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Solemn promise to God that one will participate in a crusade
The crusade vow (also crusading vow or crusader vow) was a solemn promise to God made before a representative of the Catholic Church legally binding oneself
Crusade_vow
Crusade
of the outcome of the crusade that he had called), urged a new expedition. He especially urged those who had taken the crusade vow but had never departed
Crusade_of_1101
Religious wars of the High Middle Ages
make the vow. Within two months Pope Innocent issued a new crusading bull and tasked Cardinal Odo of Châteauroux with preaching the crusade in France
Crusades
1228–1229 attempted conquest of the Holy Land
Crusade of 1197 impacted the son's objectives for the Fifth Crusade. The emperor again took the vow when he was re-crowned in Rome by the pope on 22 November
Sixth_Crusade
King of France from 1223 to 1226
As prince and fulfilling the crusading vow of his father, Philip II, Louis led forces during the Albigensian Crusade in support of Simon de Montfort
Louis_VIII_of_France
Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)
was fulfilling the crusading vow of the late Count Theobald III of Champagne and possessed ample funds. As a result, eighty crusaders under Renard decided
Fourth_Crusade
thirteenth-century papacy allowed redemption of crusade vows, which meant that men could substitute for going on crusade with an equivalent action or more usually
Criticism_of_crusading
Count of Blois from 1089 to 1102
First Crusade, was at the surrender of the city of Nicaea, and directed the siege of Antioch. Returning home without fulfilling his crusader vows, Stephen
Stephen,_Count_of_Blois
Framework of Christian holy war
garments. Failure to fulfil vows could result in excommunication. Periodic waves of zeal produced unsanctioned "popular crusades". The papal-sanctioned wars
Crusading_movement
Crusades against Muslim control of Iberia
ruler, in 1100, to fulfil his crusading vow within the peninsula, and his example was soon followed by others. Leading crusading armies, Alfonso I of Aragon
Iberian_Crusades
1217–1221 attempted conquest of the Holy Land
Crusade was King Andrew II of Hungary. Andrew II had been called on by the pope in July 1216 to fulfill his father Béla III's vow to lead a crusade,
Fifth_Crusade
Popular crusading movement in northern France
to preach. Others took a true crusade vow and may have actually gone on crusade. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Crusade of the Pastoureaux" . Catholic
Shepherds'_Crusade_(1251)
1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land
from the First Crusade in that there was no pilgrimage, no vow, and no formal authorisation by the church. Shortly before the First Crusade, Urban II had
First_Crusade
1147–1149 Christian holy war
debatable whether Louis was planning a crusade of his own or in fact a pilgrimage, as he wanted to fulfill a vow made by his dead brother Philip to go
Second_Crusade
14th-century military expedition
garments as a sign of their vow. This was the beginning of the Savoyard crusade, although John II would never fulfill his vow personally and Peter I did
Savoyard_crusade
Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190
Frederick decided to join the Second Crusade after his uncle, Conrad III of Germany, had taken the crusader vow in public on 28 December 1146. Frederick's
Frederick_Barbarossa
Religious crusade in Egypt from 1248 to 1254
The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two crusades led by Louis IX of France. Also known as the Crusade of Louis IX to the Holy Land, it
Seventh_Crusade
wake of the Fourth Crusade, the papacy extended consistent support to the Latin Empire of Constantinople—established by Western crusaders on former Byzantine
Crusading for the Latin Empire
Crusading_for_the_Latin_Empire
Constantinople. Late. Innocent III authorizes those who took a crusading vow but could not go may crusade in the Baltic instead. 1205 Early. Theodore I Laskaris
Chronology of the Crusades, 1187–1291
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1187–1291
