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Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen. These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms
Lichen_morphology
Gross morphological classification
Australian lichens. Australian National Botanic Gardens and Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 24 October 2022. "Lichen Morphology". British Lichen Society
Lichen_growth_forms
Study of lichen taxonomy and evolution
Lichen systematics is the study of how lichens are classified and related to each other, combining the naming of lichen taxa, the reconstruction of their
Lichen_systematics
Human chronic inflammatory disease
Lichen planus lesions are so called because of their "lichen-like" appearance and can be classified by the site they involve, or by their morphology.
Lichen_planus
Study of the structure of plants
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant
Plant_morphology
"Phyco-Lichenes" for lichens morphologically resembling seaweeds. Later redefined by Massalongo (1855) for homoiomerous cyanobacterial lichens, then by
Glossary_of_lichen_terms
Species of lichen-forming fungus
widespread lichen-forming fungus in the family Teloschistaceae. Commonly known as the yellow wall lichen, common orange lichen, or maritime sunburst lichen, this
Xanthoria_parietina
Itchy skin rash usually affecting the genitals
Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of disputed cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong predilection
Lichen_sclerosus
Form of scleroderma involving isolated patches of hardened skin
antinuclear antibodies. Morphea–lichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap is characterized by both lesions of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, most
Morphea
Symbiosis of fungi with algae
(/ˈlɪtʃən/) are used. Lichens grow in a wide range of shapes and forms; this external appearance is known as their morphology. The shape of a lichen is usually determined
Lichen
Study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species
fungi Bacterial cell structure cellular morphologies morphological plasticity Colonial morphology Lichen morphology Protists Structures Plants Plant anatomy
Comparative_anatomy
Genus of lichens
modern approaches using chemical, morphological, and molecular analyses have helped clarify relationships. Usnea lichens have been used traditionally for
Usnea
Symbiosis of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria
partner to extract nutrients from its photosynthetic partner(s). Lichen morphology – a lichen's external appearance and structures are very different than those
Outline_of_lichens
determining the morphology of the lichen. Further, the same algal species can occur in association with different fungal partners. Lichens are known in which
Symbiosis_in_lichens
Lichen composed of small, often overlapping "scales"
(2011). Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Slough, England: Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 9780855463151. "Morphology of Lichens"
Squamulose_lichen
of plant morphology Glossary of leaf morphology Glossary of lichen terms Glossary of mycology Glossary of scientific naming Plant morphology New Oxford
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen or fishnet, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green fruticose lichen. It grows up to a meter long, hanging from
Ramalina_menziesii
Loosely organized fungal–photobiont symbioses
investigated the developmental morphology of polar maritime species and concluded that simple organizational levels did not preclude lichen status. Shortly afterwards
Borderline_lichen
Study of the form or morphology of fishes
Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of
Fish_anatomy
Genus of lichens
is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. Common names include orange lichen, orange wall lichen, and sunburst lichen. They can be
Xanthoria
Calcium salt of oxalic acid
form both on the surface of the lichen as a powdery coating called pruina and within the internal structures of the lichen thallus. The type and distribution
Calcium_oxalate
Human skin disorder
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) is thick leathery skin with exaggerated skin markings caused by sudden itching and excessive rubbing and scratching. It
Lichen_simplex_chronicus
The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina'
Glossary_of_leaf_morphology
Mole or birthmark; visible, circumscribed, chronic skin lesion
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Nevus
Skin infection caused by fungus
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Athlete's_foot
Species of lichen-forming fungus
known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-coloured fruticose, cup lichen species in the family
Cladonia_rangiferina
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
is a genus of small dark brown to olive or dark grey squamulose lichens. These lichens typically grow on rocks in arid and semi-arid environments worldwide
Peltula
temperate bovid horns". Écoscience. 6 (2): 155. Lundrigan, Barbara (1996). "Morphology of Horns and Fighting Behavior in the Family Bovidae". Journal of Mammalogy
Bovine_anatomy
Spore-bearing tissue layer in fungi
Büdel, B.; Scheidegger, C. (2008). "4.Thallus morphology and anatomy". In Nash III, Thomas H. (ed.). Lichen Biology (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
Hymenium
Terminology in lichen morphology
lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen,
Pseudocyphella
Species of lichen-forming fungus
known as the salted shield lichen or crottle, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Several morphologically similar species, formerly
Parmelia_saxatilis
Species of lichen
variable morphology, this species has been referred to in the earlier literature under various names. In 1778, Georg Heinrich Weber called it Lichen erosus
Umbilicaria_torrefacta
Growth form of lichen as a continuously adherent crust
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate
Crustose_lichen
Medical condition
infection, but only nail deformity. To avoid misdiagnosis as nail psoriasis, lichen planus, contact dermatitis, nail bed tumors such as melanoma, trauma, or
Onychomycosis
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness. It is a foliaceous lichen, resembling a leaf in shape. The ends of the
Parmelia_(fungus)
