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Grammatical case denoting accompaniment
In grammar, the comitative case (abbreviated com) is a grammatical case that denotes accompaniment. In English, the preposition "with", in the sense of
Comitative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the instrumental-comitative case combines the instrumental case and the comitative case, functioning in a similar way to the English preposition
Instrumental-comitative_case
Grammatical case
languages reuse the adessive case where available, locative case if not, to mark the same category, or comitative case (Estonian). For example, the Finnish
Instrumental_case
Categorization of nouns and modifiers by function
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential
Grammatical_case
Grammatical case
the precise inverse of the comitative case, and the two form a pair of complementary case forms. Essive case Inessive case Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19)
Abessive_case
list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. This list will mark the case, when it is used, an
List_of_grammatical_cases
Grammatical case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated gen) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus
Genitive_case
Category of pronouns in Spanish grammar
preposition con ("with"), however, the comitative is used instead. Yo, tú, and se have distinct forms in the comitative: conmigo, contigo, and consigo, respectively
Object_pronouns_in_Spanish
Grammatical case
grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated nom), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part
Nominative_case
Most widely spoken of all Sámi languages
originates in the elative case of the action noun, a case which became the locative in regular nouns. The action comitative indicates "through" or "by"
Northern_Sámi
Omotic language spoken in Ethiopia
1-Nominative case 2-Absolutive case 3-Genitive Case 4-Dative case 5-Allative case 6-Ablative case 7-Locative case 8-Comitative case 9-Instrumental
Koore_language
Grammatical case
a -mal ending. This case is archaic and nowadays the instrumental-comitative case is usually used instead. Nevertheless, it can be used also in modern
Sociative_case
Grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated acc) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a verb. In the English language
Accusative_case
Grammatical case
("having four feet"), yellow-breasted ("having a yellow breast"). Comitative case van Driem, George. A grammar of Dumi, 1993. "Year 2 Grammar Notes"
Ornative_case
Grammatical case indicating a location
locative case (/ˈlɒkətɪv/ LOK-ə-tiv; abbreviated loc) is a grammatical case which indicates a location. In languages using it, the locative case may perform
Locative_case
Grammar of the Turkish language
and comitative case. As it differs from the other case markers in several ways, it may be considered as an "inflectional marker" but not a case marker
Turkish_grammar
Northern Siberian Turkic language
the old comitative has become an instrumental case. However, in Sakha language the Old Turkic locative case has come to denote partitive case, thus leaving
Yakut_language
Grammar of the Estonian language
However, adjectives do not have terminative, essive, abessive, and comitative cases. The stem for the comparative and superlative forms is the singular
Estonian_grammar
Case specifying the use of the object form of pronouns
objective case (abbr. obj) is a nominal case other than the nominative case and, sometimes, the vocative. A noun or pronoun in the oblique case can generally
Oblique_case
Grammar of the Ubykh language
cases are: adverbial, locative, instrumental, and instrumental-comitative. This case displays ergative, genitive, and dative functions. It is marked
Ubykh_grammar
Grammatical case
In grammar, the essive, or similaris, case (abbreviated ess) marks nouns as definite periods of time during which something happens or an ongoing action
Essive_case
Northern Siberian Turkic language
The table below lists case forms for the noun таба 'deer' ('camel' in Common Turkic): This suffix is regarded as a comitative case suffix in several existing
Dolgan_language
Grammatical case
In grammar, the terminative or terminalis case (abbreviated term) is a case specifying a limit in space and time and also to convey the goal or target
Terminative_case
Grammatical case used in languages such as Finnish, Lithuanian, and Hungarian
In grammar, the illative case (/ˈɪlətɪv/; abbreviated ill; from Latin: illatus "brought in") is a grammatical case used in the Finnish, Estonian, Lithuanian
Illative_case
Grammatical case
associative case (abbreviated ass) is a grammatical case which expresses associativity which is, although related, not identical to comitativity, which is
Associative_case
Grammatical case signifying "by way of ..." or "via ..."
