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Pattern of brain activity that occurs during sleep
The cyclic alternating pattern (abbreviated CAP) is a pattern of two long-lasting alternate electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns that occur in sleep. It
Cyclic_alternating_pattern
Reversal of sleeping tendencies
architecture, including disruptions to sleep macrostructure and the cyclic alternating pattern. Inflammatory cytokines present in the cerebrospinal fluid of
Sleep_inversion
Sleeping disorder
regular sleeping patterns can precipitate an episode of sleep paralysis, because fragmentation of REM sleep commonly occurs when sleep patterns are disrupted
Sleep_paralysis
Circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorder
the external day, during which symptoms can improve. This produces a cyclical pattern of sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction, with the interval between
Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
Non-24-hour_sleep-wake_rhythm_disorder
Breathing method in humans
misperception Circadian rhythm disorders Advanced sleep phase disorder Cyclic alternating pattern Delayed sleep phase disorder Irregular sleep–wake rhythm Jet lag
Mouth_breathing
Type of social theories
President. Frank Klingberg has proposed a cyclic theory of US foreign policy. It states that the US alternates between extroverted phases, phases involving
Social_cycle_theory
Shape with six sides
point. This pattern repeats within the regular triangular tiling. A regular hexagon can be extended into a regular dodecagon by adding alternating squares
Hexagon
Medical specialty
find that isolated societies without electric light sleep in a variety of patterns; seldom do they resemble our modern habit of sleeping in one single eight-hour
Sleep_medicine
Chemical compound
consisting of a chain of eight carbon atoms linked by an alternating double-bond/single-bond pattern. The central two of the four alkene units can exhibit
Octatetraene
Theorem classifying finite simple groups
of group theory stating that every finite simple group is either cyclic, or alternating, or belongs to a broad infinite class called the groups of Lie type
Classification of finite simple groups
Classification_of_finite_simple_groups
Theory of political fluctuations in US history
Cyclical theories of history are intended to explain the numerous recurring events and patterns in humanity's recorded history. Several such cycles and
Cyclical_theory
Mathematical abelian group
is the smallest group that is not cyclic. Up to isomorphism, there is only one other group of order four: the cyclic group of order 4. Both groups are
Klein_four-group
Ring molecule composed entirely of carbon atoms
carbon. Possible bonding patterns include all double bonds (a cyclic cumulene) or alternating single bonds and triple bonds (a cyclic polyyne). The first cyclocarbon
Cyclocarbon
Medical specialty
of sleep diaries. The clinical interview examines topics such as sleep patterns, sleep history, psychiatric history, medications, substance use, and relevant
Behavioral_sleep_medicine
Group of units of the ring of integers modulo n
is not cyclic. The powers of 3, {1,3,9,11} are a subgroup of order 4, as are the powers of 5, {1,5,9,13}. Thus (ℤ/16ℤ)×≅C2×C4. The pattern shown by
Multiplicative group of integers modulo n
Multiplicative_group_of_integers_modulo_n
Ordering of binary values, used for positioning and error correction
Gray code, the most significant digit follows the pattern 2n − 1 on, 2n − 1 off, which is the same (cyclic) sequence of values as for the second-most significant
Gray_code
Sporadic simple group
families or is one of 26 sporadic groups that do not follow such a systematic pattern. The monster group contains 20 sporadic groups (including itself) as subquotients
Monster_group
Type of gravitational system
lighter and heavier ones alternate (or follow each other in a cyclic manner). The simplest rosette would be a series of four alternating heavier and lighter
Klemperer_rosette
Type of layers in sedimentary rocks
Cyclic sediments (also called rhythmic sediments) are sequences of sedimentary rocks that are characterised by repetitive patterns of different rock types
Cyclic_sediments
Alternative mathematical ordering
In mathematics, a cyclic order is a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle.[nb] Unlike most structures in order theory, a cyclic order is not modeled
Cyclic_order
Biological neural circuit that produces rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input
they can produce alternating patterns of activity when coupled by inhibitory connections. (The neurons can also produce activity patterns of other relative
Central_pattern_generator
Finite simple group type not classified as Lie, cyclic or alternating
classification scheme as a third-generation group. The cyclic groups of prime order, the alternating groups of degree at least 5, and 16 families of groups
Sporadic_group
This is a list of topics on mathematical permutations. Alternating permutation Circular shift Cyclic permutation Derangement Even and odd permutations—see
List_of_permutation_topics
Musical work composed by Ernest Chausson
in the end. The Symphony takes Franck's concept of three-movement pattern with cyclic form one step further, making the form more dramatic and compressing
Symphony_in_B-flat_(Chausson)
Branch of mathematics that studies the properties of groups
corresponding set. For example, in this way one proves that for n ≥ 5, the alternating group An is simple, i.e. does not admit any proper normal subgroups.
