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A confabulation, also known as a false, degraded, or corrupted memory, is a stable pattern of activation in an artificial neural network or neural assembly
Confabulation (neural networks)
Confabulation_(neural_networks)
Erroneous AI-generated content presented as true
hallucination or artificial hallucination (also called bullshitting, confabulation, delusion, or mirage) is a response generated by AI that contains false
Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)
Subset of artificial intelligence
this framework. Advances in the field of deep learning have allowed neural networks, a class of statistical algorithms, to surpass many previous machine
Machine_learning
American computer scientist (1947–2019)
"Kolmogorov's Mapping Neural Network Existence Theorem" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference on Neural Networks. III: 11–13. Hecht-Nielsen
Robert_Hecht-Nielsen
Forming something new and somehow valuable
Artistic inspiration Brainstorming Computational creativity Confabulation (neural networks) Content creation Creative age Creativity techniques Daydreaming
Creativity
Memory of autobiographical events
cortex. Neural networks help us understand how the brain sends and receives different messages to the body, and how they are connected. These networks are
Episodic_memory
Theory of memory recall
as confabulation. All of the supplemental processes occurring during the course of reconstruction rely on the use of schema, information networks that
Reconstructive_memory
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
between nodes in a network, where each node corresponds to a unique item in memory. Indeed, neural networks and semantic networks may be characterized
Semantic_memory
Term used in machine learning
false information as fact was held as support. Called hallucinations or confabulations, LLMs will occasionally synthesize information that matches some pattern
Stochastic_parrot
Category of memory stabilizing processes
involvement of cortical networks over a period of weeks to years. These processes involve molecular and cellular changes that stabilize neural representations
Memory_consolidation
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
focus in space or time). These processes are supported by distributed neural networks in frontal, parietal, and subcortical regions and are closely linked
Attention
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
involved in speech production). Studies using biologically constrained neural network models indicate that human-specific cortical connectivity supports robust
Working_memory
Aspect of learning procedure
Such models make contact with a current explosion of research on neural networks, artificial intelligence and machine learning.[citation needed] Pavlov
Classical_conditioning
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
meaning in psychology, and the phenomenon in chatbots is more similar to confabulation. Journalists and scholars have commented on ChatGPT's tendency to output
ChatGPT
Part of the brain
frequently are also varied. Confabulation may be the most frequently indicated "less common" effect. In the case of confabulation, someone gives false information
Frontal_lobe
Unawareness of one's own illness, symptoms or impairments
Anosodiaphoria Anton–Babinski syndrome Body schema Body transfer illusion Confabulation Cotard delusion Unilateral neglect (also known as hemispatial neglect)
Anosognosia
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
and events (Byrne 2007). Convergence-divergence zones might be the neural networks where memories are stored and retrieved. Considering that there are
Memory
Mental disorder
ADHD, head trauma, or CNS infection. Child lying Compulsive behavior Confabulation Ganser syndrome Impostor syndrome Munchausen syndrome Psychological
Pathological_lying
Fixation of holding false beliefs
is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of
Delusion
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
constructed in left prefrontal neural networks. As a memory forms over time, activation then transitions to right posterior networks where it remains at a high
Autobiographical_memory
Second stage of the memory process
137–160. doi:10.1016/0025-5564(70)90147-1. Hopfield, J.J. (1982). "Neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergent Collective Computational Abilities"
Storage_(memory)
Capacity to mentally reconstruct personal events from the past
Baddeley A, Wilson B (1986). "Amnesia, autobiographical memory, and confabulation". In Rubin D (ed.). Autobiographical memory. pp. 225–252. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558313
Mental_time_travel
American psychologist and scholar
significant disruptions of cognition (e.g., involving hallucinations, confabulation, or delusions). Beyond individual cognition, Johnson expanded the scope
Marcia_K._Johnson
American memory disorder patient
theories on human memory, in particular about its processes and the underlying neural structures. In the following, some of the major insights are outlined. Molaison's
Henry_Molaison
Overview of and topical guide to the human brain
synapse Electrical synapse Neurotransmitter Synaptic vesicle Active zone Neural network Nervous tissue Cytochrome c oxidase – correlated with neuronal activity
Outline_of_the_human_brain
Mental processes
information in memory requires the information to be firmly embedded within a neural network; which can be done so through traditional methods of repetition and
Memory and retention in learning
Memory_and_retention_in_learning
Impairment in the clarity of consciousness
impairments (both memory formation (anterograde amnesia) and recall), confabulation, hallucination, repetitive speech and action, severe executive dysfunction
Clouding_of_consciousness
Psychological model of memory
