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Growth form of lichen as a continuously adherent crust
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate
Crustose_lichen
Gross morphological classification
Traditionally, crustose, foliose and fruticose are considered to be the three main forms. An areolate lichen is the most common form of crustose lichen. As with
Lichen_growth_forms
Biological layer adhering closely to a substrate
Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. Crustose
Crustose
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
thick coat of paint (crustose), have a powder-like appearance (leprose), or feature other growth forms. A macrolichen is a lichen that is either bush-like
Lichen
lichen Also placoid, placodiomorph. A crustose lichen with an areolate center and radiating lobes on the circumference. plasticolous lichen A lichen that
Glossary_of_lichen_terms
Species of lichen
Japewiella dollypartoniana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is widely distributed in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern
Japewiella_dollypartoniana
Form of lichen
fruticose lichen is the shape of the thallus. Like crustose lichen, fruticose lichen is composed of a holdfast which will act as an anchor for the lichen to
Fruticose_lichen
thalli have the aspect of leaves (foliose lichens); others cover the substrate like a crust (crustose lichens) (illustration, right), others such as the
Lichen_morphology
Lichen that grows inside a rock
An endolithic lichen is a crustose lichen that grows inside solid rock, growing between the grains, with only the fruiting bodies exposed to the air.
Endolithic_lichen
Species of lichen-forming fungus
saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1767 as Lichen corallinus, it was long known
Lepra_corallina
Single-species genus of lichen
Golubkovia trachyphylla, a rock-dwelling lichen that is found in Asia and North America. This crustose lichen has a yellow-orange thallus that is placodioid
Golubkovia
Composite organism
acidophiles (acid loving lichens), wolf lichens, crustose lichens on rock, crustose lichens on bark and wood, biotic soil crusts, aquatic lichens, other green algal
Lichens_of_the_Sierra_Nevada
Study of lichen taxonomy and evolution
this means many traditional lichen groups defined by convenient field characters (such as all "crustose" lichens or all lichens with a certain type of fruiting
Lichen_systematics
Recurring assemblage of lichen species and its classification in vegetation science
These might include a crustose-lichen society on bark plateaux, a different epiphytic society in bark fissures, and a fruticose lichen layer overlying a foliose
Lichen_community
Species of crustose lichen
Pertusaria flavida is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. First described in 1815, it is characterized
Pertusaria_flavida
Species of lichen
of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Pyrenula leucostoma is a crustose lichen that has a grey-brown and brown to
Pyrenula_leucostoma
Species of lichen
(rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae, and the type species of the genus Kuettlingeria. It is a widely distributed lichen, having been
Kuettlingeria_teicholyta
Lichen composed of small, often overlapping "scales"
clustered. They are like an intermediate between crustose and foliose lichens. Examples of squamulose lichens include Vahliella leucophaea, Cladonia subcervicornis
Squamulose_lichen
Species of lichen-forming fungus
(rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is also a lichenicolous lichen species, meaning that it grows on other lichens. Many host
Erichansenia_epithallina
Lichen that grows on bark
and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock. Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen Graphis plumierae, foliose lichen Melanohalea subolivacea
Corticolous_lichen
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Chrysothrix chlorina, the sulphur dust lichen, is a species of leprose (powdery) crustose lichen in the family Chrysotrichaceae. Originally described
Chrysothrix_chlorina
Species of lichen
corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is a widely distributed species. The lichen was first scientifically described
Glaucomaria_carpinea
Lichen-derived depsidone
from the foliose lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, and as a natural product was later reported from an undescribed species of the crustose lichen genus Thelotrema
Hypostictic_acid
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Athallia pyracea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It forms a very thin, often inconspicuous greyish crust on bark, with
Athallia_pyracea
Species description for a lichen
Phlyctis argena is a species of crustose lichen. Phlyctis argena has a thin crustose thallus that is white, greyish or green-grey in colour. The identification
Phlyctis_argena
Species of crustose lichen
Lecanora achroa is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It was originally described in 1876 by Finnish botanist William Nylander from
Lecanora_achroa
Genus of lichens
Lecidea is a genus of crustose lichens with a carbon-black ring or outer margin (exciple) around the fruiting body disc (apothecium), usually (or always)
Lecidea
Symbiosis of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria
had been described and widely accepted. Lichen growth forms – These vary depending on the species: Crustose – paint-like appearance that adheres tightly
Outline_of_lichens
Species of lichen
Anomomorpha tuberculata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in rare cerrado vegetation in southern
Anomomorpha_tuberculata
Species of lichen
corticolous (bark-dwelling) and crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in continental southeast Asia. The lichen was first formally described
Marcelaria_benguelensis
Species of crustose lichen
Lecanora subcarnea is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae, first described in 1792 as Lichen subcarneus by Swedish botanist Samuel
Lecanora_subcarnea
Species of lichen
Staurothele drummondii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is widespread in northern North America
Staurothele_drummondii
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Placopsis gelida is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Trapeliaceae. It forms circular patches on rock surfaces, with
Placopsis_gelida
Species of lichen-forming fungus
species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It was described from Spain in 2011 and is a lichenicolous species that grows on other lichens, especially
Straminella_printzenii
Species of lichen
(rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The species was first formally described by Franz Xaver von Wulfen in 1787, as Lichen flavovirescens
Gyalolechia_flavovirescens
Study of the distribution of lichens
Lichen biogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies where lichens occur and how their distributions have changed through time. Lichens are
Lichen_biogeography
Species of lichen
Variospora thallincola is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was formally described as a new species
Variospora_thallincola
Term used in botany
lichens and crustose lichens, which have a flattened cross section with an upper surface that is distinct from the lower surface. Plants and lichens may also
Terete
Species of lichen
Lecanora argopholis is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It was originally named Parmelia atra var. argopholis by Erik Acharius
Lecanora_argopholis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Lendemeriella exsecuta is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. First described in 1880, it has a grey
Lendemeriella_exsecuta
Species of fungus
Knudsen. The fungus grows on the lichen Thelomma santessonii, a common saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that is endemic to the coast and islands
Endococcus_thelommatis
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Lepra melanochlora is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. The thallus of Lepra melanochlora is rather
Lepra_melanochlora
Species of lichen
Tomnashia luteominia, the red firedot lichen, is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is widely
Tomnashia_luteominia
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Coniarthonia wilmsiana is a species of crustose lichen-forming fungus in the family Arthoniaceae. It is a bark-dwelling lichen with a thin, whitish crust and
Coniarthonia_wilmsiana
Species of lichen
Lecanora subimmergens is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is widely distributed, occurring in Asia
Lecanora_subimmergens
Parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen
Dictyochloropsis symbiontica to form its own crustose thallus. Similarly, Athelia arachnoidea is necrotrophic on various lichen taxa, free-living algae, and bryophytes
Lichenicolous_fungus
Species of fungus
americana is a dark brown to black verruculose to areolate or squamulose crustose lichen with deeply immersed reddish to blackish-brown apothecia found in the
Acarospora_americana
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Cliostomum falklandicum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. Found on the Falkland Islands, it was described
Cliostomum_falklandicum
Single-species genus of lichen
family Pertusariaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single crustose lichen species Loxosporopsis corallifera, found in northwestern North America
Loxosporopsis
Species of lichen
Kuettlingeria erythrocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first scientifically described
Kuettlingeria_erythrocarpa
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Porpidia macrocarpa is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It was formally described as a new species
Porpidia_macrocarpa
Species of lichen
a species of saxicolous and muscicolous (rock- and moss-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It has a bipolar distribution, meaning
Austroplaca_soropelta
Species of lichen
Rhizocarpon lecanorinum is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It was described as a new species in
Rhizocarpon_lecanorinum
Species of lichen
sequoiae is a crustose lichen that has only been found growing on old-growth redwood trees in California. It is a species of pin lichen (genus Calicium)
Calicium_sequoiae
Species of lichen
(bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ochrolechiaceae. First described in 1991 by the Canadian lichenologist Irwin M. Brodo, this lichen is characterised
Ochrolechia_gowardii
Species of lichen
Ramboldia blochiana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramboldiaceae. The species is characterized by a sorediate
Ramboldia_blochiana
Species of lichen
cinereum is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described
Herpothallon_cinereum
Single-species lichen genus
single species Nimisora iberica, a crustose lichen. The genus was established in 2023 to formally recognise a common lichen found on tree twigs in central
Nimisora
Species of lichen-forming fungus
species of crustose lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. It grows mainly on siliceous rock and is a widely distributed species. The lichen was originally
Helocarpon_erraticum
Species of lichen
atroflava is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. The lichen was first formally described in 1808 by the English
Kuettlingeria_atroflava
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Glaucomaria rupicola, the white rim lichen, is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It forms thick, whitish-grey patches on hard,
Glaucomaria_rupicola
Species of lichen
corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is found in northern and southern Brazil. The lichen was formally described as
Diorygma_incantatum
Species of lichen
Lecanora inaurata is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in the United States, it was described as new to science in 2016 by
Lecanora_inaurata
Genus of lichen
Fluctua is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single crustose lichen species Fluctua megapotamica. The genus was
Fluctua
Species of lichen
corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It occurs in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The lichen was formally described in
Astrothelium_longisporum
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains 22 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens found primarily
Stirtonia_(lichen)
Species of fungus
(lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Opegraphaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, where it grows on the thalli and apothecia of the crustose lichen
Opegrapha_verseghyklarae
