase (bromelain) extracted from pineapple stem, calpain, caspases, cathepsin B, and chymopapain. Cysteine endopeptidases with similar
Ficain
Protein domain
Finally, talin is a substrate for the calcium-ion activated protease, calpain II, which is also concentrated at points of cell–substratum contact. Talin
Talin_(protein)
Season of television series
Calpain (January 19, 2015). "PonyCon 2015 To Premiere New Season 5 Trailer With MLP Directors!". Equestria Daily. Retrieved January 20, 2015. Calpain
My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic season 5
My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic_season_5
2013 animated film
13, 2013. Calpain (September 29, 2015). "Ratings For The 'Friendship Games' Are In". Equestria Daily. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved
My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (film)
My_Little_Pony:_Equestria_Girls_(film)
Structure in the basal ganglia of the brain
alpha-synuclein inclusions via the activation of calpain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 41890–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306017200. PMID 12917442
Substantia_nigra
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SJ, Wang HY, Chen LY (2003). "Screening the proteins that interact with calpain in a human heart cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system". Hypertens
SH3BGR
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
modulate cell susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting calpain activity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same
GAS2
Rare type of stroke
a series of enzymes like phospholipase A2 (PLA2), COX-2, calcineurin, calpain, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinases
Spinal_cord_stroke
Subspecies of bird
of type I compared to type II fibres as well as high concentrations of calpain/calpastatin systems in numerous muscle groups in this subspecies are believed
Masai_ostrich
Chemical compound
uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. NNK activates μ en m-calpain kinase[clarification needed], which induces lung metastasis via the ERK1/2
NNK
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
Ashraf MZ (February 2014). "Altered expression of platelet proteins and calpain activity mediate hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype". Blood. 123 (8):
Platelet
French researcher (1929–2024)
juveniles, rediscovered in a genetic isolate from Reunion Island, with Calpain 3 deficiency, dystrophies subsequently found throughout the world. This
Michel_Fardeau
Chemical compound
inhibit many cysteine peptidases such as papain, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, calpain and staphopain. The low toxic effects of the inhibitor, in addition to
E-64
Destructive fragmentation of the nucleus of a dying cell
membrane rupture. Here, nuclear destabilization is mediated by the protease calpain, which cleaves lamins and promotes nuclear envelope breakdown. Unlike karyorrhexis
Karyorrhexis
Family of proteins that form microfilaments
of apoptosis". Oncogene. 14 (9): 1007–1012. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200919. PMID 9070648. Wang KK (January 2000). "Calpain and caspase: can you tell the
Actin
Family of regulator genes
Myc cleavage is mediated by the calpain family of calcium-dependent cytosolic proteases. The cleavage of Myc by calpains is a constitutive process but is
Myc
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
staurosporine, HL-60, or EOL cells, ATG5 undergoes N-terminal cleavage by Calpain-1 and Calpain-2. The cleaved ATG5 translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria
Autophagy_protein_5
Transmembrane receptors involved in cellular adhesion and signalling
PMID 15802494. Media related to Integrins at Wikimedia Commons Talin substrate for calpain – PMAP The Proteolysis Map animation. Integrins at the U.S. National Library
Integrin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
effectors of the resolution of inflammation". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 9 (1): 62–70. doi:10.1038/nri2470. PMID 19104500. S2CID 29352038. Goppelt-Struebe
Annexin_A1
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
and causes activation of complement and kinins. This group includes the calpains. Basic proteases (or alkaline proteases) Proteases are involved in digesting
Protease
Protein found in humans
PMC 26159. PMID 8962078. Selvakumar P, Sharma RK (May 2007). "Role of calpain and caspase system in the regulation of N-myristoyltransferase in human
Caspase_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
N-terminal half shares moderate homology with regions of calmodulin and M-calpain, suggesting that it may also bind calcium. Functional studies indicate
BCCIP
Family of transcription factor protein complexes
Simpkins JW, Barger SW (March 2007). "Glutamate receptor activation evokes calpain-mediated degradation of Sp3 and Sp4, the prominent Sp-family transcription
NF-κB
Chemical compound
