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Cryptographic scheme
A commitment scheme is a cryptographic primitive that allows one to commit to a chosen value (or chosen statement) while keeping it hidden to others,
Commitment_scheme
Topics referred to by the same term
Committed relationship Commitment scheme, a cryptographic scheme that allows commitment to a chosen value Promise, a commitment by someone to do or not
Commitment
Type of data structure
an efficient example of a cryptographic commitment scheme, in which the root of the tree is seen as a commitment and leaf nodes may be revealed and proven
Merkle_tree
Type of financial fraud
A Ponzi scheme (/ˈpɒnzi/, Italian: [ˈpontsi]) is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays apparent profits to earlier investors with funds from more
Ponzi_scheme
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
quantum coin-flipping, quantum commitment protocols are implemented when distrustful parties are involved. A commitment scheme allows a party Alice to fix
Quantum_cryptography
American Cryptographer
2006): Co-developed error-tolerant cryptographic primitives—fuzzy commitment schemes and fuzzy vaults—for securing noisy data such as biometric templates
Ari_Juels
American computer scientist and cryptographer (born 1955)
information-theoretic private channels, and also first formalized the concept of a commitment scheme. 1991, with Torben Pedersen, he demonstrated a well-cited zero-knowledge
David_Chaum
Concept in cryptography
schemes. The framework allows instantiations with different commitment schemes, including post-quantum secure options such as hash-based commitments.
Verifiable_secret_sharing
Hospital in California, United States
evidence that stated that the Sexually Violent Predator Act's "civil commitment scheme" is applied too broadly in California, meaning that many people could
Coalinga_State_Hospital
Venezuelan computer scientist
Blum–Goldwasser cryptosystem Blum–Micali algorithm CAPTCHA reCAPTCHA Commitment scheme Spouse Lenore Blum Awards ACM's A.M. Turing Award, 1995 Distinguished
Manuel_Blum
Canadian computer scientist (born 1955)
Quantum entanglement Quantum pseudo-telepathy Amplitude amplification Commitment scheme BB84 BHT algorithm Spouse Lise Raymond Awards FRS (2013) Wolf Prize
Gilles_Brassard
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
database information without server knowing which item was requested Commitment scheme—allows one to commit to a chosen value while keeping it hidden to
Cryptographic_primitive
Proving validity without revealing other data
for H. Peggy commits to H. She could do so by using a cryptographic commitment scheme. Alternatively, she could number the vertices of H. Next, for each
Zero-knowledge_proof
Unreproducible object used in digital security
resistant to spoofing attacks. Using a fuzzy extractor or the fuzzy commitment scheme that are provably suboptimal in terms of storage and privacy leakage
Physical_unclonable_function
British carbon emissions reduction scheme
CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (the CRC, formerly the Carbon Reduction Commitment) was a mandatory carbon emissions reduction scheme in the United Kingdom
CRC_Energy_Efficiency_Scheme
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
the hash value given to him before. (This is an example of a simple commitment scheme; in actual practice, Alice and Bob will often be computer programs
Cryptographic_hash_function
Human behavior pattern in which the participant takes on increasing risk
Escalation of commitment is a pattern of decision-making in which individuals or groups continue to invest in a chosen course of action despite mounting
Escalation_of_commitment
Talent scheme run by BBC Radio 3
New Generation Artists scheme (also known as the NGA scheme) was launched in 1999 by Adam Gatehouse as part of the BBC's commitment to young musical talent
BBC Radio 3 New Generation Artists scheme
BBC_Radio_3_New_Generation_Artists_scheme
claw-free permutations f0 and f1 it is straightforward to create a commitment scheme. To commit to a bit b the sender chooses a random x, and calculates
Claw-free_permutation
Encryption method
schemes usually do not provide the key commitment, a guarantee that the decryption would fail for any other key. As of 2021, most existing AE schemes
Authenticated_encryption
1997 international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
reduction commitment periods. It set a timetable starting in 2006 for negotiations to establish emission reduction commitments for a second commitment period
Kyoto_Protocol
Housing initiative in India
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a credit-linked subsidy scheme by the Government of India to facilitate access to affordable housing for the low and
Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana
Contractual transaction on a decentralized platform
can be implemented by using block hashes or timestamps, oracles, commitment schemes, special smart contracts like RANDAO and Quanta, as well as sequences
Smart_contract
Cryptographic primitive
to hide the values for the pairing evaluation in a commitment. Using different commitment schemes, this idea was used to build zero-knowledge proof systems
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
Non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof
Technique in cryptography
encryption schemes. Pairing-based cryptography is used in the KZG cryptographic commitment scheme and is exemplified in the BLS digital signature scheme. In