Crusade of 1239-1241
mendicant friars to promote the crusade in every corner of Christendom. Rachel suum videns reinforced the usage of a vow of redemption policy initiated
Barons'_Crusade
Papally sanctioned war against the rebellious peasants of Stedingen
died (as before) but to all who had taken the cross (i.e., a formal crusade vow) and fought. This change in policy was probably both a response to the
Stedinger_Crusade
Christian states in the Levant, 1098–1291
The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities established in the Levant region and southeastern Anatolia from 1098 to 1291. Following the
Crusader_states
12th–13th-century Baltic Christianisation campaign
The Livonian crusade consisted of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned
Livonian_Crusade
1396 battle during the Ottoman wars in Europe
took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied Crusader army, assisted by the Venetian navy, at the hands of an Ottoman force,
Battle_of_Nicopolis
French noble (c. 1041–1105)
with his crusading vow to serve God. However, according to Riley-Smith, "[d]espite his attitudes toward the oath-taking, after the crusade, Raymond returned
Raymond_IV_of_Toulouse
Part of the first great Mongol invasion of Europe
13-year-old Conrad IV held an assembly at Esslingen, where he took the vow of a crusader. His vow committed him only until 11 November 1241, although Béla IV warned
Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire
Mongol_incursions_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire
Head of the Catholic Church from 1198 to 1216
clerical tax in his kingdom. The Crusaders also contributed funds: Innocent declared that those who took the crusader's vow but could no longer fulfill it
Pope_Innocent_III
Attack by the Kingdom of Jerusalem on Damascus
The Crusade of 1129 or the Damascus Crusade was a military campaign of the Kingdom of Jerusalem with forces from the other Crusader states and from western
Crusade_of_1129
Music genre
A Crusade song (Occitan: canso de crozada, Catalan: cançó de croada, German: Kreuzlied) is any vernacular lyric poem about the Crusades. Crusade songs
Crusade_song
Forgiveness of sin in return for support for Christian Holy War
In the history of the Catholic Church, a crusade indulgence was any indulgence—remission from the penalties imposed by penance—granted to a person who
Crusade_indulgence
Duke of Normandy from 1087 to 1106
the tent of the Egyptian commander, Al-Afdal. The fulfilment of his crusader vows was a personal triumph for Robert: he had shown military skills as well
Robert_Curthose
11/12th-century prince of Taranto and Antioch; military leader in the First Crusade
with Baldwin of Edessa to Jerusalem at Christmas 1099 to fulfill his crusade vows. While there he took part in the installation of Dagobert of Pisa as
Bohemond_I_of_Antioch
Period of Byzantine history from 1185 to 1204
England died and did not fulfill his crusader vow. However, his son and successor Richard I of England took the vow and along with his rival, Philip II
Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty
Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Angelos_dynasty
Papal bull authorizing a crusade
defining mark of a true crusade. Canon lawyers did not regard vows taken for unauthorized expeditions (the popular crusades) as binding. In 1118, Gelasius
Crusade_bull
Military expedition by lower classes
upgrade the planned expedition into a full crusade to legitimise their actions and permit them to fulfill their vows. Instead, on 25 July, Clement granted
Crusade_of_the_Poor
Junior King of England from 1170 to 1183
he had taken a crusader's vow, he gave his cloak to Marshal with the plea that he should take the cloak (presumably with the crusader's cross stitched
Henry_the_Young_King
French prince (1279–1341)
prestigious office of Grand Chamberlain of France. Louis took a formal crusading vow in 1316, becoming a crucesignatus ("one signed with the cross"), and
Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bourbon
French knight