prolative case (abbreviated prol), also called the vialis case (abbreviated via), prosecutive case (abbreviated pros), traversal case, mediative case, or translative
Prolative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the ergative case (abbreviated erg) is the grammatical case that identifies a nominal phrase as the agent of a transitive verb in ergative–absolutive
Ergative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the superessive case (abbreviated supe) is a grammatical case indicating location on top of, or on the surface of something. Its name comes
Superessive_case
Grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to which something is given
In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated dat, or sometimes d when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the
Dative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the ablative case (pronounced /ˈæblətɪv/ AB-lə-tiv; abbreviated abl) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars
Ablative_case
Central Mongolic language
> /arʊsʊ/. Ordos retains a variant of the old comitative case and shares the innovated directive case. The verb system is not well researched, but employs
Ordos_Mongolian
Grammatical case denoting "partialness", "without result" or "without specific identity"
The partitive case (abbreviated ptv, prtv, or more ambiguously part) is a grammatical case which denotes "partialness", "without result", or "without specific
Partitive_case
Grammatical case
prepositional case (abbreviated prep) and the postpositional case (abbreviated post) - generalised as adpositional cases - are grammatical cases that respectively
Adpositional_case
Grammatical case
other locative cases in Finnish and Estonian are these: Inessive case ("in") Elative case ("out of") Illative case ("into") Adessive case ("at", "in the
Allative_case
Theory in linguistic typology
most common cases not listed in the hierarchy are the comitative, purposive, allative, perlative and comparative. Blake, B. (1992). The Case Hierarchy.
Case_hierarchy
Grammatical case
is a grammatical case which indicates motion to a location. It corresponds to the English prepositions "to" and "into". The lative case belongs to the group
Lative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the translative case (abbreviated transl) is a grammatical case that indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of "becoming
Translative_case
Declination patterns for nouns in the Finnish language
number of grammatical cases, whose uses and meanings are detailed here. See also Finnish grammar. Many meanings expressed by case markings in Finnish correspond
Finnish_noun_cases
Closed-class word - Cognate - Cognitive science - Coherence - Colloquialism - Comitative case - Comparative - Comparative linguistics - Comparative method - Compound
Index_of_linguistics_articles
Grammatical case
The exessive case (abbreviated exess) is a grammatical case that denotes a transition away from a state. It is a rare case found in certain dialects of
Exessive_case
Grammatical case
comparative case (abbreviated comp) is a grammatical case which marks a nominal to indicate comparison with another entity through the designation of a case marker
Comparative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the absolutive case (abbreviated abs) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive
Absolutive_case
Word that is only pronounceable in combination with another word
certainly This is certainly my flower. Estonian: Enclitic -gi with the comitative case turns "with/having something" into "even with/having something". Without
Clitic
Ugric language spoken in Siberia
transformation. Instructive case (related to Instrumental case), as in something is an instrument for an action. Comitative case, used to indicate that something
Khanty_languages
Spoken form of the Finnish language
("with [something]") is abbreviated into a clitic that is effectively a comitative case, e.g. -nkans or -nkaa. The most common reflexes for old Finnish dental
Colloquial_Finnish
Indigenous language spoken in parts of Mexico
grammatical case and postpositions. The case system distinguishes nominative, accusative, genitive, comitative, instrumental, and locative cases, but there
Purépecha_language
Dormant Northwest Caucasian language
exist in Ubykh too: instrumental case (-/ɜwn(ɨ)/) was also treated as a case in Dumézil (1975). instrumental-comitative case (-/ɐlɜ/). Another pair of postpositions
Ubykh_language
Grammatical case
The aversive or evitative case (abbreviated evit) is a grammatical case found in Australian Aboriginal languages that indicates that the marked noun is
Aversive_case
Dravidian language of Tulu Nadu region
nothing against him." Bhat calls it the sociative case. It is somewhat similar to the comitative case, but different in that it denotes communication or
Tulu_language
Phonological doubling of initial consonants
there soon.") → pronounced as menen sinnekkohta. Comitative case (in some dialects, the comitative case without a possessive suffix may lead to gemination)
Syntactic_gemination
