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Family of formal knowledge representation
Description logics (DL) are a family of formal knowledge representation languages. Many DLs are more expressive than propositional logic but less expressive
Description_logic
Text for clarification; one of four rhetorical modes
Description is any type of communication that aims to make vivid a place, object, person, group, or other physical entity. It is one of four rhetorical
Description
Process by which desired circuit behavior is turned into a schematic of logic gates
specified in hardware description languages, including VHDL and Verilog. Some synthesis tools generate bitstreams for programmable logic devices such as PALs
Logic_synthesis
Family of knowledge representation languages
intended to be a thin layer above RDFS, with formal semantics based on a description logic (DL). DAML+OIL is a particularly major influence on OWL; OWL's design
Web_Ontology_Language
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Classical logic Computability logic Deontic logic Dependence logic Description logic Deviant logic Doxastic logic Epistemic logic First-order logic Formal
Outline_of_logic
Formal language used to construct ontologies
first-order logic or on description logic. Common Logic - and its dialects CycL DOGMA (Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications) F-Logic (Frame
Ontology_language
Specialized computer language used to describe electronic circuits
digital logic descriptions to be performed at a high level without being tied to a specific electronic technology, such as emitter-coupled logic (ECL),
Hardware_description_language
Hardware description language
multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from the system level down to that of logic gates. It can be used for design entry, documentation, and verification
VHDL
Device performing a Boolean function
A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output
Logic_gate
Language to express rules and logic with semantic web
Raphael Volz; Stefan Decker (2003). "Description Logic Programs: Combining Logic Programs with Description Logic" (PDF). Proc. of the Twelfth International
Semantic_Web_Rule_Language
Software able to infer logical consequences
of an ontology language, and often a description logic language. Many reasoners use first-order predicate logic to perform reasoning; inference commonly
Semantic_reasoner
Description of non-logical symbols
In mathematical logic, a signature is a description of the non-logical symbols of a formal language. In universal algebra, a signature lists the operations
Signature_(logic)
Type of formal logic
and de re Description logic Doxastic logic Dynamic logic Enthymeme Free choice inference Hybrid logic Interior algebra Interpretability logic Kripke semantics
Modal_logic
American computer scientist
intelligence, specifically in knowledge representation and reasoning, description logics, the semantic web, explanation, and trust. McGuinness completed her
Deborah_McGuinness
Methods in artificial intelligence research
or logic-based artificial intelligence) is a collection of methods based on high-level symbolic (human-readable) representations of problems, logic, and
Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
System for medical classification
the use of description logic to facilitate terminology maintenance. Because primitive concepts can not be processed by the description logic classifier
SNOMED_CT
Form of reasoning
reasoning Subjective logic – Type of probabilistic logic Theory of justification – Concept in epistemologyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Deductive_reasoning
Topics referred to by the same term
gate arrays, and logic circuits Job Submission Description Language Architecture description language Specification and Description Language - a specification
Description_language
American rapper and singer (born 1990)
Robert Bryson Hall II (born January 22, 1990), known professionally as Logic, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Gaithersburg
Logic_(rapper)
Model in software engineering
roles, datatypes, individuals, and rules, typically grounded in a description logic. In the field of computer science a conceptual model aims to express
Domain_model
Reasoning about equations with free variables
focuses on the identification and algebraic description of models appropriate for the study of various logics (in the form of classes of algebras that constitute
Algebraic_logic
Ontology language
technologies, especially the semantic web. F-logic is considered as one of the formalisms for ontologies, but description logic (DL) is more popular and accepted
F-logic
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
Approach to logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to
Term_logic
Many-valued logic in which truth values comprise a continuous range
example, finite-valued logic can be applied in Boolean-valued modeling, description logics, and defuzzification of fuzzy logic. Isaac Newton and Gottfried
Infinite-valued_logic
the logical analysis of natural language. Hybrid logic is also closely connected to description logic because the use of nominals allows one to perform
Hybrid_logic
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name
List_of_logic_symbols
Process in digital electronics and integrated circuit design
Logic optimization is a process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified logic circuit under one or more specified constraints. This process
Logic_optimization
Type of logical system
first-order logic (FOL), also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system. First-order logic uses quantified
First-order_logic
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
Philosophical theory by Bertrand Russell
a definite description (of the general form 'the F is G') becomes the following existentially quantified phrase in classic symbolic logic (where 'x' and
Theory_of_descriptions
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
first-order logic, without requiring any preliminary reduction of formulae into normal forms. These methods have also been extended to modal logic. Abductive
Abductive_reasoning
Class of formal logics
Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic. Classical logic has had
Classical_logic