Species of lichen
crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in southwest Greenland, where it grows on loess (a type of soil) among mosses. The lichen was
Xanthocarpia_erichansenii
Single-species lichen genus
containing the single species Mawsonia harrissonii, a rare saxicolous, crustose lichen found in Antarctica. Both the genus and species were described by the
Mawsonia_(fungus)
Single-species lichen genus
species Sanguinotrema wightii, a mostly corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen. This species has a pantropical distribution. Genus Sanguinotrema was
Sanguinotrema
Species of fungus
Caloplaca nashii is an orange crustose lichen found on calcareous rocks in northern Mexico, southern California, and Baja California. It is the most common
Caloplaca_nashii
Species of lichen
Verrucoplaca verruculifera, a widely distributed saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen that grows on coastal rocks. The genus Verrucoplaca was circumscribed
Verrucoplaca
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Varicellaria lactea is a crustose lichen in the family Varicellariaceae. It forms a relatively thick, white to grey‑white, matt crust that breaks into
Varicellaria_lactea
Species of lichen
Wetmoreana brouardii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It was first formally described as a new
Wetmoreana_brouardii
Species of lichen
Pertusaria texana, the Texas wart lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pertusariaceae. It is found in Mexico
Pertusaria_texana
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Astrothelium aeneoides is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Trypetheliaceae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Puerto
Astrothelium_aeneoides
Species of lichen
Calicium chlorosporum is a crustose lichen that is found growing on trees throughout much of the world. The lichen has a lichenized life habit. Its thallus
Calicium_chlorosporum
Species of crustose lichen
Lecanora cenisia is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae, first described by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1810 and named
Lecanora_cenisia
Species of lichen
Pyrenula nitida is a species of crustose lichen belonging to the family Pyrenulaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution. List of Pyrenula species "Pyrenula
Pyrenula_nitida
Species of lichen
Phlyctis communis is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Phlyctidaceae. Found in the Maharashtra state of India, it
Phlyctis_communis
Species of lichen
common and widely distributed species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. Although it is a somewhat morphologically
Verrucaria_viridula
Chemical test for identifying lichens
analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical reagent on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change
Spot_test_(lichen)
Species of lichen
Pyrenula microcarpa is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. Pyrenula
Pyrenula_microcarpa
American uninhabited island in Alaska
rubble fields and high ridges the vegetation was mainly crustose lichens. Among the 148 lichen species of the islands, 125 showed the Arctic–alpine geographic
St._Matthew_Island
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Lecidea tessellata (tile lichen) is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Lecideaceae. It was formally described as a
Lecidea_tessellata
Species of lichen
hypoleptum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. The lichen was first formally described as a species new to
Platythecium_hypoleptum
Species of lichen
(bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Porinaceae. It is found in Papua New Guinea, north-eastern Australia and New Caledonia. The lichen was formally
Myeloconis_erumpens
Species of lichen
Lecanora caesiorubella is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. List of Lecanora species NatureServe. "Lecanora caesiorubella". NatureServe
Lecanora_caesiorubella
Single-species lichen genus
Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen Solitaria chrysophthalma. The species was first formally described
Solitaria_(lichen)
Topics referred to by the same term
structure bearing spines on cacti Areola (lichen), a round to polygonal part of a surface of a crustose lichen Areola (entomology), a small ring of color
Areola_(disambiguation)
Species of lichen
Caloplaca kedrovopadensis is a little-known species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is only found in the Kedrovaya Pad Nature Reserve
Caloplaca_kedrovopadensis
Species of lichen
Auriculariales. The fungus is lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling), and it parasitises the apothecia and thallus of the crustose lichen Glaucomaria carpinea. Heteroacanthella
Heteroacanthella_ellipsospora
Genus of fungi
Icmadophila is a genus of crustose lichen. The genus has a widespread distribution in the Northern Hemisphere and contains six species. The only species
Icmadophila
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Arthothelium spectabile is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. Arthothelium spectabile was described as
Arthothelium_spectabile
Species of lichen
Flavoplaca mereschkowskiana is a species of crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. This small orange-brown lichen grows on limestone and other calcium-rich
Flavoplaca_mereschkowskiana
Species of lichen
(Protoparmeliopsis muralis), the stonewall rim lichen, is a waxy-looking, pale yellowish-green crustose lichen that usually grows in rosettes radiating from
Lecanora_muralis
Species of lichen
Teloschistaceae. It contains Iqbalia kashmirensis, a saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen found in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Iqbalia was circumscribed in 2022
Iqbalia
Species of lichen
saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Found in the Altai Mountains in Russia, the lichen was described as new to science
Lecanora_solaris
Species of lichen
Pyrenula cruenta is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. It has a pantropical distribution. The species
Pyrenula_cruenta
Species of lichen
Lecanora xanthoplumosella is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. Known from Australia, it was described as new to science in 2011
Lecanora_xanthoplumosella
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