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Region of non-coding DNA that regulates the transcription of neighboring genes
Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes. CREs
Cis-regulatory_element
RNA thermometer in Drosophila
The Hsp90 cis regulatory element is an RNA element (RNA thermometer) found in the 5' UTR of the Drosophila hsp90 mRNA. It is required for increased translational
Hsp90_cis-regulatory_element
RNA family
The p27 cis-regulatory element is a structured G/C rich RNA element which is involved in controlling cell cycle regulated translation of the p27Kip1 protein
P27_cis-regulatory_element
the trans-regulatory element; and a (2) DNA regulatory element that is adjacent to the regulated gene. This is in contrast to cis-regulatory elements that
Trans-regulatory_element
element APC internal ribosome entry site (IRES) Aphthovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) Apolipoprotein B (apoB) 5′ UTR cis-regulatory element
List of cis-regulatory RNA elements
List_of_cis-regulatory_RNA_elements
RNA family
virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of the genome of the bamboo mosaic virus. This element is thought to be
Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element
Bamboo_mosaic_virus_satellite_RNA_cis-regulatory_element
trans-acting factor is usually a regulatory protein that binds to DNA. The binding of a trans-acting factor to a cis-regulatory element in DNA can cause changes
Trans-acting
Cats with genetic anomaly that causes extra toes
mutant; Hw) a mutation of the cis-regulatory element ZRS (ZPA regulator sequence) is associated. ZRS is a noncoding element, 800 kilobase pairs (kb) remote
Polydactyl_cat
RNA family
Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element (CRE) is a CRE from the human rhinoviruses. The CRE is located within the genome segment encoding
Human rhinovirus internal cis-acting regulatory element
Human_rhinovirus_internal_cis-acting_regulatory_element
Topics referred to by the same term
related to Euler's formula Cis (beetle), genus Cis–trans isomerism, in chemistry cis-regulatory element, regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription
Cis
RNA family
Poxvirus AX element late mRNA family represents a cis-regulatory element present at the 3' end of poxvirus late ATI mRNA and is known as the AX element. The
Poxvirus AX element late mRNA cis-regulatory element
Poxvirus_AX_element_late_mRNA_cis-regulatory_element
RNA element
apolipoprotein B (apoB) 5′ UTR cis regulatory element is an RNA element located in the 5′ UTR of the human apoB mRNA. This structured element increases translation
Apolipoprotein B (apoB) 5′ UTR cis-regulatory element
Apolipoprotein_B_(apoB)_5′_UTR_cis-regulatory_element
RNA family
The Togavirus 5′ plus strand cis-regulatory element is an RNA element which is thought to be essential for both plus and minus strand RNA synthesis. Genus
Togavirus 5′ plus strand cis-regulatory element
Togavirus_5′_plus_strand_cis-regulatory_element
RNA family
The Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element represents a cloverleaf-like cis-regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the bamboo mosaic
Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element
Bamboo_mosaic_potexvirus_(BaMV)_cis-regulatory_element
RNA family
Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element is a cis-acting regulatory element found in the 3' UTR of the Potato virus X genome. This element has been found
Potato virus X cis-acting regulatory element
Potato_virus_X_cis-acting_regulatory_element
Long-range cis-regulatory element in DNA
A locus control region (LCR) is a long-range cis-regulatory element that enhances expression of linked genes at distal chromatin sites. It functions in
Locus_control_region
RNA element identified in plant homologs of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 2 (PTB2) gene that has been reported as a cis-regulatory element. PTB2
PTB2_RNA_motif
Topics referred to by the same term
dealing with chemical reactors Cis-acting replication element, a component of many RNA viruses Cis-regulatory element, regions of non-coding DNA which
CRE
RNA family
The Human Parechovirus 1 cis regulatory element is an RNA element which is located in the 5'-terminal 112 nucleotides of the genome of human parechovirus
Human parechovirus 1 (HPeV1) cis regulatory element (CRE)
Human_parechovirus_1_(HPeV1)_cis_regulatory_element_(CRE)
RNA family
The bglG cis regulatory RNA was identified by RNA deep sequencing of Clostridioides difficile 630 where it is located immediately upstream of gene bglG2
Bglg-cis-reg_RNA
inhibition. Cis-regulatory element List of cis-regulatory RNA elements Enterovirus cis-acting replication element and Enterovirus 5′ cloverleaf cis-acting
Cis-acting replication element
Cis-acting_replication_element
Type of cis-regulatory element
