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Memory of autobiographical events
Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be
Episodic_memory
Memory system in animals
Episodic-like memory is the memory system in animals that is comparable to human episodic memory. The term was first described by Clayton & Dickinson referring
Episodic-like_memory
Capacity to mentally reconstruct personal events from the past
personal events from the past (episodic memory) as well as to imagine possible scenarios in the future (episodic foresight/episodic future thinking). The term
Mental_time_travel
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
knowledge gained from things in the past. Semantic memory is distinct from episodic memory—the memory of experiences and specific events that occur in one's
Semantic_memory
Process of storage and retrieval memory
explicit memory (declarative memory) and implicit memory (non-declarative memory). Explicit memory is broken down into episodic and semantic memory, while
Long-term_memory
Model of human memory
conjoining information from the subsidiary systems, and long-term memory, into a single episodic representation. This was renamed in 2026 to the awareness buffer
Baddeley's model of working memory
Baddeley's_model_of_working_memory
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
Autobiographical memory (AM) is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences
Autobiographical_memory
Type of long-term human memory
of memory is dependent upon three processes: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Explicit memory can be divided into two categories: episodic memory
Explicit_memory
Topics referred to by the same term
short programs known as episodes Episodic memory, types of memory that result from specific incidents in a lifetime Episodic writing, a publishing format
Episodic
Cognitive parsing of time into event categories
that is preserved in episodic memory. The locations of event boundaries in episodic memory produce systematic distortions in memory, such as time dilation
Event_perception
Loss of short-term memory
explicit memories, giving rise to anterograde amnesia. Patients with anterograde amnesia may have episodic, semantic, or both types of explicit memory impaired
Anterograde_amnesia
Canadian memory disorder patient (1951–2014)
(patient H.M., for example), Cochrane had his semantic memory intact, but lacked episodic memory with respect to his entire past. As a case study, Cochrane
Kent_Cochrane
Canadian experimental psychologist (1927–2023)
neuroscientist. In his research on human memory he proposed the distinction between semantic and episodic memory. Tulving was a professor at the University
Endel_Tulving
Psychological occurrence
false memories because older adults rely heavily on semantic memory rather than specific details stored in episodic memory. Since episodic memory wanes
False_memory
Conscious event, perception or practical knowledge
stimuli registered and transmitted by the senses. The experience of episodic memory, on the other hand, involves reliving a past event one experienced
Experience
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
explicit memory, is the conscious storage and recollection of data. Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers
Memory
Particularly, autobiographical memories are stored in the episodic memory. The episodic memory holds the events from personal experiences in the past, exists
Bilingual_memory
Ability to recall an image from memory after one viewing
subject to distortions and additions (like episodic memory), and vocalization interferes with the memory." "Eidetikers", as those who possess this ability
Eidetic_memory
Cognitive process independent of the senses
deliberation evaluates possible courses of action before selecting one. Episodic memory and imagination internally represent objects or events, either as faithful
Thought
Human ability for introspection
contents of episodic memory". Moreover, autonoetic consciousness involves behaviors such as mental time travel, self-projection, and episodic future thinking
Autonoetic_consciousness
Theory of memory recall
motivation, semantic memory and beliefs, amongst others. People view their memories as being a coherent and truthful account of episodic memory and believe that
Reconstructive_memory
Understanding of one's own basic needs and motives
these are episodic memory and semantic memory. Both episodic and semantic memory are facets of declarative memory, which contains memory of facts. Declarative
Self-knowledge_(psychology)
Development of memory in children
episodic buffer. The purpose of the episodic buffer is to serve as a bridge between both Working memory and Long-Term-Memory, specifically Episodic Memory
Memory_development
Retrieval of events or information from the past
short-term memory. The next major development in the study of memory recall was Endel Tulving's proposition of two kinds of memory: episodic and semantic
Recall_(memory)
Vertebrate brain region
formation of explicit memory, also known as declarative memory. Episodic memory, and semantic memory are the two components of explicit memory. The hippocampus
Hippocampus
Inability of adults to recall memories from childhood
called infantile amnesia, is the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories (memories of situations or events) before the age of three to four years