Pairing-based_cryptography
Melbourne discovered Swiss Post's system had a security flaw in its commitment scheme. During the late 1990s, the idea of modernizing elections by providing
Electronic voting in Switzerland
Electronic_voting_in_Switzerland
Composable Commitments; Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2001/055 (link) Marc Fischlin, Roger Fischlin: Efficient Non-malleable Commitment Schemes. CRYPTO
Common_reference_string_model
Covert cryptographic channel
an enhancement. With the help of the zero-knowledge proof and the commitment scheme it is possible to prevent the usage of the subliminal channel. This
Subliminal_channel
Juels and Sudan came up with Fuzzy vault schemes. These are order invariant for the fuzzy commitment scheme and use a Reed–Solomon error correction code
Fuzzy_extractor
U.S. federal statute
civil commitment scheme. Section 4248 of the Act contains the Commitment Provision, which authorizes the federal government to initiate commitment proceedings
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
Adam_Walsh_Child_Protection_and_Safety_Act
Cryptographic key Cipher Ciphertext Plaintext Code Tabula recta Alice and Bob Commitment schemes Secure multiparty computation Electronic voting Authentication Digital
Outline_of_cryptography
1903 plan for a Jewish homeland in British East Africa
The British Uganda Programme, also known as the Uganda Scheme, was a 1903–05 proposal by the British Empire to establish a semi-autonomous Jewish territory
British_Uganda_Programme
Pension scheme in India
Old Pension Scheme (OPS) in India was abolished as a part of pension reforms by Union Government. Repealed from 1 January 2004, it had a defined-benefit
Old_Pension_Scheme
Learning Credit Scheme and Further and Higher Education Commitment Scheme) (Amendment) Order 2016 311 The Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (Automatic
List of statutory instruments of the United Kingdom, 2016
List_of_statutory_instruments_of_the_United_Kingdom,_2016
techniques to inherently noisy biometric data. Fuzzy Commitments were proposed as "Helper Data Schemes" for storing biometric templates. A helper data system
Private_biometrics
South African government student financial aid scheme
The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a South African government student financial aid scheme which provides financial aid to undergraduate
National Student Financial Aid Scheme
National_Student_Financial_Aid_Scheme
Function used in computer cryptography
Pseudorandom generators Pseudorandom function families Bit commitment schemes Private-key encryption schemes secure against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack Message
One-way_function
The UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) is the carbon emission trading scheme of the United Kingdom. It is cap and trade and came into operation on 1
UK_Emissions_Trading_Scheme
British university accreditation scheme promoting gender equality
institutional commitment to the charter poses a risk to academic freedom. John Armstrong and Alice Sullivan have argued that 'policy-scoring schemes' such as
Athena_SWAN
agreement" and no longer has to meet its commitment to pay its debt to the pension scheme. It is funded by scheme assets and an estimated £1.9B of taxation
Financial_Assistance_Scheme
2025 North American basketball league scandal
The prosecution involves two alleged schemes. Billups and Rozier were charged in separate but related schemes involving rigged poker games and illegal
2025 NBA illegal gambling prosecution
2025_NBA_illegal_gambling_prosecution
NP statements. zk-SNARK proofs combine the sum-check protocol with commitment schemes to obtain zero-knwoledge and succinct arguments. Cryptographic protocol
Sum-check_protocol
Plumbing manufacturer
compliance, the company implemented oversight mechanisms and incentive schemes, including internal and external (third party) audits and a financial incentive
McWane
Vote counting system
checked against their commitments to ensure with high probability that the ballot commitments are correct. Stream cipher Commitment scheme Zero-knowledge proof
Punchscan
UK charity
Motability is a scheme in the United Kingdom intended to enable disabled people, their families and their carers to lease a new car, scooter or powered
Motability
encrypted using a cryptographic commitment scheme—akin to placing the dummy votes in "sealed envelopes." A list of all commitments (encrypted dummy votes) is
Bingo_voting
Hydroelectric power station in Cardiff
of salmon. Cardiff Council built the scheme to supply renewable electricity to 550 homes as part of a commitment to lower carbon emissions and help Cardiff
Radyr_Hydro_Scheme
Form of URLs used as persistent identifiers
metadata record that includes a commitment statement from the current service provider. Implicit in the design of the ARK scheme is that persistence is purely
Archival_Resource_Key
Government of Tamil Nadu 2021-2026
Mudhalvan Scheme for skill development, the Green Tamil Nadu Mission aimed at increasing the state’s green cover, and the Chief Minister's Breakfast Scheme to
Chief ministership of M. K. Stalin
Chief_ministership_of_M._K._Stalin
German-Swiss businessman (born 1941)
June 2006 for his entrepreneurial achievements and his many years of commitment to the employees of his company and the social facilities in Eppelheim
Hans-Peter_Wild
State owned health insurance scheme