Grammatical use indicating possession
grammatical case (the possessive case), although they are also sometimes considered to represent the genitive case, or are not assigned to any case, depending
Possessive
Grammatical case in Hungarian
Hungarian language the essive-formal case or formative case can be viewed as combining an essive case and a formal case, and it can express the position,
Formative_case
Kiranti language in Nepal and India
case, the ergative -ŋa, the genitive -ka/-ga, the locative -pe/-be, the ablative case -bhaŋ and the comitative case -nuŋ, and the instrumental case -ŋa
Yakkha_language
Grammatical case
In grammar, the inessive case (abbreviated ine; from Latin: inesse "to be in or at") is a locative grammatical case. This case carries the basic meaning
Inessive_case
Grammatical rules of the Finnish language
molemmin käsin ('Pull the paper towel using both hands') A noun in the comitative case is always followed by a possessive suffix. However, as is typical in
Finnish_grammar
Mixed language spoken in China
PL DAT say give tentative ‘You tell the guests’ 2. Instrumental and Comitative Cases (la 啦 or liangge 兩個): This structural pattern is borrowed from Altaic
Hezhou_language
Grammatical case
The egressive case (abbreviated egre) marks the beginning of a movement from an approximate location or a moment in time. This case is used in Udmurt
Egressive_case
Grammatical case
The distributive case (abbreviated distr) is used on nouns for the meanings of 'per' or 'each.' In Hungarian, it is -nként and expresses the manner when
Distributive_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the term sublative case (abbreviated subl) is used to refer to grammatical cases expressing different situations: In Hungarian and Finnish
Sublative_case
Yuman language spoken in Mexico and US
vowel -m: instrumental, allative, or comitative case -k: ablative or locative case -lly: inessive or illative case The default word order of Tiipai is
Tiipai_language
Grammatical case
An adessive case (abbreviated ade; from Latin adesse "to be present (at)": ad "at" + esse "to be") is a grammatical case generally denoting location at
Adessive_case
Afro-Asiatic language of Ethiopia
instrumental, ablative, locative, and comitative cases, which are expressed in different ways. The dative case, for instance, is expressed via the system
Baiso_language
Grammatical case for noun addressed
In grammar, the vocative case (abbreviated voc) is a grammatical case which is used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object, etc.) being addressed
Vocative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the elative case (abbreviated ela; from Latin: efferre "to bring or carry out") is a locative grammatical case signifying that something comes
Elative_case
Overview of noun phrases in Hungarian
plural cases. However, in Hungarian there are possessed and not possessed plural cases. Since the possessor may also be plural, the plural case is marked
Hungarian_noun_phrase
Grammatical case
The benefactive case (abbreviated ben, or sometimes b when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case typically used where English would use "for",
Benefactive_case
Yukaghir language of northeastern Russia
until morning-DAT wait-DETR-3PL:INTR “They waited until the morning.” Comitative case, marked by the suffix -n’e, is used to link constituents or to indicate
Southern_Yukaghir_language
Linguistic phenomenon whereby a language allows multiple cases suffixed on the same head
Suffixaufnahme (German: [ˈzʊfɪksˌʔaʊ̯fˌnaːmə], "suffix resumption"), also known as case stacking, is a linguistic phenomenon used in forming a genitive construction
Suffixaufnahme
Creole language of Brazil
such as antipassives or comitative case, seem to be present in any investigation of the language. As seems to be the case with the majority of creole
Karipúna_French_Creole
Grammatical case
Apudessive case (abbreviated apud) is used for marking a juxtaposing spatial relation, or location next to something ("next to the house"). It is found
Apudessive_case
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
abbreviated to pst) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning. Similarly
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
Grammatical case
grammar, the instructive case is a grammatical case used in Finnish, Estonian, and the Turkic languages. In Finnish, the instructive case is used to indicate
Instructive_case
Grammatical case expressing resemblance
The semblative case (abbreviated sembl) or similative case (abbreviated simv) is a grammatical case that denotes the similarity of one entity to another
Semblative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the perlative case (abbreviated per), also known as pergressive, is a grammatical case which expresses that something moved "through", "across"
Perlative_case
Macro-Je language spoken in Brazil
include ablative case, adessive, allative, comitative, comitative-locative, desiderative, essive, final, inessive, instrumental comitative case, instrumental
Panará_language