"Naphthoquinone-Induced Cataract in Mice: Possible Involvement of Ca2+ Release and Calpain Activation". Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 17 (4): 383–392
1,2-Naphthoquinone
Network of filamentous proteins that forms the internal framework of cells
PMID 35954302. Huh GY, Glantz SB, Je S, Morrow JS, Kim JH (December 2001). "Calpain proteolysis of alpha II-spectrin in the normal adult human brain". Neuroscience
Cytoskeleton
Death of a cell mediated by intracellular program, often as part of development
Autophagy Autoschizis Bcl-2 BH3 interacting domain death agonist (BID) Calpains Caspases Cell damage Cornification Cytochrome c Cytotoxicity Diablo homolog
Programmed_cell_death
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
specific proteases, the resulting peptide is called the "mature" form. Calpain, a calcium-activated cysteine protease, associated with the plasma membrane
Interleukin_1-alpha
calcium that activates the calcium-dependent protease calpain. It has been shown that activated calpain proteolytically cleaves CRMP-3, creating a cleavage
Collapsin response mediator protein family
Collapsin_response_mediator_protein_family
inhibitors like HAI-1 and HAI-2, which limit its proteolytic activity, and calpain-1, which can reduce hepsin's functional levels on the cell surface by cleaving
Hepsin
Charity of fans of My Little Pony
Archived from the original on August 27, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2025. Calpain (June 8, 2013). "Kiki Memorial and Art Gathering". Equestria Daily. Retrieved
Charity of the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic fandom
Charity_of_the_My_Little_Pony:_Friendship_Is_Magic_fandom
Protein pore formed in mitochondria under pathological conditions
mitochondria, and which can activate harmful calcium-dependent proteases such as calpain. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also produced as a result of opening
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Mitochondrial_permeability_transition_pore
Cascading failure of the vascular system
radicals, reactive oxygen species and calcium-dependent enzymes such as calpain, endonucleases, ATPases, and phospholipases in a process called excitotoxicity
Ischemic_cascade
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
molecules involved in signal transduction. This protein is a substrate of calpain II. A second transcript from this gene has been described, but its full
TNS1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SJ, Wang HY, et al. (2003). "Screening the proteins that interact with calpain in a human heart cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system". Hypertens
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5
Protein_arginine_methyltransferase_5
Mode of locomotion in eukaryotic cells
focal adhesion sites could result in the calcium-induced activation of calpain, and consequently the detachment of focal adhesions which completes the
Amoeboid_movement
Protein found in humans
involved. As well as phosphorylation, truncation through proteases such as calpains, and nitration, probably through nitric oxide (NO) or other reactive nitrogen
Alpha-synuclein
Indian scholar and academician
during these studies, he discovered the role played by novel regulator “Calpain” in pathogenesis of thrombosis. He has published a number of articles;
Mohammad_Zahid_Ashraf
Dopamine-releasing portion of the substantia nigra
-Synuclein Inclusions via the Activation of Calpain". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (43): 41890–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306017200. PMID 12917442. Martin
Pars_compacta
Chemical compound
attributed to modulating the activity of calcium-dependent proteases called calpains. A 2009–2011 phase 3 clinical trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis did
Olesoxime
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
3 (SH3) domain and blocks calpain susceptibility by phosphorylating Tyr1176". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (9): 7735–7741. doi:10.1074/jbc
SPTAN1
Family of transport proteins
regulates cell adhesion by controlling the calcium-dependent protease calpain". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (16): 11260–11270. Bibcode:2006JBiCh.28111260S. doi:10
TRPM
Protein family
I78 family includes Aspergillus elastase inhibitor. Aprotinin Bestatin Calpain inhibitor I and II Chymostatin E-64 Leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal)
Protease_inhibitor_(biology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SJ, Wang HY, Chen LY (2003). "Screening the proteins that interact with calpain in a human heart cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system". Hypertens
CREG1
Human disease
calcium, leading to the activation of cysteine proteases known as calpains. Increased calpains activation is associated which cell death. As of 2021, dantrolene
Wolfram_syndrome
Vertebrate receptor protein and transcription factor
invertebrates. TGF-β activators include proteases such as plasmin, cathepsins, and calpains. Thrombospondin 1, a glycoprotein that inhibits angiogenesis, and matrix
Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
doi:10.1074/jbc.M010002200. PMID 11320080. Patzke H, Tsai LH (March 2002). "Calpain-mediated cleavage of the cyclin-dependent kinase-5 activator p39 to p29"
CDK5R2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Once binding to this epitope, gal-4 promotes apoptosis of T cells in calpain-dependent manner and reduces the secretion of cytokines including IL-6
Galectin-4
Broad-spectrum antiviral medication
B, Townsend JA, Hu Y, Szeto T, et al. (2020). "Boceprevir, GC-376, and calpain inhibitors II, XII inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral replication by targeting the
GC376
Protein found in humans
O, Bestvater F, Holloschi A, et al. (July 2002). "Ionomycin-activated calpain triggers apoptosis. A probable role for Bcl-2 family members". The Journal
Bcl-2
Protein
44% helical with 14 helices containing 117 residues, and 4% beta sheet with 9 strands containing 13 residues. In 2018 the X-ray crystal structure of human
Calbindin
Chemical compound
prevents down-regulation of Ca2+-impermeable GluR2 receptors and inhibits calpain, a Ca2+-activated protease that is activated during apoptosis. It is used
Aurintricarboxylic_acid
Biological process of axonal degeneration
cytoskeleton components. The disintegration is dependent on ubiquitin and calpain proteases (caused by influx of calcium ion), suggesting that axonal degeneration
Wallerian_degeneration
Family of enzymes
transcription factor inhibitor IκB, the vitamin D3 receptor VDR, Raf kinase, calpain, and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Upon activation, protein kinase
Protein_kinase_C
Protein found in humans
belongs to the penta-EF-hand subfamily of proteins which includes sorcin, calpain, and ALG-2. Grancalcin localization is dependent upon calcium and magnesium
Grancalcin
Protein-coding gene in humans
SJ, Wang HY, Chen LY (2003). "Screening the proteins that interact with calpain in a human heart cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system". Hypertension
ECHS1
Disease caused by accumulation of crystals
activate inflammation via Mincle receptors, calcium and potassium signalling, calpains, cathepsin beta, proteases, and NLPR3 inflammasomes. Cells undergo cell
Crystallopathy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors couple preferentially to excitotoxicity via calpain-mediated cleavage of STEP". The Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (29): 9330–9343
PTPN5
Greek geneticist and molecular biologist
Syntichaki P, Xu K, Driscoll M, Tavernarakis N (2002). "Specific aspartyl and calpain proteases are required for neurodegeneration in C. elegans". Nature. 419
Nektarios_Tavernarakis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
presenilin 2 loop domain interacts with the mu-calpain C-terminal region". Int. J. Mol. Med. 1 (5): 797–9. doi:10.3892/ijmm.1.5.797. PMID 9852298. Stabler
Presenilin-2
Protein-coding gene in humans
nervous system. The p35 form of this protein is proteolytically cleaved by calpain, generating a p25 form. The cleavage of p35 into p25 results in relocalization
CDK5R1
Vaccine against a parasitic disease
Paramyosin has been proposed as a vaccine candidate. At present Sm-p80 (calpain) is the sole schistosome vaccine candidate that has been tested for its
Schistosomiasis_vaccine
Necrotic cell death regulated by intracellular signaling, exerted by activated MLKL
induction of reactive oxygen species by JNK, sphingosine production, and calpain activation by calcium release. Necroptosis has been implicated in the pathology
Necroptosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Brosius MA, Thompson TG, Beckmann JS, Kunkel LM, Spencer MJ (October 2003). "Calpain 3 cleaves filamin C and regulates its ability to interact with gamma- and
Filamin-C
Group of cytokine proteins
precursor is processed to its mature 17-kDa form by a Ca2+-activated protease, calpain. Processing liberates the 16-kDa N-terminal propiece cleavage product (ppIL-1α)
Interleukin-1_family
Human chromosome
C15orf54: encoding protein Chromosome 15 Open Reading Frame 54 CAPN3: Calpain 3 (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A) CELF6: encoding protein Cugbp
Chromosome_15
Family of proteases
PMID 24282339. Yamashima T (2013). "Reconsider Alzheimer's disease by the 'calpain-cathepsin hypothesis'--a perspective review". Progress in Neurology. 105:
Cathepsin
endopeptidase EC 3.4.22.51: cruzipain EC 3.4.22.52: calpain-1 EC 3.4.22.53: calpain-2 EC 3.4.22.54: calpain-3 EC 3.4.22.55: caspase-2 EC 3.4.22.56: caspase-3
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)
RJ, et al. (June 2007). "Investigation into the P3 binding domain of m-calpain using photoswitchable diazo- and triazene-dipeptide aldehydes: new anticataract
Photoactivated_peptide
Human protein encoding gene
"Hepatitis C virus enters liver cells using the CD81 receptor complex proteins calpain-5 and CBLB". PLOS Pathogens. 14 (7) e1007111. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat
C2orf72
CALPAIN 9
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CALPAIN 9