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Cryptographic scheme
A commitment scheme is a cryptographic primitive that allows one to commit to a chosen value (or chosen statement) while keeping it hidden to others,
Commitment_scheme
Topics referred to by the same term
Committed relationship Commitment scheme, a cryptographic scheme that allows commitment to a chosen value Promise, a commitment by someone to do or not
Commitment
Type of data structure
an efficient example of a cryptographic commitment scheme, in which the root of the tree is seen as a commitment and leaf nodes may be revealed and proven
Merkle_tree
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
quantum coin-flipping, quantum commitment protocols are implemented when distrustful parties are involved. A commitment scheme allows a party Alice to fix
Quantum_cryptography
Type of financial fraud
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent
Ponzi_scheme
American computer scientist and cryptographer (born 1955)
information-theoretic private-channels, and also first formalized the concept of a commitment scheme. 1991, with Torben Pedersen, he demonstrated a well-cited zero-knowledge
David_Chaum
Concept in cryptography
schemes. The framework allows instantiations with different commitment schemes, including post-quantum secure options such as hash-based commitments.
Verifiable_secret_sharing
Hospital in California, United States
evidence that stated that the Sexually Violent Predator Act's "civil commitment scheme" is applied too broadly in California, meaning that many people could
Coalinga_State_Hospital
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
database information without server knowing which item was requested Commitment scheme—allows one to commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden to
Cryptographic_primitive
American Cryptographer
2006): Co-developed error-tolerant cryptographic primitives—fuzzy commitment schemes and fuzzy vaults—for securing noisy data such as biometric templates
Ari_Juels
Canadian computer scientist (born 1955)
Quantum entanglement Quantum pseudo-telepathy Amplitude amplification Commitment scheme BB84 BHT algorithm Spouse Lise Raymond Awards FRS (2013) Wolf Prize
Gilles_Brassard
Unreproducible object used in digital security
resistant to spoofing attacks. Using a fuzzy extractor or the fuzzy commitment scheme that are provably suboptimal in terms of storage and privacy leakage
Physical_unclonable_function
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
the hash value given to him before. (This is an example of a simple commitment scheme; in actual practice, Alice and Bob will often be computer programs
Cryptographic_hash_function
Proving validity without revealing other data
for H. Peggy commits to H. She could do so by using a cryptographic commitment scheme. Alternatively, she could number the vertices of H. Next, for each
Zero-knowledge_proof
Melbourne discovered Swiss Post's system had a security flaw in its commitment scheme. During the late 1990s, the idea of modernizing elections by providing
Electronic voting in Switzerland
Electronic_voting_in_Switzerland
Covert cryptographic channel
an enhancement. With the help of the zero-knowledge proof and the commitment scheme it is possible to prevent the usage of the subliminal channel. This
Subliminal_channel
Technique in cryptography
cryptographic commitment scheme. A contemporary example of using bilinear pairings is exemplified in the BLS digital signature scheme. Pairing-based
Pairing-based_cryptography
1997 international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
reduction commitment periods. It set a timetable starting in 2006 for negotiations to establish emission reduction commitments for a second commitment period
Kyoto_Protocol
Encryption method
schemes usually do not provide the key commitment, a guarantee that the decryption would fail for any other key. As of 2021, most existing AE schemes
Authenticated_encryption
became visible in 1613. Early astronomers used anagrams as a form of commitment scheme to lay claim to new discoveries before their results were ready for
Rings_of_Saturn
agreement" and no longer has to meet its commitment to pay its debt to the pension scheme. It is funded by scheme assets and an estimated £1.9B of taxation
Financial_Assistance_Scheme
Economic policies
The white-goods scheme (₹6,238 crore ≈ USD 750 million) secured more than ₹6,600 crore (≈ USD 800 million) in investment commitments and aims to raise
Production Linked Incentive schemes in India
Production_Linked_Incentive_schemes_in_India
Housing initiative in India
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a credit-linked subsidy scheme by the Government of India to facilitate access to affordable housing for the low and
Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana
Chemical tanker involved in a 2015 collision
MV Stolt Commitment is a chemical tanker owned by Stolt Tankers that collided with, and subsequently sank, the general cargo ship Thorco Cloud in the Singapore
