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Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and
Cellular_component
Basic unit of life forms
mechanosensation. Each cilium may be "viewed as a sensory cellular antennae that coordinates a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling the signaling
Cell_(biology)
Physical effects resulting from activation of the immune system
followed by a cellular phase involving immune cells (more specifically myeloid granulocytes in the acute setting). The vascular component of acute inflammation
Inflammation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
revealed that p75 and NgR were not bound to each other through the cellular membrane. Mutating either p75 or NgR, however, resulted in truncated protein
Reticulon_4_receptor
Separating components of a cell while preserving their functions
separate cellular components while preserving individual functions of each component. This is a method that was originally used to demonstrate the cellular location
Cell_fractionation
Process of cells digesting parts of themselves
dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Although
Autophagy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lysosomal membrane reveals novel potential transporters". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 12 (6): 1572–88. doi:10.1074/mcp.M112.021980. PMC 3675815.
Transmembrane_protein_268
Outermost of the three layers that make up the skin
nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in
Epidermis
Cellular component of platelets
granules, (α-granules) also known as platelet alpha-granules are a cellular component of platelets. Platelets contain different types of granules that perform
Alpha_granule
Subcolumnar progenitor cell of the uterine cervix
proliferate and differentiate into squamous epithelium and are an important cellular component of cervical squamous metaplasia. Histologically, reserve cells are
Reserve_cell
Scientific theories regarding the origins and formation of cells
the term cellularization (also spelled cellularisation) has been used in theories to explain the evolution of cells from non-cellular components, for instance
Cellularization
Spherical inclusion commonly found in damaged neurons
spherical masses in the neuronal cytoplasm that can displace other cellular components such as the nucleus and neuromelanin. A given neuron may contain
Lewy_body
Mammalian protein found in humans
tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are implicated in inhibition of cellular activity. CD33 can be stimulated by any molecule with sialic acid residues
CD33
Protein
transmembrane helices. PTCHD4 has been implicated as an integral component of cellular membrane, and as a protein receptor in the hedgehog pathway. The
PTCHD4
Protein-coding gene in humans
Pan HY, Zhang YJ, Wang XP, et al. (2003). "Identification of a Novel Cellular Transcriptional Repressor Interacting with the Latent Nuclear Antigen of
Centromere_protein_U
Protein found in humans
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the
Complement_component_3
Biological processes
process by which a cell decreases the production and quantities of its cellular components, such as RNA and proteins, in response to an external stimulus. The
Downregulation and upregulation
Downregulation_and_upregulation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by the RAI2 gene. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. The specific function of this intronless,
RAI2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (October 2004). "Ninjurin1 increases p21 expression and induces cellular senescence in human hepatoma cells". Journal of Hepatology. 41 (4): 637–643
NINJ1
Region(s) of a multicellular organism outside its cells
cell). According to the Gene Ontology, the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells
Extracellular_space
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine
Cellular_respiration
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
fractionates the various cellular components into fractions containing soluble proteins; membrane lipids and proteins; cellular organelles, and nucleic
Protein
Mammalian protein found in humans
proliferation Ki-67). Antigen KI-67 is a nuclear protein that is associated with cellular proliferation and ribosomal RNA transcription. Inactivation of antigen
Proliferation marker protein Ki-67
Proliferation_marker_protein_Ki-67
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
311–318. PMID 8586147. Boron WF, Boulpaep EL (2009). Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach (2nd International ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide
Cavity within an organ
membrane-defined space that is found inside several organelles, cellular components, or structures, including thylakoid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
Lumen_(anatomy)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and its localization to growth cones of cultured neurons". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (10): 5838–51. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.10.5838. PMC 109170. PMID 9742101
SHANK2
Peptide hormone
6-Bisphosphate in the Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation. Vol. 23. pp. 57–86. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-152823-2.50006-4
Glucagon
Formation of blood cellular components
sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy
Haematopoiesis
Japanese cell biologist (born 1945)
in autophagy, the process that cells use to destroy and recycle cellular components. Ohsumi is a professor at Institute of Science Tokyo's Institute
Yoshinori_Ohsumi
Enzyme found in humans
lipase: an extremophilic interfacial enzyme with medical applications". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 65 (6): 851–4. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-7546-z
Gastric_lipase
Protein