Childhood_amnesia
British AI researcher (born 1976)
constructive process of imagination and the reconstructive process of episodic memory recall. Based on this work and a follow-up functional magnetic resonance
Demis_Hassabis
non-verbal (non-spatial visual) episodic memory but men performed at a higher level in complex visual-spatial episodic memory. A review published in the journal
Sex_differences_in_cognition
Cognitive process of visually interpreting the human face
controlled. Episodic memory is our ability to remember specific, previously experienced events. In recognition of faces as it pertains to episodic memory, there
Face_perception
people show strong semantic memory, excelling at recalling facts, details, or specific areas of interest, while episodic memory—recalling personal experiences
Autism_and_memory
Category of memory stabilizing processes
involved in the storage and retrieval of episodic memories regardless of age. MTT argues that episodic memories continue to rely on hippocampal networks
Memory_consolidation
Learning technique that helps in remembering
medial temporal lobe and hippocampus, in which the episodic memory is synthesized. The episodic memory stores information about items, objects, or features
Mnemonic
components: a scenario generator based on relaxed planning, a dynamic episodic memory, a collection of personal goals and control goals, an emotion component
DAYDREAMER
Preference or tendency to use a specific hand
(November 2016). "The contributions of handedness and working memory to episodic memory". Memory & Cognition. 44 (8): 1149–1156. doi:10.3758/s13421-016-0625-8
Handedness
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
a unitary episodic representation. The episodic buffer resembles Tulving's concept of episodic memory, but it differs in that the episodic buffer is a
Working_memory
Symbolic cognitive architecture
making module; memory modules (short-term spatial/visual and working memories; long-term procedural, declarative, and episodic memories), learning mechanisms
Soar_(cognitive_architecture)
Place-activated hippocampus cells found in some mammals
thought to play an important role in episodic memory. They contain information about the spatial context a memory took place in. And they seem to perform
Place_cell
Neural circuit
problems with episodic memory are linked to tumors or damage in the Papez circuit. Specific structures of the Papez circuit linked to episodic memory are the
Papez_circuit
Recollection of events triggered by musical stimulus
to evoke vivid, emotional, and episodically rich autobiographical memories. The relationship between music and memory has long been recognized, with music's
Music-evoked autobiographical memory
Music-evoked_autobiographical_memory
Compound intended to improve cognitive function
may improve cognitive functions (e.g. inhibitory control, episodic memory, working memory, and aspects of attention) in healthy people and individuals
Nootropic
Substance used to improve any form of activity performance in humans
functioning, including inhibitory control, working memory, short-term episodic memory, and delayed episodic memory. In addition, we examined the evidence for
Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing_substance
Memory of people, words and events experienced in the past
Retrospective memory is the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past. It includes all other types of memory including episodic, semantic
Retrospective_memory
High-detailed autobiographical memory
hyperthymestics have both a sense of 'knowing' (semantic memory) and 'remembering' (episodic memory) during recollection.[citation needed] One writer claimed
Hyperthymesia
Recall of fabricated, misinterpreted or distorted memories
their semantic memories, as opposed to episodic memory prompting. In addition, confabulation does not appear to be related to any memory deficit in schizophrenic
Confabulation
Memory used for information that only needs to be stored for a short time
semantically structured episodic memory. They found that Lexical-Semantic stimulation treatment could improve episodic memory. Aphasias commonly occur
Short-term_memory
Biological memory process in organisms
hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval. Activation in the hippocampal region associated with episodic memory encoding has been shown
Encoding_(memory)
Psychological phenomenon in which a person re-experiences a memory
the memory more vivid. Decreasing the intensity of the emotion associated with an intrusive memory may reduce the memory to a calmer episodic memory. Several
Flashback_(psychology)
2001 book by Daniel Schacter
events. This is especially true with episodic memory as compared to semantic memory, as "richly detailed evocative memories from the past" contain more multidimensional
The_Seven_Sins_of_Memory
Octogenarian who is cognitively much younger
colleagues began the systematic study of individuals in their 80s with episodic memory comparable to people 20 to 30 years younger. The first group was named
Superager
Region of the parietal lobe of the brain
sulcus, and underneath by the subparietal sulcus. It is involved with episodic memory, visuospatial processing, reflections upon self, and aspects of consciousness
Precuneus
Permanent or temporary loss of long-term memory