The W box is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cis-regulatory element sequence, (T)TGAC(C/T), which is recognized by the family of WRKY transcription factors
W-box
RNA family
branched-chain amino acids. The motif could, therefore, function as a cis-regulatory element. Weinberg Z, Lünse CE, Corbino KA, Ames TD, Nelson JW, Roth A, Perkins
IlvB-OMG_RNA_motif
RNA element
same location that the Hepatitis A virus cis-acting replication element is found in. Cis-regulatory element Regulation of gene expression Victoria, M;
Norovirus cis-acting replication element
Norovirus_cis-acting_replication_element
RNA family
Magnesium responsive RNA element, not to be confused with the completely distinct M-box riboswitch, is a cis-regulatory element that regulates the expression
Magnesium responsive RNA element
Magnesium_responsive_RNA_element
Topics referred to by the same term
response element, a DNA cis-regulatory element recognized by the serum response factor Steroid response element, a type of hormone response element Sterol
SRE
Genetic boundary element that blocks the interaction between enhancers and promoters
An insulator is a type of cis-regulatory element known as a long-range regulatory element. Found in multicellular eukaryotes and working over distances
Insulator_(genetics)
Collection of molecular regulators
nodes, such as how strongly a transcription factor may bind to a cis-regulatory element. Such variation in strength of network edges has been shown to underlie
Gene_regulatory_network
DNA sequence
TATA box is considered a non-coding DNA sequence (also known as a cis-regulatory element). It was termed the "TATA box" as it contains a consensus sequence
TATA_box
Segment of nucleic acid that affects the expression of associated genes
undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and
Regulatory_sequence
Subclass of mammals in the clade Theriiformes
FH; MYERS RM; AMEMIYA CT (2012). "Theria-Specific Homeodomain and cis-Regulatory Element Evolution of the Dlx3–4 Bigene Cluster in 12 Different Mammalian
Theria
Physical anomaly involving extra fingers or toes
different mutations, either mutations in a gene itself or in a cis-regulatory element responsible for the expression of a specific gene. Mutations in
Polydactyly
Splicing regulatory element (SRE) are cis-acting sequences in pre-mRNA, which either enhance or silence (suppress) the splicing of introns, or in general
Splicing_regulatory_element
Temperature-dependent RNA structure
Hsp90 cis-regulatory element, the ROSE element, the Lig RNA thermometer, and the Hsp17 thermometer. The first temperature-sensitive RNA element was reported
RNA_thermometer
RNA family
annotated as msiK, and is therefore hypothesized to be an RNA-based cis-regulatory element that regulates these genes. MsiK, the protein encoded by msiK genes
MsiK_RNA_motif
RNA family
lethal. Togavirus 5′ plus strand cis-regulatory element Chen MH, Frey TK (April 1999). "Mutagenic analysis of the 3′ cis-acting elements of the rubella
Rubella virus 3′ cis-acting element
Rubella_virus_3′_cis-acting_element
RNA family
Nanos 3′ UTR translation control element is a cis-regulatory element in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of the messenger RNA which encodes the Nanos
Nanos 3′ UTR translation control element
Nanos_3′_UTR_translation_control_element
recognition element (BRE) is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of most[clarification needed] genes in eukaryotes and Archaea. The BRE is a cis-regulatory
B_recognition_element
5' UTR. Therefore, MAEB stem-loops are likely to correspond to a cis-regulatory element. It was observed that the genes apparently regulated by MAEB generally
MAEB_RNA_motif
RNA family
The bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element is an mRNA regulatory element that controls the gene expression of the bicoid protein in fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster
Bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element
Bicoid_3′-UTR_regulatory_element
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
van Loosdregt J, Bowes J, Balliu B, de Boer JH, et al. (2024). "A cis-regulatory element regulates ERAP2 expression through autoimmune disease risk SNPs"
ERAP2
Class of enzymes
catalyses the stereo-specific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a non-redox-active process. Citric
Aconitase
Topics referred to by the same term
of one body around another DNA element, a functional region of DNA, including genes and cis-regulatory elements. Element (category theory), one of the
Element
is a short region (usually 4-18 nucleotides) of an exon and is a cis-regulatory element. A set of 103 hexanucleotides known as FAS-hex3 has been shown to
Exonic_splicing_silencer
RNA family
IbpA is regulated by a ROSE element found in its 5' UTR, while IbpB has its own heat-sensitive cis-regulatory element. The activity of this thermoregulator