protein are stable components of ATAC, a novel dAda2A/dGcn5-containing histone acetyltransferase complex in Drosophila". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 26 (3):
ZZZ3
Protein found in humans
transcriptional coactivators for mammalian notch receptors". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (21): 7688–700. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.21.7688-7700.2002. PMC 135662
Mastermind-like_protein_3
two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. The main cellular component
List_of_skin_conditions
Milk-sugar digesting enzyme
complete digestion of whole milk. It breaks down the sugar lactose into its component parts, galactose and glucose, simple sugars that can be absorbed into
Lactase
Form of homeostatic plasticity
neuron firing an action potential. Therefore, the concentrations of extra-cellular glutamate (and other cations) and the quantity of post-synaptic AMPA receptors
Synaptic_scaling
Protein-coding gene in humans
in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization". Curr. Biol. 14 (16): 1436–1450. Bibcode:2004CBio...14.1436J
Cyclin-Y
Telecommunications networks transmitted by radio waves
A cellular network or mobile network (sometimes known as cellular communication network or mobile communication network) is a telecommunications network
Cellular_network
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
the lifespan of mice. In eukaryotes, catalase is usually located in a cellular organelle called the peroxisome. Peroxisomes in plant cells are involved
Catalase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
response to UV that slows replication fork displacement". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (8): 3131–3142. doi:10.1128/MCB.02190-06. PMC 1899931. PMID 17296725
TIPIN
Protein domain
maintain cell homeostasis. Activation of caspases ensures that the cellular components are degraded in a controlled manner, carrying out cell death with
Caspase
The acetate pathway is essential for the biosynthesis of vital cellular components such as membrane lipids, as well as a wide range of bioactive secondary
Acetate_pathway
better differentiate between different microorganisms or structures/cellular components of a single organism. Differential staining is used to detect abnormalities
Differential_staining
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(November 2000). "The armadillo repeat region targets ARVCF to cadherin-based cellular junctions". J. Cell Sci. 113 (22): 4121–35. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.22.4121
ARVCF
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene for cellular function. ZXDC is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins that are crucial for the regulation of genes and cellular functions
ZXDC
fraction (1-2%) of phosphorus in their biomass due to its presence in cellular components, such as membrane phospholipids and DNA. Therefore, as bacteria in
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal
Enhanced_biological_phosphorus_removal
Protein involved in multiple prion diseases
transmission of conformational change; secreted PrP lacking the anchor component is unaffected by the infectious isoform. The primary sequence of PrP is
Major_prion_protein
Protein found in humans
Schrader JW (October 2005). "Absence of caprin-1 results in defects in cellular proliferation". Journal of Immunology. 175 (7): 4274–4282. doi:10.4049/jimmunol
Caprin-1
Protein-coding gene in humans
et al. (2005). "Substrate-trapping techniques in the identification of cellular PTP targets". Methods. 35 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2004.07.007.
MPZL1
Part of a tissue or organ with a structural or connective role
classification scheme is based on tissue functions and another analyzes their cellular components. Stromal tissue falls into the "functional" class that contributes
Stroma_(tissue)
Class of enzymes
embryonic mice, induced by DNA damage. ODC is the most well-characterized cellular protein subject to ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. Although
Ornithine_decarboxylase
Enzyme found in humans
ribonuclease which, upon activation, destroys all RNA within the cell (both cellular and viral) as well as inhibiting mRNA export. RNase L is an enzyme that
Ribonuclease_L
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals
Glutathione
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
chromatin-associated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (5): 2535–44. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.5.2535. PMC 110633. PMID 9566873
HIST1H3I
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
Cellular differentiation, also known as cellular specification, is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually
Cellular_differentiation
Mammalian protein found in humans
and rearrangement of chromosome 7 in Plasmodium chabaudi". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 9 (11): 5182–8. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5182. PMC 363670. PMID 2601715
Dihydrofolate_reductase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
main features being mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane breakdown and cellular disintegration. Apoptosis occurs in many physiological and pathological
FASTKD2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1996). "Mammalian CAP interacts with CAP, CAP2, and actin". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 61 (3): 459–66. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19960601)61:3<459::AID-JCB13>3
CAP2
Critical protein in embryonic development
so that a high concentration of SHH results in a local inhibition of cellular proliferation. This inhibition causes the floor plate to become thin compared
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
Protein found in humans
"Zfp296 negatively regulates H3K9 methylation in embryonic development as a component of heterochromatin". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 12462. Bibcode:2017NatSR