close friend of the historian Geoffrey of Villehardouin. John made his crusade vow in 1218 and arrived in the Peloponnese in 1220. There he established
John_of_Nully
1969 novel by Kurt Vonnegut
Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death is a 1969 semi-autobiographic science fiction–infused anti-war novel by Kurt
Slaughterhouse-Five
Catholic order of knighthood
the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was consecrated after reconstruction. Crusade vows meant that even if a person wasn't able to make the journey to Holy Sepulchre
Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Catholic)
Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_(Catholic)
13th-century catholic bishop in Sweden
extraordinary six-year crusading tithe as laid down by the Second Council of Lyon. Henrik offered instead to take a crusade vow and visit the Holy Land
Henrik_(bishop_of_Linköping)
Latin Emperor from 1204 to 1205
pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly, and the most popular leader in the host. With Venetian support
Baldwin_I,_Latin_Emperor
Role of the Armenians in the Crusades
precedent for the crusading vow. Urban set 15 August 1096 as the official date of departure, but from March that year several crusading groups—some numbering
Armenians in the Crusading movement
Armenians_in_the_Crusading_movement
of the crusaders to commute their vows to service with the kings of Spain. In a document of December 1220, Honorius confirms what the crusaders had reported
Siege_of_Cáceres_(1218)
12th-century pilgrim and crusader
later writings of Thomas, Margaret had taken the cross (i.e. took a crusading vow): "she took the cross, to follow Christ as a Christian". The motivations
Margaret_of_Beverley
Crusader state in the Levant from 1099 to 1291
also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was one of the Crusader states established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade. It lasted for almost
Kingdom_of_Jerusalem
Crusading warfare, characterised by distinctive systems of recruitment, logistics, and strategy, formed a central element of the crusading movement from
Crusading_warfare
German noble
nunnery at Nogent-le-Rotrou at Geoffrey's request in commutation of his crusading vows. She managed the estates in the name of her son Thomas and showed considerable
Matilda of Saxony (1172-1209/10)
Matilda_of_Saxony_(1172-1209/10)
1204 Late. Innocent III authorizes those who took a crusading vow but could not go may crusade in the Baltic instead. 1207 2 February. Terra Mariana
Chronology of the Northern Crusades
Chronology_of_the_Northern_Crusades
Latter period of the Crusades
popular crusades, crusades against Christians, political crusades, the latter parts of the Reconquista, and the Northern Crusades. Crusades were to continue
Crusades after the fall of Acre, 1291–1399
Crusades_after_the_fall_of_Acre,_1291–1399
German noble (1176–1198)
there sufficient evidence that at that time, contrary to his crusade vow, he left the crusade army. It is certain that in 1190, before the news of the death
Walram_I_of_Nassau
Method of publicizing a crusade
listeners who would support the crusade financially rather than by taking vows themselves. As typical for sermons in general, crusade sermons were heavy on theology
Crusade_preaching
Role of the Jews in the Crusades
of the Jews and the Crusades is part of the history of antisemitism toward Jews in the Middle Ages. The call for the First Crusade intensified the persecutions
Jews_and_the_Crusades
Queen of France from 1234 to 1270
back to France from the Crusade, Margaret begged Joinville to do something to help; he told her to pray for deliverance and to vow that when they reached
Margaret_of_Provence
12th-century crusade
The Venetian Crusade of 1122–1124 was an expedition to the Holy Land launched by the Republic of Venice that succeeded in capturing Tyre. It was an important
Venetian_Crusade
11th-century German nobleman
up to join the other Crusader armies, and Emicho went back home to his family, where he was scorned for not fulfilling his vow to capture Jerusalem.