been thought to differ in many ways in terms of capacity, the underlying neural substrates, and the types of processes that support performance." We especially
Levels_of_processing_model
Consolidating a motor task into memory through repetition
of firing in certain motor networks, presumably leading to an increase in the efficiency of exciting these motor networks over time. While the exact location
Muscle_memory
Visual response in some blind people
syndrome, in which there is full cortical blindness along with the confabulation of visual experience. Much of our current understanding of blindsight
Blindsight
Evolution and neuroscience of romantic love
love at first sight (with high passion) is often actually a memory confabulation. Furthermore, the study found that the experience of love at first sight
Biology_of_romantic_love
Memory triggered by an environmental cue
Bussenius). Dover, New York. Hall, N. M., Gjedde, A., & Kupers, R. (2008). Neural mechanisms of voluntary and involuntary recall : A PET study. Behavioural
Involuntary_memory
Theory of human moral judgment
S2CID 44258054. Sun R (December 2013). "Moral judgment, human motivation, and neural networks". Cognitive Computation. 5 (4): 566–79. doi:10.1007/s12559-012-9181-0
Dual process theory (moral psychology)
Dual_process_theory_(moral_psychology)
Sensory memory register
inferior temporal gyrus. Age-related increases in activation within the neural structures responsible for echoic memory have been observed showing that
Echoic_memory
Form of memory
more developed in humans than in non-human primates. Brain-constrained neural network models suggest that such connectivity supports sustained activity patterns
Verbal_memory
Biological memory process in organisms
and create neural synapses and is the basis for learning. These molecular distinctions will identify and indicate the strength of each neural connection
Encoding_(memory)
Unconscious memory used to perform tasks
common memory deficits caused by both cases to further understand the neural networks of procedural memory. To learn more about the effects of dopamine and
Procedural_memory
Condition of the human brain
died in 2009. Lateralization of brain function Left brain interpreter Confabulation Brain asymmetry Dual consciousness Divided consciousness Bicameral mentality
Split-brain
Type of long-term human memory
declarative memory are conserved across species as well. The organization and neural pathways of the hippocampus are very similar in humans and other mammal
Explicit_memory
Neurological process
a process that determines which specific synapses and neurons in a neural network will store a given memory. Although multiple neurons can receive a stimulus
Neuronal_memory_allocation
Loss of short-term memory
[citation needed] Vicari et al. describe that it remains unclear whether neural circuits involved in semantic and episodic memory overlap partially or completely
Anterograde_amnesia
Account a witness gives in the courtroom of what they observed
conviction. Anecdotal evidence – Evidence relying on personal testimony Confabulation – Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories (false
Eyewitness_testimony
understood and supported, researchers are turning to the weakly understood neural basis of sleep and memory. Sleep progresses in a cycle which consists of
Sleep_and_memory
Ability to process visual and spatial information
perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations. Visual memory occurs over a broad time range spanning from
Visual_memory
Irish neuroscientist (1970–2025)
University College Dublin, Ireland, where she first became interested in the neural basis of memory while working with patients as a neuropsychologist at Beaumont
Eleanor_Maguire
(June 2010). "Hyperbolically discounted temporal difference learning". Neural Computation. 22 (6): 1511–1527. doi:10.1162/neco.2010.08-09-1080. PMC 3005720
List_of_cognitive_biases
Inattentive or forgetful behavior
H.; Roberts, K. C.; Visscher, K. M.; Woldorff, M. G. (July 2006). "The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention". Nature Neuroscience. 9 (7): 971–978
Absent-mindedness
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
highly stressful traumatic experiences may be stored in different neural networks than is the case with memories for non-stressful experiences, and that
Repressed_memory
Critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory
recall lead to activity in the corresponding positive or negative neural networks. The mood congruence effect refers to the tendency of individuals to
Emotion_and_memory
Synthesis of psychoanalysis and modern neuroscience
can be understood as frontal lobe executive control systems. Dreams, confabulations, and other expressions of primary-process thinking are meaningful, wish-fulfilling
Neuropsychoanalysis
Self-awareness of memory
controlled by artificial neural networks could evolve metamemory ability. Similarly, despite starting from random neural networks that did not even have
Metamemory
Error caused by a memory fault
remembering times of meetings. False memories, sometimes referred to as confabulation, refer to the recollection of inaccurate details of an event, or recollection
Memory_error
High-resolution fMRI can help locate and assess the functionality of large neural networks so that these regions can be further studied using more traditional
Methods_used_to_study_memory
Movements that reflect nervous system changes
Blagouchine and Eric Moreau. Control of a Speech Robot via an Optimum Neural-Network-Based Internal Model With Constraints. IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Motor_learning
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
1041. Grossberg, S. (1971). "Pavlovian pattern learning by nonlinear neural networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 68 (4): 828–31.