MV_Stolt_Commitment
claw-free permutations f0 and f1 it is straightforward to create a commitment scheme. To commit to a bit b the sender chooses a random x, and calculates
Claw-free_permutation
Cryptographic primitive
to hide the values for the pairing evaluation in a commitment. Using different commitment schemes, this idea was used to build zero-knowledge proof systems
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
Non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof
The UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) is the carbon emission trading scheme of the United Kingdom. It is cap and trade and came into operation on 1
UK_Emissions_Trading_Scheme
Juels and Sudan came up with Fuzzy vault schemes. These are order invariant for the fuzzy commitment scheme and use a Reed–Solomon error correction code
Fuzzy_extractor
Financial help scheme in Karnataka, India
approximately ₹52,000 crore for all guarantee schemes combined. The state government has maintained its commitment to these welfare measures despite criticism
Yuva_Nidhi
British carbon emissions reduction scheme
CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (the CRC, formerly the Carbon Reduction Commitment) was a mandatory carbon emissions reduction scheme in the United Kingdom
CRC_Energy_Efficiency_Scheme
Contractual transaction on a decentralized platform
can be implemented by using block hashes or timestamps, oracles, commitment schemes, special smart contracts like RANDAO and Quanta, as well as sequences
Smart_contract
British university accreditation scheme promoting gender equality
institutional commitment to the charter poses a risk to academic freedom. John Armstrong and Alice Sullivan have argued that 'policy-scoring schemes' such as
Athena_SWAN
Human behavior pattern in which the participant takes on increasing risk
Escalation of commitment is a pattern of decision-making in which individuals or groups continue to invest in a chosen course of action despite mounting
Escalation_of_commitment
Hydroelectric power station in Cardiff
of salmon. Cardiff Council built the scheme to supply renewable electricity to 550 homes as part of a commitment to lower carbon emissions and help Cardiff
Radyr_Hydro_Scheme
techniques to inherently noisy biometric data. Fuzzy Commitments were proposed as "Helper Data Schemes" for storing biometric templates. A helper data system
Private_biometrics
Vote counting system
checked against their commitments to ensure with high probability that the ballot commitments are correct. Stream cipher Commitment scheme Zero-knowledge proof
Punchscan
Pension scheme in India
Old Pension Scheme (OPS) in India was abolished as a part of pension reforms by Union Government. Repealed from 1 January 2004, it had a defined-benefit
Old_Pension_Scheme
U.S. federal statute
civil commitment scheme. Section 4248 of the Act contains the Commitment Provision, which authorizes the federal government to initiate commitment proceedings
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
Adam_Walsh_Child_Protection_and_Safety_Act
2018 British political scandal
compensation scheme. A small poll of applicants for compensation found that 97% did not trust the Home Office to deliver on its commitments. In June 2020
Windrush_scandal
Form of URLs used as persistent identifiers
metadata record that includes a commitment statement from the current service provider. Implicit in the design of the ARK scheme is that persistence is purely
Archival_Resource_Key
Function used in computer cryptography
Pseudorandom generators Pseudorandom function families Bit commitment schemes Private-key encryption schemes secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack Message
One-way_function
Japanese container shipping company
painted vessel was delivered and added into the fleet. ONE Commitment (formerly known as MOL Commitment, built in 2013), started her maiden voyage at Singapore
Ocean_Network_Express
Cryptographic key Cipher Ciphertext Plaintext Code Tabula recta Alice and Bob Commitment schemes Secure multiparty computation Electronic voting Authentication Digital
Outline_of_cryptography
1903 plan for a Jewish homeland in British East Africa
The British Uganda Programme, also known as the Uganda Scheme, was a proposal by the British Empire to establish a semi-autonomous Jewish territory in
British_Uganda_Programme
Encryption method in quantum mechanics
classical protocols based on commitment schemes, but they assume that the players lack the computing power to break the scheme. In contrast, quantum coin
Quantum_coin_flipping
Composable Commitments; Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2001/055 (link) Marc Fischlin, Roger Fischlin: Efficient Non-malleable Commitment Schemes. CRYPTO
Common_reference_string_model
Government of Tamil Nadu 2021-2026
Mudhalvan Scheme for skill development, the Green Tamil Nadu Mission aimed at increasing the state’s green cover, and the Chief Minister's Breakfast Scheme to