Emicho_(crusader)
Bavarian nobleman (1173–1231)
Frederick took crusader vows. He founded the city of Straubing in 1218. The Emperor had given Louis 2000 marks of silver for his crusade. In May 1221,
Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria
Japanese manga series by Daisuke Moriyama
Chrono Crusade (Japanese: クロノクルセイド, Hepburn: Kurono Kuruseido), originally known in Japan (due to a typo) as Chrno Crusade, is a Japanese manga series
Chrono_Crusade
One of a variety of Christian societies of knights
Knights. They arose in the Middle Ages in association with the Crusades – the Crusader states (mainly the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Holy Land), the
Military order (religious society)
Military_order_(religious_society)
History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1272–1302
last European Crusade to the Holy Land in 1272 until the final loss in 1302. The kingdom was the center of Outremer—the four Crusader states—which formed
Fall_of_Outremer
the Crusades from the beginning of the First Crusade in 1095 to the fall of Jerusalem in 1187. This is keyed towards the major events of the Crusades to
Chronology of the Crusades, 1095–1187
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1095–1187
American author and pastor (born 1952)
as of July 2026 had continued to lead his congregation and serve as a crusade leader, in the role of senior pastor of Harvest Christian Fellowship, Riverside
Greg_Laurie
Truce ending the Sixth Crusade
made his vow to go on a crusade. In 1215 and again in 1220, at his royal and imperial coronations, respectively, he made the crusader's vow. In April
Treaty_of_Jaffa_(1229)
Italian composer
general, but with the siphoning off of monies paid for the commuting of crusader vows to fund Angevin ambitions in Italy when they should have been going
Ricaut_Bonomel
inconclusively in 1232. A large bloc of Frisians vowed to join the Seventh Crusade in 1247 and 1248, but their vows were commuted by Pope Innocent IV in order
Frisian involvement in the Crusades
Frisian_involvement_in_the_Crusades
Muslim victory of the Second Crusade
and 28 July 1148 O.S. during the Second Crusade. Two Crusader armies from Europe and the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem attempted to lay siege
Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)
Count of Perche
battle, Rotrou was one of the front line commanders. He fulfilled his crusading vow and made it all the way to Jerusalem. The Chanson also mentions his
Rotrou_III_of_Perche
Medieval castle in England
(1119–1148) spent little time at Sandal, having taken crusading vows and joined the Second Crusade. He had one daughter, Isabel de Warenne (1137–1199),
Sandal_Castle
Catholic military order (1204–1237)
Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae), was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword
last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land. The Seljuk–Crusader war began when the First Crusade wrested territory from the Seljuk Turks during the Siege
Military history of the Crusader states
Military_history_of_the_Crusader_states
Anglo-Norman nobleman
VII of France, took crusading vows at the Council of Vézelay in 1146, and he accompanied the initial army of the Second Crusade the next year. William
William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
William_de_Warenne,_3rd_Earl_of_Surrey
Prejudice against Indian people
Olifant, Nathi; Mthethwa, Bongani (25 October 2015). "Anti-Indian crusader vows to defy court ban on inciting racial hatred". Sunday Times. Archived
Anti-Indian_sentiment
the crusader vow Guigues received relief from interest payments on his large debts and extensions on repayment of principal. When the Barons' Crusade finally
Guigues_IV_of_Forez
contribution made to it by soldiers who had taken crusade vows. Since the pope had declared a crusade against Conrad IV, the leading churchmen of Germany
Battle_of_Frankfurt_(1246)
King of Hungary and Croatia from 1205 to 1235
his deathbed, Béla, who had pledged to lead a crusade to the Holy Land, ordered Andrew to fulfill his vow. Andrew's father died on 23 April 1196, and Andrew's
Andrew_II_of_Hungary
Anglo-Norman nobleman (1170-1232)
England on 23 May 1217. In 1218, de Blondeville decided to honour the crusading vow he had made three years previously, and he journeyed eastwards. He met
Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester
Ranulf_de_Blondeville,_6th_Earl_of_Chester
Role of the Byzantine Empire in the Crusades
The Byzantine Empire participated in the crusading movement from its inception in the late 11th century, serving as initiator, ally, or adversary. The
Byzantium in the Crusading movement
Byzantium_in_the_Crusading_movement
Christian conquest of the First Crusade
The siege of Jerusalem marked the successful end of the First Crusade, whose objective was the recovery of the city of Jerusalem and the Church of the
Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)
Part of the Fifth Crusade and the Reconquista (1217)
employ crusaders in a planned Portuguese offensive against the Almohads, but the pope refused. Fighting in Portugal would be contrary to crusaders' vows. Despite
Siege_of_Alcácer_do_Sal
French noble (1057–1101)
his vow as a Crusader to complete a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and Pope Paschal II threatened to excommunicate him. He joined the subsequent Crusade of 1101
Hugh,_Count_of_Vermandois
Bosnian king
in February 1458 forced Thomas to sign a truce, despite his earlier crusading vows, but Mehmed no longer insisted on the cession of the four towns; he
Thomas_of_Bosnia
Crusade in late 1269
only to relent in the face of adverse weather. He certainly made a vow to go on crusade in late 1266. He was at the time excommunicated for adultery. On
Crusade of the Infants of Aragon
Crusade_of_the_Infants_of_Aragon
preparing for the Fourth Crusade. He was with Boniface at Soissons in the summer, where the marquis formally made his crusading vow before the assembling
Peter_of_Lucedio
Between the Second and Third crusades
the end of the Second Crusade in 1149 and the beginning of the Third Crusade in 1189 saw the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Crusader states be reduced from
Between the Crusades, 1149–1189
Between_the_Crusades,_1149–1189
German prelate, crusader and monk
bishop and joined the Fourth Crusade. He was with the army at the sack of Constantinople. Afterwards he fulfilled his vow to go to the Holy Land and exercised
Conrad_of_Krosigk
Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman (1146/7–1219)
William fulfilled a promise he said he made in his youth while on crusade by taking vows as a Knight Templar, and was buried in the Temple Church in London
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke
Byzantine emperor from 1081 to 1118
help against the Seljuk Turks were the catalyst that sparked the First Crusade. Although he was not the first emperor of the Komnenian dynasty, it was
Alexios_I_Komnenos
Hermit, were returning by ship from the First Crusade when they encountered a fierce storm. They vowed to build a church if they were saved, and the storm
Neufmoustier_Abbey
Military offensive in 1099
Francorum, he also vowed to convert to Christianity if the Crusaders defeated the Fatimids. Continuing south along the coast, the Crusaders passed Beirut on
March from Antioch to Jerusalem during the First Crusade
March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade
Olifant, Nathi; Mthethwa, Bongani (25 October 2015). "Anti-Indian crusader vows to defy court ban on inciting racial hatred". Sunday Times. Archived
Racism_in_South_Africa
1254, William was in Rome seeking the commutation of King Henry III's crusader vow. On 1 August 1263, Pope Urban IV instructed the Latin patriarch of Antioch
William_Freney
Popular crusading movement in Normandy
The Shepherds' Crusade of 1320 or the Pastoureaux or Pastorelli of 1320 was a popular crusade in Normandy in June 1320. It originally began when a large
Shepherds'_Crusade_(1320)
12th-century writing about the conquests of Saladin
to Europe; the crusader vows of the Emperor Frederick I, King Philip II and King Henry II of England; the death of Frederick I on crusade; the release of
Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum
Libellus_de_expugnatione_Terrae_Sanctae_per_Saladinum
Head of the Catholic Church from 1216 to 1227
to fulfill his father's vow to lead a crusade. (Béla III willed property and money to Andrew, obliging him to lead a crusade to the Holy Land.) Like many
Pope_Honorius_III
narrative. The first contracts are the crusading vows and the pledges made by surrogates to go in place of those crusaders who died before setting out. The
Devastatio Constantinopolitana
Devastatio_Constantinopolitana
the period after the First Crusade from 1099–1146, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established and, with the other Crusader states, grew to be a major force
After the First Crusade, 1099–1146
After_the_First_Crusade,_1099–1146
peace he made a vow to go on Crusade. He redeemed his vow with the payment of a rather small sum of money towards Louis IX's Crusade in 1248. Hugh IV
Hugh_IV_of_Rodez
Japanese media franchise
Japan. A PlayStation 3 game titled Z/X Zillions of enemy X: Zekkai no Crusade, developed by Nippon Ichi Software and produced by Broccoli was released
Z/X
1312 poem by Jacques de Longuyon
to garner oaths to go on crusade. As Boyce argues, Voeux participates in this cycle which was derived from medieval vowing practices, knightly literature
Vows_of_the_Peacock
1099 final battle of the First Crusade
action of the First Crusade, the Crusader army led by Godfrey of Bouillon defeated and drove off a Fatimid army of Egypt. The Crusaders completed their primary
Battle_of_Ascalon
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