Group_theory
Two-dimensional matrix barcode
(called the "finder pattern") and two other borders consisting of alternating dark and light "cells" or modules (called the "timing pattern"). Within these
Data_Matrix
Cambodian and Thai finger cymbals
bronze alloy—iron, copper, and gold. They are struck together in a cyclical pattern to keep time and regulate the melody, and they function as the "timekeeper"
Ching_(instrument)
Polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
IUPAC definition alternating copolymer: A copolymer consisting of macromolecule comprising two species of monomeric unit in alternating sequence. (See Gold
Copolymer
78-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
(as a complex or compact Lie group) is the cyclic group Z/3Z, and its outer automorphism group is the cyclic group Z/2Z. For the simply-connected form
E6_(mathematics)
Medical condition
is generally cyclic, forming a regular pattern in time or space. Flashing lights (such as strobe lights) or rapidly changing or alternating images (as in
Photosensitive_epilepsy
Transformations induced by a mathematical group
faithfully on a set of size 2n. This is not always the case, for example the cyclic group ℤ/2nℤ cannot act faithfully on a set of size less than 2n. In general
Group_action
Cyclic chemical group (–C6H5)
In organic chemistry, the phenyl group, or phenyl ring, is a cyclic group of atoms with the formula C6H5−, and is often represented by the pseudoelement
Phenyl_group
Mathematical coincidence
beginning of a classical family. For instance: C1, the cyclic group of order 1; A0 ≅ A1 ≅ A2, the alternating group on 0, 1, or 2 letters; S0 ≅ S1, the symmetric
Exceptional_isomorphism
Sequence of digital values used for synchronisation
question of which lengths admit such patterns was subsequently recast as a problem about binary sequences, cyclic difference sets and character sums, and
Barker_code
Set with associative invertible operation
primitive, so these groups are cyclic. Indeed, each element is expressible as a sum all of whose terms are 1. Any cyclic group with n elements is isomorphic
Group_(mathematics)
Method of shuffling a deck of cards
University Press, pp. 61–83. Vella, Antoine (2002), "Pattern avoidance in permutations: linear and cyclic orders", Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 9 (2)
Gilbreath_shuffle
Shape with ten sides
be constructed as a truncated pentagon, t{5}, a quasiregular decagon alternating two types of edges. The picture shows a regular decagon with side length
Decagon
a list of recurring cycles. See also Index of wave articles, Time, and Pattern. Astronomy – Axial precession – CNO cycle – Eclipse cycle – Eclipse – Full
List_of_cycles
Color encoding system for analogue television
PAL (an acronym for Phase Alternating Line) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of the three major analogue colour television
PAL
Polygon with 12 edges
has Dih12 symmetry, order 24. There are 15 distinct subgroup dihedral and cyclic symmetries. Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom
Dodecagon
Oscillation between the slow-wave and REM phases of sleep
circadian alternation between sleep and wakefulness. In humans, this cycle takes 70 to 110 minutes. Within the sleep of adults and infants there are cyclic fluctuations
Sleep_cycle
Topics referred to by the same term
Instantaneous phase, generalization for both cyclic and non-cyclic phenomena AC phase, the phase offset between alternating current electric power in multiple conducting
Phase
1960 jazz composition by John Coltrane
released on the 1960 album Giant Steps. The composition features a cyclic chord pattern that has come to be known as Coltrane changes. The composition has
Giant_Steps_(composition)
Form of strabismus in which the eyes turn inward
right esotropia the right eye 'squints'. In an alternating esotropia, the patient is able to alternate fixation between their right and left eye so that
Esotropia
Type of group and algebra representation
D′(a)≡P−1D(a)P, which maps every matrix in the representation into the same pattern upper triangular blocks. Every ordered sequence minor block is a group
Irreducible_representation
Periodic set of points
the symmetry group of discrete translational symmetry in n directions. A pattern with this lattice of translational symmetry cannot have more, but may have
Lattice_(group)
Literary technique in narrative motifs and other textual passages
Classicist Bruno Gentili describes this technique as "the cyclical, circular, or 'ring' pattern (ring composition). Here the idea that introduced a compositional
Chiastic_structure
Method of quantum computing
corrections at the end of the circuit. Such pattern of computation is referred to as CME standard pattern. In the CME formalism, the operation of entanglement
One-way_quantum_computer
Quadrilateral with four right angles
Japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals states that the incentres of the four triangles determined by the vertices of a cyclic quadrilateral taken three
Rectangle
Polygon with 16 edges
mirrors can alternate long and short edges, and p16, an isotoxal hexadecagon constructed with equal edge lengths, but vertices alternating two different
Hexadecagon
Global climate cycles
variations in eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession combined to result in cyclical variations in the intra-annual and latitudinal distribution of solar radiation