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Parmelia sulcata, commonly known as the hammered shield lichen or cracked-shield lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described by Thomas
Parmelia_sulcata
Form of lichen
A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship
Fruticose_lichen
Species of lichen
Despite its species epithet, the lichen invariably contains only a single ascospore per ascus. A morphologically similar species, Rhizocarpon geminatum
Rhizocarpon_disporum
In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a
Rhizine
Species of lichen
a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen that is endemic to New Zealand. The lichen was first formally described as a new species in 1876
Menegazzia_foraminulosa
Genus of fungi
Bryoria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Many members of this genus are known as horsehair lichens. The genus has a widespread
Bryoria
Genus of lichenised fungi
Cladonia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. Cladonia species are of economic
Cladonia
Branch of mycology that studies lichens
in nutrient cycling, the ecological role of lichens in biological soil crusts, the morphology of lichens, their anatomy and physiology, and ethnolichenology
Lichenology
Secondary metabolite made by a lichen
Lichen products, also known as lichen substances, are organic compounds produced by a lichen. Specifically, they are secondary metabolites. Lichen products
Lichen_product
Human chronic inflammatory disease
Lichen nitidus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by 1–2 mm, discrete and uniform, shiny, flat-topped, pale flesh-colored
Lichen_nitidus
Genus of lichens
is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines
Hypogymnia
Genus of algae
photobiont in lichen, occurring in the thalli of more than 20 lichen genera worldwide. Asterochloris is distinguishable from the morphologically similar genus
Asterochloris
Species of lichen
enables nitrogen fixation. Its distinct morphology and ecological preferences differentiate it from other aquatic lichens, such as Leptogium rivale. Ongoing
Peltigera_hydrothyria
Species of lichen
Cladonia boryi, also commonly known as fishnet cladonia or fishnet lichen, is a species of lichen. It is distinctive in the genus Cladonia because the stalks
Cladonia_boryi
Any medical condition that affects the integumentary system
classification based on location (for example, conditions of the mucous membrane), morphology (chronic blistering conditions), cause (skin conditions resulting from
Skin_condition
Species of fungus
ISBN 978-0-521-66241-3. "The lichen genus Collema in Europe: morphology, taxonomy, ecology" G Degelius - Symb. Bot. Upsal, 1954 "The lichen genus Collema with special
Collema_coccophorum
Medical condition
composed of histocytes, lymphocytes, and occasional plasma cells. These morphological features including the irregularity of the contours, are quite typical
Necrobiosis_lipoidica
Skin disease
Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides
Seborrhoeic_dermatitis
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
Graphis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. Historically, Graphis was used as a broad category for species with colourless,
Graphis_(lichen)
Species of lichen
changes that can occur. Mating in fungi Lichen morphology Lichen growth forms Fruticose lichen Glossary of lichen terms IUCN (2022-05-03). Alectoria fallacina:
Alectoria_fallacina
Class of algae
Barreno, Eva (2022). "Chloroplast morphology and pyrenoid ultrastructural analyses reappraise the diversity of the lichen phycobiont genus Trebouxia (Chlorophyta)"
Trebouxiophyceae
Study of the distribution of lichens
Lichen biogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies where lichens occur and how their distributions have changed through time. Lichens are
Lichen_biogeography
Medical condition
Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides
Wiskott–Aldrich_syndrome
Species of lichen
Vahliella hookerioides is a species of squamulose lichen in the family Vahliellaceae. It was first formally described in 2000 by the Norwegian lichenologist
Vahliella_hookerioides
Species of lichen-fungus
pollinaria is a Eurasian, rock- and bark-dwelling fruticose lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. This lichen forms pale green to yellowish branching structures that
Ramalina_pollinaria
Species of lichen-forming fungus
in the study. Morphologically similar–but genetically distinct–species include Parmelia discordans and P. pinnatifida. List of lichens named by Carl Linnaeus
Parmelia_omphalodes
Species of lichen-forming fungus
juniperinus is a species of lichen found in the Northern Hemisphere, commonly known as rock sunshine lichen or yellow rock lichen. This species is characterized
Vulpicida_juniperinus
Species of lichen
excipular spot tests, coupled with its colour and morphology, make it stand out from other lichen species. However, care must be taken not to confuse
Kurokawia_palmulata
collected outside Europe. His lichen accounts were usually brief, consisting of short diagnostic phrases with few details of morphology, variation or ecology
List of lichens named by Carl Linnaeus
List_of_lichens_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Umbilicaria cylindrica, commonly known as the fringed rock tripe, is a leafy lichen found in cold, high-altitude and polar regions across the globe. It forms
Umbilicaria_cylindrica
Parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen
basidiomata. Morphologically, lichenicolous fungi can take diverse forms. They may produce visible fruiting bodies on the surface of the host lichen, or exist
Lichenicolous_fungus
Cancer
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Kangri_cancer
Species of lichen
Belt's montane ecosystems. The species exhibits an unusual "window lichen" morphology shared with other members of the genus Lepidostroma. While this inverted
Lepidostroma_vilgalysii
Species of lichen
can be distinguished from that lichen by its smaller apothecia, longer ascospores, and differences in the morphology of the squamules (scales) that comprise
Hypocenomyce_tinderryensis
Human disease (bacterial infection)
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Impetigo
Species of lichen
Theodore L. (2004). "A new North American species in the lichen genus Physcia (Ascomycota) with a unique thallus morphology". Mycotaxon. 90 (2): 301–306.