IbpB_thermometer
nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). GRP RNA motif has been reported as a cis-regulatory element, that modulates binding of GRP7 and GRP8 proteins to their RNA targets
GRP_RNA_motif
Species of virus
symptoms. Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element Lin, N. S.; Lin, F. Z.; Huang, T. Y
Bamboo_mosaic_virus
Topics referred to by the same term
genome which is non-coding DNA. Locus control region, a long-range cis-regulatory element that enhances expression of linked genes at ectopic chromatin sites
Control_region
RNA family
extracted from uncultivated marine bacteria. wcaG RNAs might function as cis-regulatory elements, in view of their consistent location in the possible 5' untranslated
WcaG_RNA_motif
RNA family
cis-regulatory element. This hypothesis is bolstered by the observation that ribosome modulation factor binds ribosomal RNA, and many cis-regulatory RNAs
RMF_RNA_motif
Professor of Molecular Biology
and Surgeons in 1978. There she developed methods for assaying cis-regulatory element function. In 1981, Wold returned to Caltech as an assistant professor
Barbara_Wold
RNA family
The hopC RNA motif is a predicted cis-regulatory element identified by a bioinformatic screen for conserved RNA secondary structures. hopC RNAs are exclusively
HopC_RNA_motif
RNA family
temperatures. Cyanobacterial RNA thermometer FourU thermometer Hsp90 cis-regulatory element Chowdhury S, Maris C, Allain FH, Narberhaus F (2006). "Molecular
Repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element
Repression_of_heat_shock_gene_expression_(ROSE)_element
activating sequence or upstream activation sequence (UAS) is a cis-acting regulatory sequence found in yeast like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is distinct
Upstream_activating_sequence
Glutamine-binding RNA structure
regulates nitrogen metabolism. Further supporting a possible role as a cis-regulatory element in control of nitrogen metabolism, the Prochlorococcus marinus gene
Glutamine_riboswitch
RNA family
these RNAs is unknown, although it is hypothesized that they have a cis-regulatory function in controlling expression of the downstream operons. Rhizobiales-2
Flg-Rhizobiales_RNA_motif
RNA family
sequence describes a conserved element upstream of genes that participate in polysaccharide synthesis. The JUMPstart element has been shown to function as
JUMPstart_RNA_motif
translational readthrough site (or Retroviral readthrough element) is a cis-regulatory element found in retroviruses. The readthrough site facilitates the
Gag/pol translational readthrough site
Gag/pol_translational_readthrough_site
RNA family
The L17 downstream element RNA motif (also called L17DE) is a conserved RNA structure identified in bacteria by bioinformatics. All known L17 downstream
L17DE_RNA_motif
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
termination. Setting up for transcription in mammals is regulated by many cis-regulatory elements, including core promoter and promoter-proximal elements that
Transcription_(biology)
RNA family
RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements. Given the relative complexity of their secondary structure, and their hypothesized cis-regulatory role, they might
ManA_RNA_motif
RNA family
the gene's start codon, which is an unusually long distance for a cis-regulatory element. It was noted that all of these cases with long distances occur
DinG_RNA_motif
RNA family
genes. For this reason, it was hypothesized that psaA RNAs function as cis-regulatory elements of these genes. The psaAB genes encode proteins that form subunits
PsaA_RNA_motif
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
four-electron reduction to form two molecules of water. A cis-regulatory element called the GAIT element is involved in the selective translational silencing
Ceruloplasmin
RNA family
The IscR stability element is a conserved secondary structure found in the intergenic regions of iscRSUA polycistronic mRNA. This secondary structure
IscR_stability_element
RNA family
the transcription attenuation mechanism typically used by other cis-acting regulatory RNAs, is a process wherein the transcription elongation complex
Eps-Associated_RNA_element
RNA motif found in species in the genus Pseudomonas and Azotobacter vinelandii
arrangement in bacteria suggested that Pseudomon-Rho RNAs might be cis-regulatory elements that regulate concentrations of the Rho protein. Weinberg Z
Pseudomon-Rho_RNA_motif
RNA structure discovered by bioinformatics
was considered ambiguous as to whether Termite-leu RNAs constitute cis-regulatory elements. Weinberg Z, Wang JX, Bogue J, et al. (March 2010). "Comparative
Termite-leu_RNA_motif
RNA family
untranslated region of a gene, either psbN or psbH, and likely a cis-regulatory element. Weinberg Z, Wang JX, Bogue J, et al. (March 2010). "Comparative
PsbNH_RNA_motif