Milankovitch_cycles
Sex-linked barring is a plumage pattern on individual feathers in chickens, which is characterized by alternating pigmented and apigmented bars. The pigmented
Sex-linked_barring
Computation of a cyclic redundancy check is derived from the mathematics of polynomial division, modulo two. In practice, it resembles long division of
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
Aspect of music
This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency
Rhythm
Polygon with 18 edges
subgroup dihedral symmetries: Dih9, (Dih6, Dih3), and (Dih2 Dih1), and 6 cyclic group symmetries: (Z18, Z9), (Z6, Z3), and (Z2, Z1). These 15 symmetries
Octadecagon
Protein-coding gene in humans
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene. This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific
PDE4B
Safety principle in transport engineering
to simple metal aircraft, where airframe components are subjected to alternating loads over the lifetime of the aircraft which makes them susceptible
Safe-life_design
Lie group of Lorentz transformations
the fundamental group of the each group is isomorphic to the two-element cyclic group Z2. Twofold coverings are characteristic of spin groups. In addition
Lorentz_group
Membrane enclosed compartments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria
photosynthetic pigments embedded directly in the membrane. It is an alternating pattern of dark and light bands measuring one nanometer each. The thylakoid
Thylakoid
Mathematical version of an order change
hashing in Unique Permutation Hashing. Mathematics portal Alternating permutation Convolution Cyclic order Even and odd permutations Josephus permutation Levi-Civita
Permutation
Classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern
checkerboard pattern of two alternating rectangular tiles, of which each, by itself, is doubly symmetric a checkerboard pattern of alternatingly a 2-fold rotationally
Wallpaper_group
Computational methods for identifying aromatic ring systems
concept of aromaticity, which describes the special stability of certain cyclic conjugated systems, computational aromaticity is primarily a nomenclature
Aromaticity_(cheminformatics)
Notation for a polyhedron's vertex figure
faces, alternating triangles and pentagons. This vertex configuration defines the vertex-transitive icosidodecahedron. The notation is cyclic and therefore
Vertex_configuration
System for naming organic chemical compounds
chains if composed of the same elements. For cyclic systems: Identification of the parent cyclic ring. The cyclic system must obey these rules, in order of
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry
Optical illusion
options to adjust the frequency of recording to the frequency of a fast cyclic motion, a stroboscope can typically have its frequency set to any value
Wagon-wheel_effect
T1 (DS1) Framing standard
pattern is sent on this bit. Equipment will search for a bit which has the correct pattern, and will align its framing based on that bit. The pattern
Superframe
Symmetry of molecules of chemical compounds
reference of character tables uses symbols Zx for abstract cyclic groups Cx with A4 and S4 (alternating and symmetric permutations of 4 objects) for T and O
Molecular_symmetry
Structure of a piece of music
distinctly different themes are alternated indefinitely, as in a song alternating verse and chorus or in the alternating slow and fast sections of the Hungarian
Musical_form
Repetitive variation of some measure about a central value
states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum and alternating current. Oscillations are often used in physics to approximate complex
Oscillation
Chemical compounds made of only carbon and oxygen
follows this pattern: its predominant form is believed to be −C≡O+. Another family of oxocarbons that has attracted special attention are the cyclic radialene-type
Oxocarbon
relaxation to generate cyclical gas exchange patterns and to reduce water loss into the atmosphere. The most extreme form of these patterns is termed discontinuous
Respiratory_system_of_insects
Type of public transport timetable
A clock-face schedule, also cyclic schedule, is a timetable system under which public transport services run at consistent intervals, as opposed to a timetable
Clock-face_scheduling
Mathematical puzzle game
write down both formulas: The solution for the Cyclic Hanoi has some interesting properties: The move-patterns of transferring a tower of disks from a peg
Tower_of_Hanoi
Tendency in the insurance industry
observed to rise and fall in a cyclical pattern rather than at a steady rate. In a typical cycle insurers experience alternating phases that are often described
Insurance_cycle
Algorithms and methods of plotting the Mandelbrot set on a computing device
subtract from n is in the interval [0, 1). For the coloring we must have a cyclic scale of colors (constructed mathematically, for instance) and containing
Plotting algorithms for the Mandelbrot set
Plotting_algorithms_for_the_Mandelbrot_set
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
tonal function of chords. Chords can progress in a pattern of ascending perfect fourths (alternately viewed as descending perfect fifths) in "functional
Circle_of_fifths
Technology for extracting heavy oil