Physcia_dakotensis
Lichen that grows inside a rock
An endolithic lichen is a crustose lichen that grows inside solid rock, growing between the grains, with only the fruiting bodies exposed to the air.
Endolithic_lichen
Undifferentiated vegetative tissue of certain organisms
some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular
Thallus
Genus of lichens
Physcia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The widely distributed genus contains about 80 species. The genus is cosmopolitan
Physcia
Species of lichen
Splanchnonema lichenisatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Pleomassariaceae. Found in Korea, it was formally described
Splanchnonema_lichenisatum
Species of lichen
Ocellularia rivasplatana is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Singapore, it was formally described as
Ocellularia_rivasplatana
Species of lichen
(2012). "Molecular phylogeny of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), with notes on their morphology". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 108: 45–64
Gallowayella_fulva
Species of lichen
(bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Ramboldiaceae. The species is characterized by a sorediate thallus and shares chemical and morphological characteristics
Ramboldia_blochiana
Species of lichen-forming fungus
other lichens. Chrysothrix chlorina resembles several other lichen species but can be differentiated based on chemical composition and morphological characteristics
Chrysothrix_chlorina
Family of lichen-forming fungi
Porinaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Gyalectales. While Trichotheliaceae was proposed as an alternative, Porinaceae is the widely
Porinaceae
Species of lichen
distinguished from similar species by its specific morphological features and chemical spot test reactions. The lichen is known to host several parasitic fungi
Arctoparmelia_incurva
Melanin spots on skin
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Freckle
Genus of lichen-forming fungi
Cetrelia is a genus of leafy lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as sea-storm lichens, alluding to the wavy appearance of
Cetrelia
Species of lichenized fungus
(formerly Xanthoria elegans), commonly known as the elegant sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the genus Rusavskia, family Teloschistaceae
Rusavskia_elegans
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Cladonia gracilis or the smooth cup lichen is a species of fruticose, cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. It was first described as a new species by
Cladonia_gracilis
Medical condition
Pityriasis rubra pilaris Other names Devergie's disease, lichen ruber acuminatus, and lichen ruber pilaris Arm with pityriasis rubra pilaris Specialty
Pityriasis_rubra_pilaris
Fungal infection
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Tinea_cruris
Skin condition characterized by small bumps caused by overproduction of keratin
Keratosis pilaris (KP; also follicular keratosis, lichen pilaris, or colloquially chicken skin) is a common, autosomal-dominant, genetic condition of the
Keratosis_pilaris
Extinct genus of indeterminate eukaryote
to place Prototaxites taxonomically. The paper deduced, based on its morphology, that Prototaxites was a fungus. This idea was received with disbelief
Prototaxites
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Graphis scripta is a crustose lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is commonly called script lichen, secret writing lichen, or similar names, because its
Graphis_scripta
Small benign skin tumor
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Skin_tag
Human and animal disease of follicles
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Folliculitis
Benign skin tumor originating in keratocytes
Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides
Seborrheic_keratosis
Species of lichen
morphologically variable species, particularly in the deposition of pruina on various surfaces and the thickness of the margins. However, the lichen tends
Glaucomaria_carpinea
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Usnea hirta is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was one of 80 lichen species first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753
Usnea_hirta
Species of lichen-forming fungus
Glaucomaria rupicola, the white rim lichen, is a species of crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It forms thick, whitish-grey patches on hard,
Glaucomaria_rupicola
Localized collection of pus in body tissue
Scabies Insect bite reactions Lichen planus Miliaria Keratosis pilaris Lichen spinulosus Transient acantholytic dermatosis Lichen nitidus Pityriasis lichenoides
Abscess
Species of lichen
above ground. Chrysothrix flavovirens, the yellow pine dust lichen, is similar in morphology and could be confused with Psilolechia lucida. They differ
Psilolechia_lucida
Medical condition
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma
Conjunctival_squamous_cell_carcinoma
Medical condition
v t e Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology Growths Epidermal Wart Callus Seborrheic keratosis Acrochordon Molluscum contagiosum Actinic keratosis
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Thrombotic_thrombocytopenic_purpura
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