Zinc_finger_protein_296
Field of study
to infections, and more. The mucosal immune system consists of a cellular component, humoral immunity, and defense mechanisms that prevent the invasion
Mucosal_immunology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
from binding their receptors, thereby regulating BMP signaling during cellular proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. Inhibition of
SOSTDC1
Protein found in humans
fingers may act as transcriptional regulators, but may also have other cellular functions. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants
Zinc_finger_protein_107
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
element in the ceruloplasmin mRNA 3' untranslated region". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (5): 1509–19. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.5.1509-1519.2003. PMC 151701
Ceruloplasmin
Inhibition of cell growth and proliferation
proliferation (cell growth and cell division). A cytostatic agent is a cellular component or drug that prevents cells from dividing, thereby suppressing proliferation;
Cytostasis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
deacetylation. The protein encoded by this gene is a histone deacetylase complex component, including SIN3, SAP30, HDAC1, HDAC2, RbAp46, RbAp48, and other polypeptides
SAP18
Topics referred to by the same term
living people Cellular component, material and substances of which cells (and thus living organisms) are composed Tissue (biology), a cellular organizational
Biological_material
Protein found in humans
(insulin being the main anabolic hormone in the body), IGF1 can also regulate cellular DNA synthesis. IGF1 binds to at least two cell surface receptor tyrosine
Insulin-like_growth_factor_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIEZO1 gene. PIEZO1 is a large mechanosensitive ion
PIEZO1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
block wingless (WNT)/beta-catenin signaling. The encoded protein is a component of a membrane complex that modulates canonical WNT signaling through lipoprotein
KREMEN1
Cell division into two identical cells
cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical
Mitosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
capture of vesicles. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis
WD repeat-containing protein 11
WD_repeat-containing_protein_11
Protein-coding gene in humans
multiprotein complexes. Members of this family are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction, apoptosis
WRAP73
Free radical toxicity
proper cellular homeostasis, a balance must be struck between reactive oxygen production and consumption.[citation needed] The best studied cellular antioxidants
Oxidative_stress
Trait that determines an organism's sexually reproductive function
propels it. Spermatozoa are extremely reduced cells, lacking many cellular components that would be necessary for embryonic development. They are specialized
Biological_sex
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
Biology. 16 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.11.005. PMID 16325406. "Cellular component Nucleus speckle". UniProt: UniProtKB. Retrieved 30 August 2013. Gall
Cell_nucleus
subfamilies, pathways, biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Create lists of genes related to a particular protein family/subfamily
PANTHER
Protein found in humans
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene. Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved
Complement_component_5
Protein-coding gene in humans
inhibits and regulates the electron transport chain, and is involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. The COXFA4L2 gene is located on the long q arm of
COXFA4L2
Reaction occurring within an organism as a defence against a pathogen
together to protect against pathogens. Both branches engage humoral and cellular components. The innate branch—the body's first reaction to an invader—is known
Immune_response
Tumor suppressor gene
the Akt signaling pathway, which plays an important role in regulating cellular behaviors such as cell growth, survival, and migration. PTEN also has weak
PTEN_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Guillou L, Lyle R, Lamon C, et al. (December 2003). "The TPTE gene family: cellular expression, subcellular localization and alternative splicing". Gene. 323:
TPTE
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by association with a novel SH3-domain-binding protein". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (12): 7054–62. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.12.7054. PMC 231708. PMID 8943360
RYBP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2008). "An internal signal sequence directs intramembrane proteolysis of a cellular immunoglobulin domain protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283
IGSF1
Mass cytometry application to quantify labeled cell targets
interior of single cells. CyTOF allows the quantification of multiple cellular components simultaneously using an ICP-MS detector. CyTOF takes advantage of
CyTOF
Ballina LR, et al. (February 2022). "ALFY localizes to early endosomes and cellular protrusions to facilitate directional cell migration". Journal of Cell
WDFY3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(December 2022). "Iron and iron-related proteins in alcohol consumers: cellular and clinical aspects". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 100 (12): 1673–1689
Hepcidin
Enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate
factor 1 (HIF1A). HIF-1 is a transcription factor that directs an array of cellular responses that are used for adaptation during oxygen deprivation. This
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