Chief ministership of M. K. Stalin
Chief_ministership_of_M._K._Stalin
NP statements. zk-SNARK proofs combine the sum-check protocol with commitment schemes to obtain zero-knwoledge and succinct arguments. Cryptographic protocol
Sum-check_protocol
implement the scheme. However, the announced scheme failed to satisfy the leaders of the protest movement. One Rank One Pension Scheme Rank Pay Sixth
Defence_pensions_in_India
UK charity
Motability is a scheme in the United Kingdom intended to enable disabled people, their families and their carers to lease a new car, scooter or powered
Motability
Collision resistance • Colossus computer • Combined Cipher Machine • Commitment scheme • Common Scrambling Algorithm • Communications security • Communications
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
French politician (born 1984)
predecessor, the Pinel scheme, which expired on 31 December 2024 and operated through a direct, fixed tax reduction. The Jeanbrun scheme instead allows landlords
Vincent_Jeanbrun
encrypted using a cryptographic commitment scheme—akin to placing the dummy votes in "sealed envelopes." A list of all commitments (encrypted dummy votes) is
Bingo_voting
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2024
government ended certain Winter Fuel Payments, implemented an early-release scheme for thousands of prisoners to decrease prison overcrowding, and settled
Keir_Starmer
Businessman and public official (born 1971)
expressed interest in buying Twitter and had questioned the platform's commitment to freedom of speech. By 2022, Musk had reached 9.2% stake in the company
Elon_Musk
State owned health insurance scheme
Osun State government set up its health insurance scheme with a commitment to making the insurance scheme operational to serve its citizens. As mandated
Osun_Health_Insurance_Scheme
2025 North American basketball league scandal
federal indictments “with the utmost seriousness” and reaffirmed its commitment to preserving the integrity of the game. Antonio Blakeney Jack Molinas
2025 NBA illegal gambling prosecution
2025_NBA_illegal_gambling_prosecution
German-Swiss businessman (born 1941)
June 2006 for his entrepreneurial achievements and his many years of commitment to the employees of his company and the social facilities in Eppelheim
Hans-Peter_Wild
First large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world
trading scheme (or cap and trade scheme) that began in 2005 and is intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Cap and trade schemes limit emissions
European Union Emissions Trading System
European_Union_Emissions_Trading_System
South African government student financial aid scheme
The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a South African government student financial aid scheme which provides financial aid to undergraduate
National Student Financial Aid Scheme
National_Student_Financial_Aid_Scheme
Learning Credit Scheme and Further and Higher Education Commitment Scheme) (Amendment) Order 2016 311 The Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (Automatic
List of statutory instruments of the United Kingdom, 2016
List_of_statutory_instruments_of_the_United_Kingdom,_2016
Scheme to support walking trails in Ireland
September 2021). "Durrow Leafy Loop added to National Walk's Scheme as part of commitment to boost rural tourism". LaoisToday.ie. Gately, Bronagh (1 March
Walks_Scheme
Prime Minister of Italy since 2022
During her speech, Meloni stated: "Italy remains strongly convinced of its commitment to decarbonisation in compliance with the Paris Agreement. We must diversify
Giorgia_Meloni
Period of the Government of the United Kingdom since 2024
Fuel Payments for around 10 million people, implemented an early-release scheme for thousands of prisoners to reduce prison overcrowding, settled a number
Premiership_of_Keir_Starmer
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2022 to 2024
Retention furlough scheme for employees. This was the first time a British government had created such an employee retention scheme. The scheme was introduced
Rishi_Sunak
Country in northwestern Europe
2018; "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018; "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Archived from
United_Kingdom
taking stringent actions against female infanticide under this scheme. Under the scheme, Haryana which had the sex ratio of 834 females in 2012, and improved
Bride_buying_in_India
English footballer (born 1975)
Manchester United on his 14th birthday, and subsequently signed a Youth Training Scheme contract on 8 July 1991. Having signed for Manchester United as a trainee
David_Beckham
Government agency
Affairs and TRIFED launched the MSP for MFP scheme in 2013–14. In May 2020 the revised guidelines on the scheme were launched amidst COVID-19 crisis and
Tribal Co-operative Marketing Federation of India
Tribal_Co-operative_Marketing_Federation_of_India
British reinsurance firm
terrorism, is owned by its members but is underpinned by a HM Treasury commitment to support Pool Re if ever it has insufficient funds to pay a legitimate
Pool_Re
Egyptian footballer (born 1992)
Retrieved 2 July 2018. Carroll, James (2 July 2018). "Jürgen Klopp: Salah's commitment is a sign for Liverpool". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on
Mohamed_Salah
Country in Southwestern Europe
borders and homogeneous population contributed to a lack of political commitment to educational development until the First Republic in the early 20th
Portugal
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022
Johnson visited Anguilla and Tortola in September 2017 to confirm the UK's commitment to helping restore British territories devastated by Hurricane Irma. In
Boris_Johnson
Type of argument
scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation. Many different argumentation schemes
Argumentation_scheme
Type of community in New Zealand
community) were set up in rural areas of New Zealand under a government scheme established in the mid-1970s. In the 1970s, the third Labour Government
Ohu
South Korea's Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS) is the second largest in scale after the European Union Emission Trading Scheme and was launched on January
Emissions Trading Scheme in South Korea
Emissions_Trading_Scheme_in_South_Korea
British politician (born 1970)
are married" and "it's not wrong that the tax system should recognise commitment and marriage". Burnham voted in favour of same-sex marriage in 2013. In
Andy_Burnham
Country in Southern and Western Europe
Party, the Greens and Left Alliance, Aosta Valley, More Europe, Civic Commitment, the Five Star Movement, Action – Italia Viva, South Tyrolean People's
Italy
American actress
of Marion Davies about Lederer's sexual orientation shortly before her commitment to a psychiatric ward. A shocked Lederer warned Brooks about this breach
Pepi_Lederer
similar scheme in the NHS in Northern Ireland, but there has been no award scheme run for several years. In the Welsh NHS there are local commitment awards
National Clinical Impact Award
National_Clinical_Impact_Award
American fantasy drama TV series (2011–2019)
Lannister, who have shown concern about the populace. Still, their methods or commitment to the cause have been criticized. Martin explores the relationship between
Game_of_Thrones
Political party in the United States
Larry M. (September 15, 2020). "Ethnic antagonism erodes Republicans' commitment to democracy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (37):
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
English footballer and pundit (born 1988)
clause, but Oldham refused. He also attended the Brazilian Soccer Schools scheme and retains strong links with the programme, with his father Lincoln running
Micah_Richards
Country in South America
the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. Vázquez, who assumed the government in March 2005, created the Ministry
Uruguay
1938 novel by Jean-Paul Sartre
occupation of France emphasized political activism as a form of personal commitment. This political dimension was developed in Sartre's later trilogy of novels
Nausea_(novel)
American multinational technology company
centers and offices. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2
Argentine footballer (born 1987)
On 14 December, an ultimatum was issued for Barcelona to prove their commitment, and Rexach, with no other paper at hand, wrote a contract on a paper
Lionel_Messi
Tax free way for UK taxpayers to give money to UK Registered Charities
Payroll Giving, Workplace Giving or Give As You Earn (GAYE) is a scheme for UK taxpayers to donate money to UK Registered Charities. Introduced in 1987
Payroll_giving
American actress (born 1976)
November 10, 2007. Gardner, Elysa (September 13, 1998). "Reese Witherspoon; Commitment, Success and the Age of Ambivalence". The New York Times. Archived from
Reese_Witherspoon
Argentine revolutionary (1928–1967)
friendship that would change the world" as a result of their coinciding commitment to anti-imperialism. By this point in Guevara's life, he deemed that US-controlled
Che_Guevara
Men's association football team
blue kits. One of the most notable departures from the traditional colour scheme occurred during the 1986 FIFA World Cup, when Iraq wore yellow against Paraguay
Iraq_national_football_team
King of the United Kingdom since 2022
ending in 2027. Described by the Keeper of the Privy Purse as part of a commitment to "fiscal discipline", the decision marked the end of 180 years of the
Charles_III
British politician and broadcaster (born 1964)
made a manifesto commitment to a referendum on EU membership, Farage said they had already failed to honour a "cast iron" commitment to a referendum on
Nigel_Farage
American multinational technology company
August 1997, Jobs secured a $150 million investment from Microsoft and a commitment to continue developing software for the Mac platform, an agreement widely
Apple_Inc.
Country within the United Kingdom
possible by Scotland's universities and parish schools, together with the commitment Scots had to education during the Scottish Enlightenment. Alexander Fleming
Scotland
British politician (born 1980)
British citizenship is more than having a British passport but also a commitment to the UK and its people." Badenoch also called for a better "integration
Kemi_Badenoch
Brian, rushing to his aid, understands Dom's plight and fulfilling his commitment to give Dom a ten-second car, hands over the keys to his Supra. Dom departs
List of Fast & Furious characters
List_of_Fast_&_Furious_characters
1930s Canadian plan for neutrality in Japan-United States war
military commitment in advance of an actual crisis developing." Defence Scheme No. 1 David J. Bercuson and J.L. Granatstein, "Defence Scheme No. 2" in
Defence_Scheme_No._2
Indian politician (born 1974)
Party, citing that the party's political ambitions had overtaken its commitment to public welfare. He pointed to unfulfilled promises, including the failure
Kailash_Gahlot
British Overseas Territory in Iberia
indirect taxation including tobacco and anti-money laundering, with commitments to fair competition in taxation, state aid and labour. It explicitly
Gibraltar
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a schemer or trickster, from Middle English tripet(t), Old French tripot ‘malicious plot’, ‘trick’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Schemer
Boy/Male
Muslim
Schemer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse byname Krókr meaning ‘crook’, ‘bend’, originally possibly bestowed on a cripple or hunchback or a devious schemer, but in early medieval England used as a personal name.English : from Old Norse krókr ‘hook’, ‘bend’, borrowed into Middle English as a vocabulary word and applied as a metonymic occupational name for a maker, seller, or user of hooks or a topographic name for someone who lived by a bend in a river or road. In some instances the surname may have arisen as a habitational name from places in Cumbria and Durham named Crook from this word.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Commitment; Pledge; Delegation
Boy/Male
Finnish, German, Greek
To Ponder Victory; Victorious Scheme
Girl/Female
Muslim
Commitment, Pledge, Delegation
Male
Italian
Italian form of Latin Nicomedes, NICOMEDO means "victory-scheme."
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
Boy/Male
English
From the Priest's dwelling.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : derogatory nickname for a small person, from Middle English grub ‘insect larva’.This is a PA name probably representing German Grube.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Sadd.French : habitational name from a place in Hérault called Saddes.French : nickname from Latin sapidus ‘prudent’, ‘wise’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Moon
Boy/Male
Welsh
Legendary father of Gweir.
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Russian
Strong and Manly; Masculine; Man; Warrior
Boy/Male
French
Name of a king.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boy/Male
Hindu
Point where the Sky & sea appears to Meet
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Friend of the City; Sovereign
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
COMMITMENT SCHEME
n.
A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.
n.
The act of remanding; the order for recommitment.
n.
One whose imagination overpowers his reason and controls his judgment; an unpractical schemer; one who builds castles in the air; a daydreamer.
n.
The act of committing, or putting in charge, keeping, or trust; consignment; esp., the act of committing to prison.
n.
A doing, or perpetration, in a bad sense, as of a crime or blunder; commission.
n.
The ideas, views, aims, etc., of a Utopian; impracticable schemes of human perfection; optimism.
v. i.
To form a scheme or schemes.
v. t.
To make a scheme of; to plan; to design; to project; to plot.
a.
Existing in imagination only; not real; fanciful; imaginary; having no solid foundation; as, visionary prospect; a visionary scheme or project.
n.
A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a person; -- more frequently termed a mittimus.
n.
A plan or theory something to be done; a design; a project; as, to form a scheme.
a.
Full of schemes or plans.
n.
The act of referring or intrusting to a committee for consideration and report; as, the commitment of a petition or a bill.
imp. & p. p.
of Scheme
n.
A precept or warrant granted by a justice for committing to prison a party charged with crime; a warrant of commitment to prison.
n.
Alt. of Recommittal
n.
One who forms schemes; a projector; esp., a plotter; an intriguer.
n.
The act of pledging or engaging; the act of exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being pledged or engaged.
n.
A clandestine scheme; a trick.
n.
The act of committing, or the state of being committed; commitment.