Structure on some mRNA sequences
the UAG suppression, hence even its name is, in fact, incorrect. SECIS element Namy O, Rousset JP, Napthine S, Brierley I (2004). "Reprogrammed genetic
PYLIS_downstream_sequence
Plant-specific gene
chromosome and contains four exons and three introns. A cis-regulatory element known as the evening element (EE, AAAATATCT) is present in the promoters of the
ELF3
Protein family
Regulation Epigenetic imprinting Transcriptional Gene regulatory network cis-regulatory element lac operon Post-transcriptional sequestration (P-bodies)
Cell–cell_fusogens
RNA family
Cobalamin riboswitch is a cis-regulatory element which is widely distributed in 5' untranslated regions of vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) related genes in bacteria
Cobalamin_riboswitch
Cellular process of protein synthesis
recent work in yeast and humans suggest that evolutionary divergence in cis-regulatory sequences can impact translation regulation. Additionally, RNA helicases
Translation_(biology)
Comparison of organism developmental processes
complicated and modular cis-regulatory elements. For example, while a non-pleiotropic rhodopsin gene in the fruit fly has a cis-regulatory element just a few hundred
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary_developmental_biology
RNA family
or peroxiredoxins. Therefore, it was hypothesized that potC RNAs are cis-regulatory elements, but their detailed function is unknown. A number of other
PotC_RNA_motif
Computer software for bioinformatics
original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2019. "CEAS - Cis-regulatory Element Annotation System". liulab.dfci.harvard.edu. Archived from the original
UGENE
Conserved RNA structure
methyltransferase gene. Nonetheless, it was proposed that this RNA could be a cis-regulatory element, an attractive hypothesis as rRNA methyltransferases can bind RNA
23S_methyl_RNA_motif
RNA family
pantothenate. Thus it was proposed that the pan RNA motif represents a cis-regulatory element acting at the RNA level to regulate pantothenate synthesis. The
Pan_RNA_motif
RNA family
of its positioning, the gyrA RNA motif was hypothesized to be a cis-regulatory element acting up the downstream gyrA genes. However, gyrA was previously
GyrA_RNA_motif
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) also known as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2) is a protein that
Sterol regulatory element–binding protein 2
Sterol_regulatory_element–binding_protein_2
Extender (REX) is a conserved cis-acting DNA element which was identified in 2025. REX confers extreme long-range regulatory functions to gene enhancers
Range Extender (REX) DNA element
Range_Extender_(REX)_DNA_element
RNA family
reverse-complement strand. Thus is it unclear whether traJ-II function as cis-regulatory elements. traJ-II RNAs are found in a variety of Pseudomonadota. It
TraJ-II_RNA_motif
RNA family
a downstream ORF by nitrogen availability also suggests a cis-regulatory role of the element. This hypothesis is supported by biochemical and genetic data
Downstream-peptide_motif
RNA family
secondary structure of gabT RNAs Identifiers Symbol gabT RNA Rfam RF01738 Other data RNA type Cis-regulatory element Domain Pseudomonas PDB structures PDBe
GabT_RNA_motif
Control of gene expression at the RNA level, between transcription and translation
repair, a likely important early step in progression to cancer. Cis-regulatory element Glossary of gene expression terms RNA interference Schaefke, Bernhard;
Post-transcriptional regulation
Post-transcriptional_regulation
Conserved RNA structure
upstream of the C subunit gene. This location is consistent with a cis-regulatory element, but also with a non-coding RNA that is transcribed with the ATP
ATPC_RNA_motif
RNA family
The Renin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE) is a cis-acting element identified in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of the renin (REN) gene. It acts
Renin stability regulatory element (REN-SRE)
Renin_stability_regulatory_element_(REN-SRE)
Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution
selection. Individual genes also exhibit modularity. A mutation in one cis-regulatory element of a gene's promoter region may allow the expression of the gene
Evolvability
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
MF, Rougeon F, Doyen N (February 2008). "Identification of a new cis-regulatory element of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase gene in the 5' region
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
arrhythmias), and immune system (lymphocyte immunodeficiency). cis-regulatory element Enhancer (genetics) Epistasis Genetic correlation Metabolic network
Pleiotropy
not others. Enhancer (genetics) Glossary of gene expression terms cis-Regulatory element Transcription factor RNA polymerase Shea, M.; Akers, G. (1985).