Osun State government set up its health insurance scheme with a commitment to making the insurance scheme operational to serve its citizens. As mandated
Osun_Health_Insurance_Scheme
Collision resistance • Colossus computer • Combined Cipher Machine • Commitment scheme • Common Scrambling Algorithm • Communications security • Communications
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Chemical tanker involved in a 2015 collision
MV Stolt Commitment is a chemical tanker owned by Stolt Tankers that collided with, and subsequently sank, the general cargo ship Thorco Cloud in the Singapore
MV_Stolt_Commitment
Encryption method in quantum mechanics
classical protocols based on commitment schemes, but they assume that the players lack the computing power to break the scheme. In contrast, quantum coin
Quantum_coin_flipping
1930s Canadian plan for neutrality in Japan-United States war
military commitment in advance of an actual crisis developing." Defence Scheme No. 1 David J. Bercuson and J.L. Granatstein, "Defence Scheme No. 2" in
Defence_Scheme_No._2
European Commission programme for education, training, youth, and sport
combining all the EU's current schemes for education, training, youth and sport. It was created as the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University
Erasmus_Programme
Businessman and entrepreneur (born 1971)
expressed interest in buying Twitter and had questioned the platform's commitment to freedom of speech. By 2022, Musk had reached 9.2% stake in the company
Elon_Musk
British reinsurance firm
terrorism, is owned by its members but is underpinned by a HM Treasury commitment to support Pool Re if ever it has insufficient funds to pay a legitimate
Pool_Re
First large greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in the world
trading scheme (or cap and trade scheme) that began in 2005 and is intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Cap and trade schemes limit emissions
European Union Emissions Trading System
European_Union_Emissions_Trading_System
where everyone earned whatever however they could, including in illegal schemes. The state took control of Ukraine's defence industry in October 1996 under
Defence_industry_of_Ukraine
Scheme to support walking trails in Ireland
September 2021). "Durrow Leafy Loop added to National Walk's Scheme as part of commitment to boost rural tourism". LaoisToday.ie. Gately, Bronagh (1 March
Walks_Scheme
American actress
of Marion Davies about Lederer's sexual orientation shortly before her commitment to a psychiatric ward. A shocked Lederer warned Brooks about this breach
Pepi_Lederer
1938 novel by Jean-Paul Sartre
occupation of France emphasized political activism as a form of personal commitment. This political dimension was developed in Sartre's later trilogy of novels
Nausea_(novel)
Japanese container shipping company
painted vessel was delivered and added into the fleet. ONE Commitment (formerly known as MOL Commitment, built in 2013), started her maiden voyage at Singapore
Ocean_Network_Express
Government agency
Affairs and TRIFED launched the MSP for MFP scheme in 2013–14. In May 2020 the revised guidelines on the scheme were launched amidst COVID-19 crisis and
Tribal Co-operative Marketing Federation of India
Tribal_Co-operative_Marketing_Federation_of_India
implement the scheme. However, the announced scheme failed to satisfy the leaders of the protest movement. One Rank One Pension Scheme Rank Pay Sixth
Defence_pensions_in_India
forced to relocate their family to the Ozarks following a money laundering scheme that goes awry. The series features an ensemble cast including Jason Bateman
List_of_Ozark_characters
Type of argument
scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation. Many different argumentation schemes
Argumentation_scheme
American college football season
"Chattanooga DE Chris Victor announces transfer commitment to Cal". Rivals. Retrieved April 16, 2025. "Cal lands commitment from Liberty edge TJ Bush Jr". Write
2025 California Golden Bears football team
2025_California_Golden_Bears_football_team
2018 British political scandal
compensation scheme. A small poll of applicants for compensation found that 97% did not trust the Home Office to deliver on its commitments. In June 2020
Windrush_scandal
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 2026
2026's prisoner early release scheme in England and Wales, which was previously scheduled for September 2026, to review the scheme. Along with still working
Andy_Burnham
Former healthcare programme in Ireland
The Mother and Child Scheme was a healthcare programme in Ireland that would later become remembered as a major political crisis involving primarily the
Mother_and_Child_Scheme
Scottish railway modernisation
of Great Britain, especially in the 21st century. There is political commitment to a substantial rolling programme of railway electrification from the
Railway electrification in Scotland
Railway_electrification_in_Scotland
Country in Northwestern Europe
2018; "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018; "Welsh language scheme". GOV.UK. Archived from
United_Kingdom
Irish journalist (1801–1876)
Orangeism". Their "Roman Catholic countrymen would never be party to any scheme" for doing Protestants "civil or political injustice". At odds with the
James MacKnight (agrarian reformer)
James_MacKnight_(agrarian_reformer)
Town in North Ayrshire, Scotland