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
a subset of logic devices referred to as programmable logic devices (PLDs). They consist of a grid-connected array of programmable logic blocks that can
Field-programmable_gate_array
Logic with discrete truth values
finite-valued logic can be applied in Boolean-valued modeling, description logics, and defuzzification of fuzzy logic. A finite-valued logic is decidable
Finite-valued_logic
Formal systems of logic that significantly differ from standard logical systems
Non-classical logics (sometimes alternative logics) are formal systems that differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional
Non-classical_logic
Field that studies the methods and methodologies for building ontologies
axioms with description logics, which can then be translated to any serialization of RDF, such as RDF/XML or Turtle. Beyond the description logic axioms,
Ontology_engineering
formalisms as Description Logic, First-order Logic and Logic Programming. WSML Core, defined as an intersection of the Description Logic and Horn Logic. Supports
Web Services Modeling Language
Web_Services_Modeling_Language
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in
Many-valued_logic
Digital circuit design abstraction
integrated circuit design cycle. An RTL description is usually converted to a gate-level description of the circuit by a logic synthesis tool. The synthesis results
Register-transfer_level
Type of electronic component
complex programmable logic device (CPLD) is a programmable logic device with complexity between that of programmable array logic (PAL) and field-programmable
Complex programmable logic device
Complex_programmable_logic_device
2001 textbook by Graham Priest
propositional logics, which are logical systems that differ from standard classical propositional logic. It covers a wide range of topics including modal logic, intuitionistic
An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic
An_Introduction_to_Non-Classical_Logic
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often
Philosophical_logic
Digital audio workstation
Notator Logic, or Logic, by German software developer C-Lab which later went by Emagic. Apple acquired Emagic in 2002 and rebranded Logic to Logic Pro, adding
Logic_Pro
Subfield of mathematics
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory
Mathematical_logic
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India
History_of_logic
System for representing and reasoning about time
In logic, a temporal logic is any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time (for example
Temporal_logic
Various systems of symbolic logic
logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by
Intuitionistic_logic
1843 book by John Stuart Mill
A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive is an 1843 book by English philosopher John Stuart Mill. In this work, he formulated the five principles
A_System_of_Logic
Work by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Science of Logic (German: Wissenschaft der Logik), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined
Science_of_Logic
System including an indeterminate value
three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which
Three-valued_logic
Type of formal logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion
Paraconsistent_logic
Universal type in logic and computer science
interpretation. It has a similar meaning in predicate calculus. In description logic, top is used to refer to the set of all concepts. This is intuitively
Any_type
In logic, a statement which is always true
In mathematical logic, a tautology (from Ancient Greek: ταυτολογία) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms
Tautology_(logic)
British computer scientist
Brandt, S. (2008). "Why Do It the Hard Way? The Case for an Expressive Description Logic for SNOMED". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
Alan_Rector
Bearer of truth values
determine the truth values of compound propositions. First-order logic extends propositional logic with additional devices to analyze the internal structure
Proposition
EL++ is a lightweight description logic that was designed to capture the expressive power that is used by large-scale ontologies from practical applications
EL++
Logical connective AND
In logic, mathematics and linguistics, and ( ∧ {\displaystyle \wedge } ) is the truth-functional operator of conjunction or logical conjunction. The logical
Logical_conjunction
of temporal logic, originally developed by Ben Moszkowski for his thesis at Stanford University. It is useful in the formal description of hardware and
Interval_temporal_logic
Rules used for constructing, or transforming the symbols and words of a language
In logic, syntax is an arrangement of well-structured entities in the formal languages or formal systems that express something. Syntax is concerned with
Syntax_(logic)
Works by Aristotle on logic
well-structured system. Indeed, parts of them seem to be a scheme of a lecture on logic. The arrangement of the works was made by Andronicus of Rhodes around 40
Organon
Form of logic
A free logic is a logic with fewer existential presuppositions than classical logic. Free logics may allow for terms that do not denote any object. Free
Free_logic
Symbolic logic system
Minimal logic, or minimal calculus, is a symbolic logic system originally developed by Ingebrigt Johansson under the name "Minimalkalkül". It is a paraconsistent
Minimal_logic
Academic discipline
Logic in computer science covers the overlap between the field of logic and that of computer science. The topic can essentially be divided into three
Logic_in_computer_science
System of resource-aware logic
Linear logic is a substructural logic proposed by French logician Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the
Linear_logic
Reasoning of knowledge about knowledge
Autoepistemic logic is a formal logic for the representation and reasoning of knowledge about knowledge. While propositional logic can only express facts
Autoepistemic_logic
1974 studio album by Steely Dan
Pretzel Logic is the third studio album by American rock band Steely Dan, released on February 20, 1974, by ABC Records. It was recorded at the Village
Pretzel_Logic
Reconfigurable digital circuit element
programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. Unlike digital logic constructed using discrete logic gates