Short-term_memory
Alleged impact on behavior
perceptual priming abilities. Priming while improving performance decreases neural processing in the cerebral cortex of sensory stimuli with stimulus repetition
Priming_(psychology)
Process of storage and retrieval memory
memories during sleep can lead to lasting synaptic changes within certain neural networks. It is the high spindle activity, low oscillation activity, and delta
Long-term_memory
Lexical phenomenon
phenomenon occurs due primarily to three reasons, all based on weakened neural connection: the lack of frequent use of a word, the lack of recent use of
Tip_of_the_tongue
Early life experiences often memorable for life
skills and is therefore mastered at a later age as neural networks become more sophisticated. Neural input streams from the frontal lobe become increasingly
Childhood_memory
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
Li; Cheng, Jingliang; Chen, Chuanliang; Shi, Dapeng (2016). "Abnormal Neural Network of Primary Insomnia: Evidence from Spatial Working Memory Task fMRI"
Spatial_memory
American psychologist (1954–2020)
at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focused on the neural basis of human memory and cognition. He received his BA in experimental
Arthur_P._Shimamura
Impressions of sensory information
Retrieved 2011-03-09. Sabri; Kareken, Dzemidzic; Lowe, Melara (2003). "Neural correlates of auditory sensory memory and automatic change detection". NeuroImage
Sensory_memory
Form of memory that involves a planned future action or intention
traces electric activity of the brain. Harrington et al. (1998) found that neural areas ranging from the inferior parietal cortex to the frontal gyri are
Prospective_memory
Neural, cognitive, and behavioral effects of physical exercise
the role of BDNF in hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neural repair. Engaging in moderate-high intensity aerobic exercise such as running
Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise
Retrieval of events or information from the past
parts of the brain, this form of exercise keeps the neural networks functioning well. Neural networks allow information to process and pass to the hippocampus
Recall_(memory)
Procedure in cognitive psychology
memories, with false-memory retrieval showing distinctly different patterns of neural activity to retrieval of real memories. Further work on false memories has
Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm
Deese–Roediger–McDermott_paradigm
Effects of trauma on memory
JM (1995). Memory in the Cerebral Cortex: An Empirical Approach to Neural Networks in the Human and Nonhuman Primate. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Uno
Memory_and_trauma
Buddhism, Mindfulness and Psychology
cognitive process of the raw sensation or feeling (vedana). This process of confabulation feeds back into the perceptual process itself. Therefore, perception
Buddhism_and_psychology
Conceptual sphere of semiotic activity
includes "physical, energetic and material phenomena" that get turned into neural signals and which contribute to processes of neuroplasticity. Common representations
Semiosphere
Memory phenomenon
Anthony D. (July 2007). "Decreased demands on cognitive control reveal the neural processing benefits of forgetting". Nature Neuroscience. 10 (7): 908–914
Retrieval-induced_forgetting
Improved recall when the context of a situation is the same
; Maren, S.; Jaworski, J.; Kaczmarek, L. (2013). "Functional anatomy of neural circuits regulating fear and extinction". Proceedings of the National Academy
Context-dependent_memory
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