was also the sixth president of Princeton University and showed great commitment to liberal education and republican government. He died in 1794 on his
Beith
and Monetary Reward Scheme provided an average monetary incentive of ₹10,000 for completing certain training programs. The scheme aimed to upskill one
Vocational_education_in_India
Leader of China since 2012
thought's main elements are summarized in the ten affirmations, the fourteen commitments, and the thirteen areas of achievements. In official party documentation
Xi_Jinping
Private wildlife conservancy in Kenya
located on the Laikipia plateau in central Kenya, for assistance. With a commitment to conservation, a 5,500-hectare (13,500-acre) area of the ranch had already
Solio_Ranch
Concept in cryptography
encapsulation scheme. Note that for very long messages the bulk of the work in encryption/decryption is done by the more efficient symmetric-key scheme, while
Hybrid_cryptosystem
American college football season
Illustrated. Retrieved February 7, 2026. Machado, Angie (January 18, 2026). "COMMITMENT: Oregon State Lands WR Aaron Butler". 247Sports. Retrieved February 7
2026 Texas Longhorns football team
2026_Texas_Longhorns_football_team
past 15 years. Often new governments fail to honour the land rights commitments made to farmers by past regimes. In 2011, farmers in Thailand could sell
Rice_production_in_Thailand
Cast of American crime drama TV series
him and they argued. During the argument and when Meadow talked about a commitment, they decided to get engaged. When Vito was spotted in a gay bar by two
List of The Sopranos characters
List_of_The_Sopranos_characters
Video-sharing platform
an extensive review of our advertising policies and have made a public commitment to put in place changes that give brands more control over where their
YouTube
American multinational technology company
centers and offices. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2
Country in Southwestern Europe
borders and homogeneous population contributed to a lack of political commitment to educational development until the First Republic in the early 20th century;
Portugal
Country in Southern and Western Europe
Party, the Greens and Left Alliance, Aosta Valley, More Europe, Civic Commitment, the Five Star Movement, Action – Italia Viva, South Tyrolean People's
Italy
Commission on the economic viability of the bantustans
industrialized areas. In the report, the commission reiterated their commitment to separate development in the reserves to achieve racial harmony. One
Tomlinson Report (South Africa)
Tomlinson_Report_(South_Africa)
Tenure of Andy Burnham as Greater Manchester Mayor (2017-2026)
regional housing crisis by launching the "A Bed Every Night" emergency scheme to combat street poverty, alongside establishing the "Greater Manchester
Mayoralty_of_Andy_Burnham
2001 accounting scandal
also because of its business plan. Enron established long-term fixed commitments that needed to be hedged to prepare for the invariable fluctuation of
Enron_scandal
South Korea's Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS) is the second largest in scale after the European Union Emission Trading Scheme and was launched on January
Emissions Trading Scheme in South Korea
Emissions_Trading_Scheme_in_South_Korea
Program to train Australian pilots during World War II
the number of Australian pilots. The "Scheme" would ultimately cost Australia about £100,000,000 for her commitments. The RAAF built air and ground training
Australia and the Empire Air Training Scheme
Australia_and_the_Empire_Air_Training_Scheme
American college football season
13, 2026. "2026 Wisconsin Football Commitment List". Retrieved January 13, 2026. "2026 Wisconsin Football Commitment List". Rivals. Retrieved January 13
2026 Wisconsin Badgers football team
2026_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team
American college football season
2024. "2025 Ohio State Football Commitment List". ESPN. Retrieved December 19, 2024. "2025 Ohio State Football Commitment List". Rivals. Retrieved December
2025 Ohio State Buckeyes football team
2025_Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football_team
Ugandan military officer (born 1960)
controversy surrounding his past business dealings and reiterated his commitment to accountability, announcing plans to publish audited personal financial
Salim_Saleh
strategic missile site after the Cuban Missile Crisis; détente and the USSR's commitment to the SALT negotiations resulted in the abandonment of the base, leading
Characters of the Metal Gear series
Characters_of_the_Metal_Gear_series
American AI venture
puts them on a clear path to securing the full $500 billion, 10-gigawatt commitment they announced in January, by the end of 2025, ahead of schedule. On October
Stargate_LLC
Youth awards programme founded in the United Kingdom
Scout Association. In the first twelve months, 7,000 boys enrolled for the scheme. The programme borrowed from the Moray Badge, instituted at Gordonstoun
The_Duke_of_Edinburgh's_Award
Technique to mark material as AI-generated
watermarking. In July 2023, the Joe Biden administration announced a "voluntary commitment" from seven US AI companies to develop AI safeguards, including via watermarking
AI_watermarking
on 27 September, with Luxon announcing that the party would make ten commitments including boosting economic growth, no new taxes, compulsory KiwiSaver
2026 New Zealand general election
2026_New_Zealand_general_election
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance