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Protein family
inhibitor Threonine protease inhibitors Classes of inhibitor mechanisms of action are: Suicide inhibitor Transition state inhibitor Protein protease inhibitor
Protease_inhibitor_(biology)
Topics referred to by the same term
Protease inhibitor can refer to: Protease inhibitor (pharmacology): a class of medication that inhibits viral protease Protease inhibitor (biology): molecules
Protease_inhibitor
Class of enzymes
(pharmacology) Protease inhibitor (biology) TopFIND – database of protease specificity, substrates, products and inhibitors MEROPS – database of protease evolutionary
Cysteine_protease
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
Map Proteases in angiogenesis Intramembrane proteases Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) Protease inhibitor (biology) TopFIND - database of protease specificity
Protease
Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin
A trypsin inhibitor (TI) is a protein and a type of serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that reduces the biological activity of trypsin by controlling
Trypsin_inhibitor
Superfamily of proteins with similar structures and diverse functions
serpin proteinase inhibitor 6 is expressed in monocytes and granulocytes and is a potent inhibitor of the azurophilic granule protease, cathepsin G". Blood
Serpin
Class of enzymes
angiogenesis Intramembrane proteases Protease inhibitor (pharmacology) Protease inhibitor (biology) TopFIND - database of protease specificity, substrates
Serine_protease
Molecule that blocks enzyme activity
However, not all inhibitors are based on the structures of substrates. For example, the structure of another HIV protease inhibitor tipranavir is not
Enzyme_inhibitor
Class of enzymes
(pharmacology) Protease inhibitor (biology) TopFIND - database of protease specificity, substrates, products and inhibitors MEROPS - database of protease evolutionary
Threonine_protease
Topics referred to by the same term
immunodeficiency Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), class of drugs used to treat or prevent infection by viruses, including HIV and Hepatitis C Protease inhibitor (biology)
PI
Class of enzymes in HIV
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) II protease complexed with L-735,524, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the HIV proteases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
HIV-2_protease
Protein family
molecular biology, the Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor family of proteins consists of eukaryotic proteinase inhibitors, belonging to MEROPS inhibitor family
Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor
Bowman–Birk_protease_inhibitor
Protein family
molecular biology the protein SSI is a Subtilisin inhibitor-like which stands for Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. This is a protease inhibitor. These
SSI_protease_inhibitor
History of molecular discovery
first protease inhibitor, saquinavir. Following that discovery, other HIV protease inhibitors were designed using the same principle. The HIV protease is
Discovery and development of HIV-protease inhibitors
Discovery_and_development_of_HIV-protease_inhibitors
Protein-coding gene found in humans
secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) or tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a protein
SPINK1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Antileukoproteinase, also known as secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SLPI gene. SLPI is a highly
SLPI
Mammalian protein found in humans
A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha1–proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) or alpha1-antiproteinase (A1AP) because it inhibits various proteases (not
Alpha-1_antitrypsin
Protein family
Aspartic proteases (also "aspartyl proteases", "aspartic endopeptidases") are a catalytic type of protease enzymes that use an activated water molecule
Aspartic_protease
Chemical compound
Rupinavir) is a peptidomimetic antiviral drug which acts as a 3C and 3CL protease inhibitor. It was developed for the treatment of rhinoviruses, and has subsequently
Rupintrivir
Coagulation factor protein found in humans
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (placental PAI, SerpinB2, PAI-2), a serine protease inhibitor of the serpin superfamily, is a coagulation factor that
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
Plasminogen_activator_inhibitor-2
Enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses
HIV-1 protease or PR is a retroviral aspartyl protease (retropepsin), an enzyme involved with peptide bond hydrolysis in retroviruses, that is essential
HIV-1_protease
Class of enzymes
The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) or main protease (Mpro), formally known as C30 endopeptidase, is the main protease found in coronaviruses. It cleaves the
3C-like_protease
COVID-19 antiviral medication
medication developed by Pfizer which acts as an orally active 3C-like protease inhibitor. It is part of a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination used to treat
Nirmatrelvir
Serine protease inhibitor
Camostat is a serine protease inhibitor. Serine protease enzymes have a variety of functions in the body, and so camostat has a diverse range of uses
Camostat
serine protease inhibitors. One example of Sunflower trypsin inhibitor is Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 is a potent
Sunflower_trypsin_inhibitor
Protein family of cysteine protease enzymes
as an inhibitor blocking access to the active site. The propeptide is removed by proteolysis to form the mature enzyme. Papain-like proteases have a
Papain-like_protease
Enzyme
inhibitor mechanisms are possible. α2-Macroglobulin (α2M) is a protease inhibitor which inhibits activated MMPs. α2M and MMP form a complex which is able to
Metalloprotease_inhibitor
Mammalian protein found in humans
C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement
C1-inhibitor
Chemical compound
as a protease inhibitor, especially in molecular biology applications. PCMB reacts with thiol groups in proteins and is therefore an inhibitor of enzymes
4-Chloromercuribenzoic_acid
Proteolytic enzyme
aspartic protease, but determination of its molecular structure showed it to belong a novel group of proteases, glutamic protease. The protease has a unique
Scytalidopepsin_B
Antiretroviral drug
immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 protease inhibitor (Ki = 2 nM) and is widely prescribed in combination with HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors for the treatment of
Nelfinavir
Proteins that control apoptosis
of these inhibitors act to block caspases, a family of cysteine proteases that play an integral role in apoptosis. Some of these inhibitors include the
Inhibitor_of_apoptosis
In plant biology, proteinase inhibitors are a family of small proteins that serve an integral role in the plant's defense mechanisms against herbivory
Proteinase inhibitors in plants
Proteinase_inhibitors_in_plants
Protein family
The rhomboid proteases are a family of enzymes that exist in almost all species. They are proteases: they cut the polypeptide chain of other proteins.
Rhomboid_protease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Alpha 2-antiplasmin (or α2-antiplasmin or plasmin inhibitor) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) responsible for inactivating plasmin. Plasmin is
Alpha_2-antiplasmin
Pharmaceutical compound
Indinavir (IDV; trade name Crixivan, made by Merck) is a protease inhibitor used as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV/AIDS
Indinavir
Protein family
In molecular biology, ecotin is a protease inhibitor which belongs to MEROPS inhibitor family I11, clan IN. Ecotins are dimeric periplasmic proteins from
Ecotin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Factor Xa is inactivated by protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). The affinity of this protein for factor
Factor_X
Broad-spectrum serine protease
In molecular biology, Proteinase K (EC 3.4.21.64, protease K, endopeptidase K, Tritirachium alkaline proteinase, Tritirachium album serine proteinase
Proteinase_K
Chemical compound
combinatorial synthesis of E-64 and related cysteine protease inhibitors". Nature Chemical Biology. 21 (11): 1783–1793. doi:10.1038/s41589-025-01907-2
E-64
Protein structural motif
An inhibitor cystine knot (also known as ICK or Knottin) is a protein structural motif containing three disulfide bridges. Knottins are one of three folds
Inhibitor_cystine_knot
Protease commonly found in natto
pronounced as such, i.e. nah-toh-KYN-ayss), but an extracellular serine protease of the subtilisin family (99.5% identical with subtilsin E). Rather, it
Nattokinase
reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) as a "backbone" along with one non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), protease inhibitor (PI) or integrase
Management_of_HIV/AIDS
Chemical compound
Narlaprevir (trade name Arlansa, codenamed SCH 900518), is an inhibitor of NS3/4A serine protease, intended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C caused
Narlaprevir
levacetylleucine and coenzyme A. The product is incorporated into the protease inhibitor, leupeptin. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically
Leucine_N-acetyltransferase
molecular weight is estimated to be 142 kDa. Its terminus consists of a protease inhibitor, which contributes to its longevity in the molluscan shell matrix
Lustrin_A
Extracellular serine protease
also includes the genes of the cysteine protease staphopain B (sspB) and of staphostatin B (sspC; specific inhibitor of staphopain B). Glutamyl endopeptidase
Glutamyl_endopeptidase_GluV8
Family of digestive enzymes
digestive enzymes in humans and other vertebrates. They are a type of protease which means they act by helping to break bonds between amino acids in proteins
Trypsin
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
cholesterol, and protease inhibitors used to treat retroviral infections such as HIV. A common example of an irreversible inhibitor that is used as a
Enzyme
Scientific discipline
For example, serine hydrolase- and cysteine protease-inhibitors have been converted to suicide inhibitors. This strategy enhances the ability to selectively
Chemical_biology
Class of antiretroviral drug
non-nucleoside inhibitor HBY 097: inhibitor flexibility is a useful design feature for reducing drug resistance". Journal of Molecular Biology. 284 (2): 313–23
Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
Reverse-transcriptase_inhibitor
Group of proteolytic enzymes
which produces non Streptomyces pepsin inhibitor and N-diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methylester sensitive acid proteases". Agric. Biol. Chem. 37 (6): 1417–1421
Glutamic_protease
Organic chemist and the founder of Vertex Pharmaceuticals
design. Drugs developed include amprenavir, an HIV protease inhibitor; telaprevir, a protease inhibitor for treatment of hepatitis C; and Kalydeco, for the
Joshua_Boger
Sub-discipline of biology
sub-discipline of biology encompassing all the genomic and proteomic approaches devoted to the study of proteases, their inhibitors, and their substrates
Degradomics
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
found in infectious prions has a different structure and is resistant to proteases, the enzymes in the body that can normally break down proteins. The normal
Prion
molecular complex of Streptomyces griseus protease B, a serine protease, with the third domain of the ovomucoid inhibitor from turkey". Proceedings of the National
Streptogrisin_B
Enzyme
the inhibitor, but can represent off-target effects as the livers of BACE1 knockout mice are normal. Tests in mice have indicated that BACE proteases, specifically
Beta-secretase_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
against the MALT1 protease activity. Substrate peptide-based active-site inhibitor: Initially described with the metacaspase inhibitor VRPR-fmk. Others
MALT1
Mammalian protein found in humans
inhibiting thrombin. Antithrombin is a serpin (serine protease inhibitor) and is thus similar in structure to most other plasma protease inhibitors,
Antithrombin
Human protein
important inhibitors of urokinase are the serpins plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), which inhibit the
Urokinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
serine protease inhibitor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINB5 gene. This protein belongs to the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) superfamily
Maspin
Class of medications used primarily to treat high blood pressure
drug combination with ACE inhibitor are acute renal failure, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Drugs interacting with ACE inhibitor should be prescribed with
ACE_inhibitor
Enzyme involved in blood coagulation in humans
activation of protease-activated receptors on the cell membrane of the platelet. Thrombin bound to thrombomodulin activates protein C, an inhibitor of the coagulation
Thrombin
and inhibitor complexes of Streptomyces griseus protease A at 1.8 A resolution. A model for serine protease catalysis". Journal of Molecular Biology. 144
Streptogrisin_A
Enzyme found in humans
and be recruited by inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) caspase inhibitors such as XIAP and CIAP1/2. Once bound, the serine protease cleaves the IAP, reducing
Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial
Serine_protease_HTRA2,_mitochondrial
Highly specific protease
three proteases: P1 protease (1 cleavage site), helper-component protease (1 cleavage site) and TEV protease (7 cleavage sites). The native TEV protease also
TEV_protease
Group of endogenous cysteine proteinase inhibitors
The cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors which share a sequence homology and a common tertiary structure of an alpha helix lying on
Cystatin
Active region of an enzyme
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DIFP) is an irreversible inhibitor that blocks the action of serine protease. When it binds to the enzyme a nucleophilic substitution
Active_site
Class of bacterial heat shock proteins
"Determination of the cleavage sites in SulA, a cell division inhibitor, by the ATP-dependent HslVU protease from Escherichia coli". FEBS Letters. 553 (3): 351–4
HslVU
Protease enzyme present in mammals and other organisms
includes the calpain proteases, the small regulatory subunit CAPNS1, also known as CAPN4, and the endogenous calpain-specific inhibitor, calpastatin. The
Calpain
Class of enzymes
Picornain 3C (EC 3.4.22.28) is a protease found in picornaviruses, which cleaves peptide bonds of non-terminal sequences. Picornain 3C’s endopeptidase
Picornain_3C
Chemical compound
protease: an amino-terminal threonine protease. The molecule is commonly used in biochemistry and cell biology laboratories as a selective inhibitor of
Lactacystin
Protein-coding gene in humans
infection than those not receiving that therapy. Camostat is an inhibitor of the serine protease activity of TMPRSS2. It is used to treat pancreatitis and reflux
TMPRSS2
Enzyme in humans
Developmental Biology. 45 (2): 445–447. PMID 11330865. Busek P, Hrabal P, Fric P, Sedo A (May 2015). "Co-expression of the homologous proteases fibroblast
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha
Fibroblast_activation_protein,_alpha
Enzyme
stability) or by inhibitor compounds. Pepstatin is a low molecular weight compound and potently inhibitor specific for acid proteases with an inhibitory
Pepsin
Compound inhibiting the activity of renin
II that facilitates blood pressure. Renin inhibitor is often preceded by direct, called direct renin inhibitor in order to distinguish its mechanism from
Renin_inhibitor
Widely used enzyme extracted from papayas
After ten minutes, the tissue should be treated with a protease inhibitor solution to stop the protease action. Left untreated, papain activity will lead to
Papain
Mammalian protein found in humans
HIV. Coadministration of a protease inhibitor with a PDE5 inhibitor is expected to substantially increase the PDE5 inhibitor concentration and may result
CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5
Type of inhibitor
"Selective irreversible inhibition of a protease by targeting a noncatalytic cysteine". Nature Chemical Biology. 7 (1): 22–24. doi:10.1038/nchembio.492
Targeted_covalent_inhibitors
Antiretroviral medication
appears to be safe for the baby. It is of the protease inhibitor (PI) class and works by blocking HIV protease. Darunavir was approved by the US Food and
Darunavir
Protein complexes which degrade ubiquitin-tagged proteins by proteolysis
developed as a protease inhibitor and used to target HIV infection. However, it has been shown to inhibit proteasomes as well as free proteases; to be specific
Proteasome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, also known as TIMP1, a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, is a two-domain glycoprotein with a molecular weight
TIMP1
Chemical compound
isolated from actinomycetes and used in biochemical research as a protease inhibitor of trypsin and papain. It was discovered in 1972 and was the first
Antipain
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
devices. Moreover, as serine proteases are important in the potentiation of HIV, research has found that an acrosin inhibitor, 4'-acetamidophenyl 4-guanidinobenzoate
Acrosin
Breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids
that aggregate in cells. Proteases may be regulated by antiproteases or protease inhibitors, and imbalance between proteases and antiproteases can result
Proteolysis
Enzyme that metabolizes substances by oxidation
specificities of cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein for a novel cysteine protease inhibitor". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 26 (4): 360–6. PMID 9531525. Stringer
CYP3A4
Protein family
The PA clan (Proteases of mixed nucleophile, superfamily A) is the largest group of proteases with common ancestry as identified by structural homology
PA_clan_of_proteases
Protein found in humans
lectin-associated serine protease-2 (EC 3.4.21.104, MASP-2, MASP2, MBP-associated serine protease-2, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2, p100, mannan-binding
Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2
Mannan-binding_lectin-associated_serine_protease-2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) is a protein that in humans is encoded
LEKTI
Protein found in humans
Duriez P, Poirier GG, et al. (July 1997). "Zinc is a potent inhibitor of the apoptotic protease, caspase-3. A novel target for zinc in the inhibition of
Caspase_3
Coagulopathy leading to increased risk of bleeding
inhibitor deficiency is intricately linked to the crucial role that alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor plays in regulating fibrinolysis. This serine protease inhibitor
Alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency
Alpha-2-plasmin_inhibitor_deficiency
Buffer to break cells in molecular biology
common that a protease inhibitor is added to lysis buffer, along with other enzyme inhibitors of choice, such as a phosphatase inhibitor when studying
Lysis_buffer
Class of enzymes
22.14, actinidin, Actinidia anionic protease, proteinase A2 of Actinidia chinensis) is a type of cysteine protease enzyme found in fruits, including kiwifruit
Actinidain
Protein used as a biomarker of kidney function
Functionally, it is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal proteinases and an important extracellular inhibitor of cysteine proteases. Cystatin C belongs to the
Cystatin_C
Enzyme
In molecular biology, elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins, specifically one that can break down elastin
Elastase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
tissues, there are few inhibitors of neutrophil elastase. One group of inhibitors are the Serpins (Serine Protease Inhibitors). Neutrophil elastase has
Neutrophil_elastase
Main protein found in egg white
the serpin superfamily, but unlike most serpins it is not a serine protease inhibitor. The function of ovalbumin is unknown, although it is presumed to
Ovalbumin
Chemical compound
NS3/4A protease inhibitor to enter clinical development and tested in human. Ciluprevir is a potent competitive reversible inhibitor of NS3/4A protease from
Ciluprevir
Papain-like protease protein domain
The nidoviral papain-like protease (PLPro or PLP) is a papain-like protease protein domain encoded in the genomes of nidoviruses. It is expressed as part
Nidoviral papain-like protease
Nidoviral_papain-like_protease
Type of enzyme
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal. An example is ADAM12 which plays a significant
Metalloproteinase
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