Steam injection consists of two core methods: cyclic steam injection and steam flooding. During cyclic steam circulation (CSC), steam is injected into
Heavy_oil_production
Noise that reduces quantization error
translated to ordered dither patterns. Some liquid-crystal displays use temporal dithering to achieve a similar effect. By alternating each pixel's color value
Dither
Unit of data on an Ethernet network
frame. The frame ends with a frame check sequence (FCS), which is a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check used to detect any in-transit corruption of data. A data
Ethernet_frame
Tiling by squares of two sizes
Pythagorean tiling has a smaller cyclic set of symmetries around the corresponding points, giving it p4 symmetry. It is a chiral pattern, meaning that it is impossible
Pythagorean_tiling
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
commonly realized using a suitable hash function (or specifically, a checksum, cyclic redundancy check or other algorithm). A hash function adds a fixed-length
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Molecule produced by a living organism
silk is formed of beta pleated sheets, and many enzymes have a pattern of alternating helices and beta-strands. The secondary-structure elements are connected
Biomolecule
Theory of generational cycles
political, and economic climate ("mood") exists. They are part of a larger cyclical "saeculum", a long human life, which usually spans around 85 years, although
Strauss–Howe generational theory
Strauss–Howe_generational_theory
Lakes formed before the last glacial maximum
distinct cyclic layers with mixed salt and saline biota called fluctuating profundal (deep water lakes of variable depth), and high-frequency cyclic layering
Ancient_lake
Phase synchronization is the process by which two or more cyclic signals tend to oscillate with a repeating sequence of relative phase angles. Phase synchronisation
Phase_synchronization
Crocheted block assembled to make larger textiles
Afghan blankets, and other household textiles. Granny square apparel is a cyclical fashion that peaked in the 1970s. As Stitch 'n Bitch series author Debbie
Granny_square
Subdiscipline of chemistry, focusing on carbon compounds
cyclopropane ((CH2)3). Saturated cyclic compounds contain single bonds only, whereas aromatic rings have an alternating (or conjugated) double bond. Cycloalkanes
Organic_chemistry
Human development theory
Graves's emergent cyclical levels of existence (E-C theory or ECLET) is a theory of adult human development constructed from experimental data by Union
Graves's emergent cyclical levels of existence
Graves's_emergent_cyclical_levels_of_existence
Cycles and fixed points Cyclic order Cyclic permutation Cyclotomic identity Data integrity Alternating bit protocol Checksum Cyclic redundancy check Luhn
Index of combinatorics articles
Index_of_combinatorics_articles
Behavior characterized by activity during the day and sleeping during the night
time of year. Diurnality is a cycle of activity within a 24-hour period; cyclic activities called circadian rhythms are endogenous cycles not dependent
Diurnality
Process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions
the general public. Methods of refrigeration can be classified as non-cyclic, cyclic, thermoelectric and magnetic. This refrigeration method cools a contained
Refrigeration
Beginning of development of the breasts in the female
infants. The breasts of these females typically exhibit alternating progression and regression patterns of growth in 6-week intervals, often completely decreasing
Thelarche
Natural number
293,446 = Large Schröder number 5,308,416 = 23042 = 484 5,496,925 = first cyclic number in base 6 5,555,555 = repdigit 5,623,756 = number of trees with 22
1,000,000
Groups of point isometries in 3 dimensions
screw axis.) There are many infinite isometry groups; for example, the "cyclic group" (meaning that it is generated by one element – not to be confused
Point groups in three dimensions
Point_groups_in_three_dimensions
Type of chart
unrelated, creating spurious connections. The charts have an inherently cyclic structure; the first and last variables must be placed next to each other
Radar_chart
Organic molecules
has been performed on nanotubes formed by stacking cyclic peptides with an even number of alternating D and L amino acids. These nanotubes are the narrowest
Self-assembling_peptide
Figurate number
the first row contains one point, the second row contains two, and this pattern continues up to the nth row, which contains n. Therefore, the triangular
Triangular_number
Type of shift register in computing
and software implementations of LFSRs are common. The mathematics of a cyclic redundancy check, used to provide a quick check against transmission errors
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Programming collective communication
messages are divided by k packets) and binomial trees. The Processor 0d cyclically spreads packets to roots of ESBTs. The roots of ESBTs broadcast data with
Broadcast_(parallel_pattern)
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
Christian core. Paolo Benanti opines that Thiel's vision of time is "tragically cyclic – and therefore pagan", while noting that Palantir plays a central role
Peter_Thiel
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