individual's episodic, autobiographical, and declarative memory, but they can still form new memories. Furthermore, RA leaves procedural memory intact. Depending
Retrograde_amnesia
American memory disorder patient
recall from short-term memory and procedural memory but not long-term episodic memory suggests that recall from these memory systems may be mediated
Henry_Molaison
Aspect of senescence
comparing the effects of aging on episodic memory, semantic memory, short-term memory and priming find that episodic memory is especially impaired in normal
Memory_and_aging
British conductor with severe amnesia
during the Second World War, indicating that he retains aspects of his episodic memory from the distant past. He was educated at King Edward VI School, Aston
Clive_Wearing
Intellectual capacity of dogs
the gesture rather than the verbal command. Dogs have demonstrated episodic-like memory by recalling past events that included the complex actions of humans
Dog_intelligence
Type of vivid, enduring autobiographical memory
considered a form of autobiographical memory but involve the activation of episodic memory, where as everyday memories are a semantic form of recollections
Flashbulb_memory
and events. Declarative memory consists of semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory refers to acquired facts and general knowledge about
Semantic_amnesia
Bundle of nerve fibers in the brain
on object-in-scene learning, which is a type of recall memory, specifically episodic-like memory (integrating what and where, although not when). Fornix
Fornix_(neuroanatomy)
Ability to learn associations between unrelated objects
unrelated items, such as face-name pairs. Associative memory is a declarative memory structure and episodically based. Two important processes for learning associations
Associative memory (psychology)
Associative_memory_(psychology)
Process of acquiring new knowledge
parsed into sub-types. For instance, declarative memory comprises both episodic and semantic memory. Research in evolutionary biology has examined the
Learning
Cognitive disorder where memory is disturbed or lost
broken down into semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory being that of facts, episodic memory being that of memory related to events. While
Amnesia
Damage to the brain's memory capacity
and recognition in tests of episodic memory. According to a Japanese study, normal elderly subjects had difficulty with memory recognition and the PD elderly
Memory_disorder
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
associated with higher cognition. They are intelligent beings, capable of episodic memory, flexible facial expressions, self-awareness and a theory of mind.
Human
Type of confirmation bias
knowledge, better episodic memory is associated with higher recall, (2) Better episodic memory and inhibitory control and higher working memory abilities were
Hindsight_bias
British-Canadian neuroscientist and neuropsychologist (born 1918)
her lifelong interest in the involvement of the temporal lobes in episodic memory. She is sometimes referred to as one of the founders of neuropsychology
Brenda_Milner
Totality of psychological phenomena
beliefs, knowledge, and expectations. Memory is the mechanism of storing and retrieving information. Episodic memory handles information about specific past
Mind
Psychological concept
serial position effects in semantic and episodic memory using reconstruction of order tasks". Journal of Memory and Language. 42 (2): 147–167. doi:10.1006/jmla
Serial-position_effect
Subdiscipline of psychology
Phonology Memory Aging and memory Autobiographical memory Childhood memory Constructive memory Emotion and memory Episodic memory Eyewitness memory False
Cognitive_psychology
Study of the representation of one's identity
than episodic memory. Both episodic and semantic memory systems have been proposed to generate a sense of self-identity: personal episodic memory enables
Psychology_of_self
Types of accurate and detailed recall
autobiographical and episodic memory. There is an important characteristic of hyperthymesia: People with the syndrome have an unusual form of eidetic memory to remember
Exceptional_memory
20th-century rise in intelligence test scores
South Korea. Improvements have also been reported for semantic and episodic memory. There are numerous proposed explanations of the Flynn effect, such
Flynn_effect
Disruption of cognitive control processes
Research also suggests that executive set shifting is a co-mediator with episodic memory of feeling-of-knowing (FOK) accuracy, such that executive dysfunction
Executive_dysfunction
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
further subcategories; episodic memory, which is the memory of specific events and the information surrounding it, and semantic memory, which is the ability
Memory_erasure
One of the four lobes of the mammalian brain
long-term memory. Declarative (denotative) or explicit memory is conscious memory divided into semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events). The
Temporal_lobe
Form of memory that involves a planned future action or intention
prospective memory performance. As prospective memory involves remembering and fulfilling an intention, it requires episodic memory, declarative memory,[clarification
Prospective_memory
Model of human memory
long-term memory. To clarify, there are definite differences in the way information is stored depending on whether it is episodic (memories of events)
Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model
Atkinson–Shiffrin_memory_model
Musical ability
musical semantic memory as memory for pieces without memory for the temporal or spatial elements; and musical episodic memory as memory for pieces and the
Music-related_memory
Memory present at birth that exists in the absence of sensory experience
that such memories could be incorporated into the genome over long periods. While theories about the inheritance of specific episodic memories have been
Genetic_memory_(psychology)
Memory process-related theory
retrieval of episodic memories. It provides a framework for understanding how the conditions present while encoding information relate to memory and recall
Encoding specificity principle
Encoding_specificity_principle
Neuropsychological test
clinical psychology and the cognitive science of memory. It measures episodic verbal learning and memory, and demonstrates sensitivity to a range of clinical
California Verbal Learning Test
California_Verbal_Learning_Test
Unwelcome involuntary thought, image or idea
persistent. Intrusive thoughts may also be associated with episodic memory, unwanted worries or memories from OCD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other
Intrusive_thought
Behavior-based backcasting & forecasting factors
foresight) versus mentally travelling through time into the past (i.e., episodic memory). Foresight has been classified as a behaviour (covert and/or overt)
Foresight_(psychology)
Irish neuroscientist (1970–2025)
distributed set of brain regions supports human episodic (autobiographical) memory, defined as the memory for personal everyday events, and that this brain
Eleanor_Maguire
Argentine–American neuroscientist (born 1971)
artificial intelligence, and spans a wide range of topics, including episodic memory, visual perception, human single‑neuron physiology, psychophysics,
Gabriel_Kreiman
Memory disorder
previously known as psychogenic amnesia, a memory disorder, which was characterized by sudden retrograde episodic memory loss, said to occur for a period of
Dissociative_amnesia
Approach to the study of cognitive development
stay for many years. Long-term memory can be divided between semantic, episodic, and procedural memories. Semantic memory is made up of facts or information
Information_processing_theory
Memory triggered by an environmental cue
involuntary memory retrieval is mediated by the hippocampus, a structure of the brain known to be associated with successful episodic memory retrieval,
Involuntary_memory
Loss of semantic memory, primarily in the verbal domain
to types of memory affected.[citation needed] In general, Alzheimer's disease is referred to as a disorder affecting mainly episodic memory, defined as
Semantic_dementia
Study of how the mind stores meaning
while episodic memory is memory for the ephemeral details – the individual features, or the unique particulars of experience. The term 'episodic memory' was
Semantics_(psychology)
Creative ability
employs intricate conditional processes that engage both semantic and episodic memory to generate new or refined ideas. This part of the mind helps develop
Imagination
Theory that memory may be stored in the unconscious mind
McCullough AM, Yonelinas AP (June 2017). "The effects of acute stress on episodic memory: A meta-analysis and integrative review". Psychological Bulletin. 143
Repressed_memory
Scientific study of brain processes related to music
become activated in successful episodic recall. As it was activated in the familiar memory condition of episodic memory, this activation may be explained
Neuroscience_of_music
Critical factors contributing to the emotional enhancement effect on human memory
rate in the amygdala. The activity in the amygdala is part of the episodic memory that was being created due to the adverse stimuli. Most recently, an
Emotion_and_memory
Declarative memory is the memory for conscious events. There are two types of declarative memory: episodic and semantic. Episodic memory is for remembering
Sleep_and_memory
Lexical phenomenon
ofknowing in episodic memory. Cogn Neurodyn. 13:239–256.doi:10.1007/s11571-019-09520-5 Seelye AM, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Flores J. 2010. Episodic memory predictions
Tip_of_the_tongue
Health effect of alcohol consumption
both episodic memory (for specific events, such as a party) and semantic memory (for general information, such as one's name). Alcohol impairs episodic encoding
Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory
Cognitive neuropsychologist
completed his PhD ("Does a metacognitive deficit contribute to the episodic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease?") at Bristol University in 1999
Chris_Moulin
Type of explicit memory
explains many findings related to episodic memory, but fails to explain the finding that diminishing the top-down memory cues given to patients with bilateral
Recognition_memory
Neural structure
Odor in the hippocampus also contributes to the formation of episodic memory; the memories of events at a specific place or time. The time at which certain
Olfactory_bulb
English-American photographer (born 1967)
amnesia. In the film, Bruce alleges that suddenly one day, the entire episodic memory bank of his entire life went missing. According to Bruce, he first
Doug_Bruce
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