Promoter_activity
Technique in molecular biology
Jon (2021-01-22). "High-resolution targeted 3C interrogation of cis-regulatory element organization at genome-wide scale". Nature Communications. 12 (1):
ChIA-PET
Method in molecular biology
chromatin structure at base-pair resolution unveils a unified model of cis-regulatory element interactions". Cell. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.10.013. PMID 41197626
Chromosome conformation capture
Chromosome_conformation_capture
Regulartory element in coronaviruses
The Coronavirus packaging signal is a conserved cis-regulatory element found in Betacoronavirus (part of the Coronavirus subfamily of viruses). It has
Coronavirus_packaging_signal
Enzyme
a cis-regulatory element TGACTC sequence, which is known to be involved in other amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The Opaque2 regulatory element has
Homoserine_dehydrogenase
Mammalian protein found in humans
show reduced transcription of POR, it seems, due to the loss of a cis-regulatory element that alters expression of this gene. Some persons with Williams
Cytochrome_P450_reductase
enhances lactase promoter activity in vitro: functional role as a cis regulatory element". Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 (18): 2333–40. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg244. PMID 12915462
MCM6
5′ UTR, so it is not inconceivable that the RNA has a role as a cis-regulatory element. Many lacto-2 RNAs are present in operons that encode tRNAs and
Lacto-2_RNA_motif
RNA family
structure of Chlorobi-RRM RNAs Identifiers Symbol Clorobi-RRM Rfam RF01697 Other data RNA type Cis-regulatory element Domain Chlorobiota PDB structures PDBe
Chlorobi-RRM_RNA_motif
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Latin Felicia, FELÃCIA means "happy" or "lucky."
Girl/Female
English
Diminutive of any name begining with Christ-, for example Christahel, Christian, or Christopher.....
Female
English
Short form of English Cissy, CIS means "blind."
Boy/Male
English
Diminutives of any masculine or feminine name begining with Christ-, for example Christahel,...
Female
English
Short form of English Elisabeth, LIS means "God is my oath."Â
Boy/Male
English Biblical
Diminutives of any masculine or feminine name begining with Christ-, for example Christahel,...
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Name of a king.
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Ignatius, possibly INÃCIO means "unknowing."
Boy/Male
Latin
Hades.
Female
Hungarian
Short form of Hungarian FelÃcian, LÃCIA means "happy" or "lucky."
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Roman Latin Vinicius, VINÃCIUS means "vine."
Biblical
same as Kish
Boy/Male
Greek
Order.
Girl/Female
English
Diminutive of any name begining with Christ-, for example Christahel, Christian, or Christopher.....
Female
English
Short form of English Cissy, CISS means "blind."
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, Danish, French, German, Greek, Latin, Scandinavian, Swedish
Consecrated to God; God's Promise; God is My Oath
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary son of Seidi.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Connector; Regulator
Boy/Male
English American Spanish
He who holds Christ in his heart. Diminutive of Christian: Follower of Christ.
Male
French
French form of Latin Franciscus, FRANÇOIS means "French."
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
Girl/Female
British, English
Pale-skinned; Dark
Female
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Pirkitta, PIRKKO means "exalted one."
Biblical
same as On
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lingadhyaksha | லிஂகாதà¯à®¯à®•à¯à®·
Lord of the lingas
Male
Arthurian
, father of Bronwen.
Boy/Male
Indian
A great worshiper of Allah
Male
Scandinavian
Pet form of Scandinavian Lars, LASSE means "laurel."
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Famous
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English cin ‘chin’, as a nickname for someone with a prominent chin or else for a clean-shaven man.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Of good and honorable character
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
CIS REGULATORY-ELEMENT
a.
Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.
v. t.
One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator.
v. t.
To think; to suppose; to imagine; -- used chiefly in the first person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis.
n.
A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.
n.
Physical force.
n.
One who, or that which, disposes; a regulator; a director; a bestower.
n.
A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes.
n.
One who, or that which, is face to face with another; esp., one who faces another in dancing.
n.
Force; power.
pron.
The possessive of he; as, the book is his.
a.
Pertaining to emulation; connected with rivalry.
a.
Tending tu refute; refuting.
n.
A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See Astronomical clock (a), under Clock.
adv.
Twice; -- a word showing that something is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in accounts.
pron.
Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete.
n.
One who, or that which, regulates.
n.
Moral power.