Hypoxanthine-guanine_phosphoribosyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TrkA receptor and N-Shc and CrkL/Crk adapter molecules". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (24): 8721–34. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.24.8721-8734.2002. PMC 139861
SHC3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor proteins in leukocyte signaling". Cellular Signalling. 26 (5): 895–902. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.007. PMID 24440308
SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein
SLP_adaptor_and_CSK_interacting_membrane_protein
Protein-coding gene in humans
stomach-specific isoforms through alternative splicing". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (21): 7380–7390. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.21.7380-7390.2001. PMC 99911
CLDN18
Process of formation of blood clots
biology. In all mammals, coagulation involves both cellular components (platelets) and proteinaceous components (coagulation or clotting factors). The pathway
Coagulation
Chemical compound
preferentially inhibits the activation of mast cells, an important cellular component of the atopic response. Ascomycin produces a more selective immunomodulatory
Ascomycin
Mammalian protein found in humans
activity (among other factors) upregulates removal of dysfunctional cellular components via autophagy. mTOR is a key initiator of the senescence-associated
MTOR
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ishigami A, Shimada J, Maruyama M (2009). "Implication of p53-dependent cellular senescence related gene, TARSH in tumor suppression". Biochem. Biophys
ABI3BP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 1 (or C1QL1) is encoded by a gene located at chromosome 17q21.31. It is a secreted protein and is 258
C1QL1
Apparatus used in biological experimentation
fluid experiences shear stress and decompression, causing cellular disruption. The major components of a French press are made of stainless steel to prevent
French_pressure_cell_press
Protein found in humans
Complement component 1s (EC 3.4.21.42, C1 esterase, activated complement C1s, complement C overbar 1r, C1s) is a protein involved in the complement system
Complement_component_1s
Aspect of immunity
to as antibody-mediated immunity. The study of the molecular and cellular components that form the immune system, including their function and interaction
Humoral_immunity
in HCMV viral infected cells to enhance viral infectivity by disrupting cellular metabolism. Viperin is a radical SAM enzyme which is capable of producing
Viperin
Protein found in humans
stimulated by calcium and is primarily under the control of a Cre regulatory component, suggesting a putative role for the transcription factor CREB and the
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
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CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a habitational name from clere, a component of several place names in north Hampshire (Highclere, Burghclere, Kingsclere). This is of uncertain origin, probably from a Celtic stream name meaning ‘bright’ (cognate with Latin clarus ‘clear’, ‘bright’).English and Irish : variant of Clare.Translation of German Klar 1.
Girl/Female
Latin
Beautiful.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : habitational name from Lyng in Norfolk, so named from Old English hlinc ‘hillside’, or from either of two places in Norfolk and Lincolnshire named Ling, from Old Norse lyng ‘ling’, ‘heather’. There is also a Lyng in Somerset, so named from Old English lengen ‘long place’.German : variant of Link.Chinese : from a word meaning ‘ice’. In ancient times, the imperial palace was able to enjoy ice in the summer by storing winter ice in a cellar, entrusting its care to an official called the iceman. This post was once filled during the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 bc) by a descendant of Kang Shu, the eighth son of Wen Wang, who had been granted the state of Wei soon after the establishment of the Zhou dynasty. Descendants of this particular iceman adopted the word for ice, ling, as their surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Butter 1.English : occupational name for a servant working in a wine cellar, Norman French boterie (see Buttery), with the Middle English genitive -s.German : variant of Butter 2.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Dutch
English, German, and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a maker of rings (from Middle English ring, Middle High German rinc, Middle Dutch ring), either to be worn as jewelry or as component parts of chain-mail, harnesses, and other objects. In part it may also have arisen as a nickname for a wearer of a ring.Scandinavian : from ring ‘ring’, probably an ornamental name but possibly applied in the same sense as 3 or 1.German : topographic name from Middle High German, Middle Low German rink, rinc ‘circle’.Irish (eastern County Cork) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Rinn (see Reen).
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from Middle High German kellaere ‘cellarman’, ‘cellar master’ (Latin cellarius, denoting the keeper of the cella ‘store chamber’, ‘pantry’). Hence an occupational name for the overseer of the stores, accounts, or household in general in, for example, a monastery or castle. Kellers were important as trusted stewards in a great household, and in some cases were promoted to ministerial rank. The surname is widespread throughout central Europe.English : either an occupational name for a maker of caps or cauls, from Middle English kellere, or an occupational name for an executioner, from Old English cwellere.Irish : reduced form of Kelleher.Scottish : variant of Keillor.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Components of Puja; Worship; Offering to the Lord
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
CELLULAR COMPONENT
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