Tibetic language spoken in Bhutan
spatial movement the referent of a noun phrase. The comitative/associative is used for comitative case marking as well as coordination within a noun phrase
Brokpa_language
Grammatical case
adverbial case (abbreviated adv) is a noun case in Abkhaz and Georgian with a function similar to that of the translative and essive cases in Finnic languages
Adverbial_case
Grammatical case specifying the time and manner of an event
distributive-temporal of a noun is a grammatical case specifying when and how often something is done. This case (-nta/-nte) in Hungarian can express how often
Distributive-temporal_case
Extinct language of North America
knife - INST bear kill - PST "s/he killed the bear with a knife" The comitative case is marked with -k'a and is used to indicate accompaniment. ah 1SG:NOM
Wappo_language
Grammatical case
A direct case (abbreviated dir) is a grammatical case used with all three core relations: both the agent and patient of transitive verbs and the argument
Direct_case
Language belonging to the Lezgic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family
called the nominative), ergative, genitive, dative, comparative, and comitative. Cases are realized as suffixes, either attached directly to the noun or
Rutul_language
Grammatical case
In linguistics, the postelative case (abbreviated postel) is a noun case that indicates location from behind. This case is found in the Northeast Caucasian
Postelative_case
Linguistic category tracking areal features of European languages
"A-and B", "A-and B-and", "A B-and", or the comitative "with"; syncretism of instrumental and comitative cases (e.g. English I cut my food with a knife when
Standard_Average_European
Grammatical case
The antessive case (abbreviated ante) is used for marking the spatial relation of preceding or being before. The case is found in some Dravidian languages
Antessive_case
Aspect of verb grammar
or just ro-) prefix can also be added to intransitive verbs. It has a comitative meaning and translates roughly as "to cause something or someone to participate
Causative
Lezgic language of southern Dagestan, Russia
'among'; and super 'on'. The locative cases can be suffixed to the noun alone, or the elative, lative, and comitative cases are suffixed onto the locative forms
Tabasaran_language
Earliest attested form of the Korean language
to the Japanese kanbun tradition, these glosses provide Old Korean noun case markers, inflectional suffixes, and phonograms that would have helped Korean
Old_Korean
Grammatical case in Hungarian
In grammar, the delative case (abbreviated del; from Latin: deferre "to bear or bring away or down") is a grammatical case in the Hungarian language which
Delative_case
Grammatical case
In grammar, the intransitive case (abbreviated intr), also denominated passive case or patient case, is a grammatical case used in some languages to mark
Intransitive_case
Grammatical case
Final case is used for marking final cause ("for a house"). Semitic languages had this case, but all of them lost it[failed verification]. In Arabic,
Final_case
Grammatical case
equative case (abbreviated equ) is a grammatical case prototypically expressing the standard of comparison of equal values ("as… as…"). The equative case has
Equative_case
Grammatical case
The pertingent case is a grammatical case found in the Tlingit language. It is used to refer to something which is touching something else: for example
Pertingent_case
Grammatical case
The subessive case (abbreviated sube) is a grammatical case indicating location under or below something. It occurs in Northeast Caucasian languages like
Subessive_case
Grammatical case
The intrative case (abbreviated itrt) is a case that roughly expresses the notion of the English prepositions "amidst" or "between". It is found in the
Intrative_case
Grammatical case
linguistics, the postessive case (abbreviated poste) is a noun case that indicates movement behind something. This case is found in Northeast Caucasian
Postessive_case
Grammatical case
the pegative case (abbreviated peg) is a hypothetical grammatical case that prototypically marks the agent of an action of giving. The case has been posited
Pegative_case
Grammatical case
multiplicative case (abbreviated mlt or mltp) is a grammatical case used for marking a number of something ("three times"). The case is found in the
Multiplicative_case
Northeast Caucasian language
and absolutive cases, Akhvakh has eighteen other cases, for a total of twenty cases. The additional cases are dative genitive comitative purposive fifteen
Akhvakh_language
Inflection of words according to number, gender, and/or case
determiners. It serves to indicate number (e.g. singular, dual, plural), case (e.g. nominative, accusative, genitive, or dative), gender (e.g. masculine
Declension
Chicham language of Peru
'monkey's' is derived from the accusative form of 'monkey' waʃín. The comitative case is used to demonstrate accompaniment, and it is marked with the suffix
Aguaruna_language
travel, tourism, insurance
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