Programmable_logic_device
Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
termPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Substitution instance – Concept in logicPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Theory
Formal_system
Issue in artificial intelligence and categorical algebra
using first-order logic to express facts about a robot in the world. Representing the state of a robot with traditional first-order logic requires the use
Frame_problem
Branch of logic
Informal logic encompasses the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting (characterized by the usage of particular statements)
Informal_logic
Concept in computer software
In computer software, business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can
Business_logic
British academic (b.1958)
knowledge representation and reasoning, particularly ontology languages, description logic and optimised tableaux decision procedures. Horrocks completed his
Ian_Horrocks
Ancient philosophy
traditionally divided into three interconnected disciplines: logic, physics, and ethics. Stoic logic focuses on highly intentional reasoning through propositions
Stoicism
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the
Boolean_algebra
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing
Programmable_logic_controller
Study of the scope and nature of logic
Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as
Philosophy_of_logic
Study of the properties of logical systems
Metalogic is the metatheory of logic. Whereas logic studies how logical systems can be used to construct valid and sound arguments, metalogic studies the
Metalogic
Concept of philosophy and logic used to express modal claims
used as a formal device in logic, philosophy, and linguistics in order to provide a semantics for intensional and modal logic. Their metaphysical status
Possible_world
Computer scientist
147–185. Grosof, Benjamin N., et al. "Description logic programs: combining logic programs with description logic." Proceedings of the 12th international
Stefan_Decker
System of formal mathematical logic
mathematics comparable to first-order logic plus set theory. It is a form of higher-order logic and closely related to the logics of the HOL theorem prover family
Q0_(mathematical_logic)
Symbol representing a property or relation in logic
In logic, a predicate is a non-logical symbol that represents a property or a relation, though, formally, does not need to represent anything at all.
Predicate_(logic)
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
within its environment. This knowledge is usually represented in logic-based action description language and used as the input for automated planners. action
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Type of digital logic implemented by Boolean circuits
In automata theory, combinational logic (also referred to as time-independent logic) is a type of digital logic that is implemented by Boolean circuits
Combinational_logic
Resource-sensitive logic allowing each assumption to be used at most once
Affine logic is a substructural logic whose proof theory rejects the structural rule of contraction. It can also be characterized as linear logic with weakening
Affine_logic
Field of artificial intelligence
Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Incorporated Description Logic in Practice: A CLASSIC Application The Rule Markup Initiative Nelements
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning
mathematical logic, Gödel logics, sometimes referred to as Dummett logics or Gödel–Dummett logics, is a family of finite- or infinite-valued logics in which
Gödel_logic
Independent game developer and publisher
Re-Logic is an American independent video game developer and publisher based in Floyds Knobs, Indiana. Founded by Andrew "Redigit" Spinks in 2010, the
Re-Logic
Steps in reasoning
investigation Logic – Study of correct reasoning Logic of information Logical assertion – Statement in a metalanguagePages displaying short descriptions of redirect
Inference
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Area of automatic programming
inductive logic programming, which uses logic programming languages such as Prolog and other logical representations such as description logics, have been
Inductive_programming
Learning logic programs from data
Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a subfield of symbolic artificial intelligence which uses logic programming as a uniform representation for examples
Inductive_logic_programming
Hardware description language
Verilog source into a netlist, a logically equivalent description consisting only of elementary logic primitives (AND, OR, NOT, flip-flops, etc.) that are
Verilog
Topics referred to by the same term
In mathematics, ω-logic can refer to: ω-logic, an infinitary extension of first-order logic Ω-logic, a deductive system in set theory developed by Hugh
Omega-logic
System for reasoning about vagueness
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept
Fuzzy_logic
1956 computer program written by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw
Logic Theorist is a computer program completed in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. It was the first program deliberately engineered
Logic_Theorist
IEEE standard that defines logic values used in electronic design
library and use statements: library IEEE; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; Many hardware description language (HDL) simulation tools, such as Verilog and VHDL
IEEE_1164
Use of logic to perform or reason about computation
Computational logic is the use of logic to perform or reason about computation. It bears a similar relationship to computer science and engineering as
Computational_logic
Establishment of a theorem using inference from the axioms
In logic and mathematics, a formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of sentences (known as well-formed formulas when relating to formal language)
Formal_proof
Making other gates using just NOR gates
A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative. Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called
NOR_logic
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DESCRIPTION LOGIC
DESCRIPTION LOGIC
DESCRIPTION LOGIC
DESCRIPTION LOGIC
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