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Approach to logic
In logic and formal semantics, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to
Term_logic
Components of a mathematical or logical formula
In mathematical logic, a term is an arrangement of dependent/bound symbols that denotes a mathematical object within an expression/formula. In particular
Term_(logic)
Study of correct reasoning
expressed in natural language whereas formal logic uses formal language. When used as a countable noun, the term "a logic" refers to a specific logical formal
Logic
Topics referred to by the same term
rights Term of a pregnancy Prison sentence Term (logic), a component of a logical or mathematical expression (not to be confused with term logic, or Aristotelian
Term
Ancient philosophy
with Aristotelian term logic, the system of propositional logic developed by the Stoics was one of the two great systems of logic in the classical world
Stoicism
Class of formal logics
Classical logic (or standard logic) or Frege–Russell logic is the intensively studied and most widely used class of deductive logic. Classical logic has had
Classical_logic
Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning
predicate logic: The convention here is that the letter S is the subject of the conclusion, P is the predicate of the conclusion, and M is the middle term. The
Syllogism
Overview of and topical guide to logic
Relevance logic Sequential logic Spatial logic Strict logic Substructural logic Syllogistic logic Symbolic logic Temporal logic Term logic Topical logic Traditional
Outline_of_logic
India, China, and Greece. Greek methods, particularly Aristotelian logic (or term logic) as found in the Organon, found wide application and acceptance in
History_of_logic
Type of logical system
First-order logic, also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system used in mathematics, philosophy
First-order_logic
Concept in mathematical logic
portal Aristotle Contraposition Inverse (logic) Logical connective Obversion Term logic Transposition (logic) Robert Audi, ed. (1999), The Cambridge Dictionary
Converse_(logic)
Device performing a Boolean function
produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has, for instance, zero rise time and unlimited
Logic_gate
Concept of logic or linguistics
In logic and linguistics, an expression is syncategorematic if it lacks a denotation but can nonetheless affect the denotation of a larger expression
Syncategorematic_term
1323 textbook on logic by William of Ockham
("Sum of Logic") is a textbook on logic by William of Ockham. It was written around 1323. Systematically, it resembles other works of medieval logic, organised
Sum_of_Logic
Study of the scope and nature of logic
Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as
Philosophy_of_logic
Works by Aristotle on logic
interest in logic as the basis of rational enquiry, and a number of texts, most successfully the Port-Royal Logic, polished Aristotelian term logic for pedagogy
Organon
Subfield of mathematics
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory
Mathematical_logic
1662 textbook on logic
Port-Royal Logic is sometimes cited as a paradigmatic example of traditional term logic. According to Ian Hacking, the book was the "most influential logic book
Port-Royal_Logic
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
In logic, a quantifier is an operator that specifies how many individuals in the domain of discourse satisfy an open formula. For instance, the universal
Quantifier_(logic)
System for reasoning about vagueness
false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1. The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965
Fuzzy_logic
System for representing and reasoning about time
temporal logic. The term temporal logic is also sometimes used to refer specifically to tense logic, a modal logic-based system of temporal logic introduced
Temporal_logic
Logical formalism using combinators instead of variables
Combinatory logic is a notation to eliminate the need for quantified variables in mathematical logic. It was introduced by Moses Schönfinkel and Haskell
Combinatory_logic
Symbol representing a property or relation in logic
and higher-order logic and are therefore not defined in terms of other more basic concepts. The term derives from the grammatical term "predicate", meaning
Predicate_(logic)
Illustration of Aristotle's theory of categorisation
philosophical logic textbook in the Middle Ages, and theories of categories based on Porphyry's work were still being taught to students of logic until the
Porphyrian_tree
Formal system of logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (abbreviated HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers
Higher-order_logic
Study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and natural languages
of subject–predicate analysis in Aristotle's logic. Term logic is an attempt to modernize Aristotle's logic: find deductive systems in the spirit of Aristotle's
Semantics_(logic)
Fragment of first-order logic
In logic, the monadic predicate calculus (also called monadic first-order logic) is the fragment of first-order logic (also called predicate calculus)
Monadic_predicate_calculus
In logic, a statement which is always true
formulas of propositional logic. The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein first applied the term to redundancies of propositional logic in 1921, borrowing from
Tautology_(logic)
Type of logic diagram
In term logic (a branch of philosophical logic), the square of opposition is a diagram representing the relations between the four basic categorical propositions
Square_of_opposition
Use of logic to perform or reason about computation
engineering as mathematical logic bears to mathematics and as philosophical logic bears to philosophy. It is an alternative term for "logic in computer science"
Computational_logic
In scholastic logic, predicable is a term applied to a classification of the possible relations in which a predicate may stand to its subject. It is not
Predicable
Type of formal logic
Inconsistency-tolerant logics have been discussed since at least 1910 (and arguably much earlier, for example in the writings of Aristotle); however, the term paraconsistent
Paraconsistent_logic
Statement regarding whether or not an item belongs to a category
In logic, a categorical proposition, or categorical statement, is a proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category
Categorical_proposition
Logical connective AND
{\displaystyle B} is true. An operand of a conjunction is a conjunct. Beyond logic, the term "conjunction" also refers to similar concepts in other fields: In natural
Logical_conjunction
Class of modern grammatical theories
Latin, French, English and other grammars from the widespread study of term logic of antiquity. Dependency is also concretely present in the works of Sámuel
Dependency_grammar
Form of reasoning
– also known as term logic – was developed by Aristotle, but was superseded by propositional (sentential) logic and predicate logic. [citation needed]
Deductive_reasoning
Type of rhetorical deductive argument
Macmillan. p. 175. Madden, Edward H. (1952). "The Enthymeme: Crossroads of Logic, Rhetoric, and Metaphysics". The Philosophical Review. 61 (3): 368–376.
Enthymeme
Theoretical perspective explaining human decision-making
distinguish the logic of appropriateness from what they term the "logic of consequences," more commonly known as rational choice theory. The logic of consequences
Logic_of_appropriateness
School of thought in philosophy of mathematics
is an extension of logic, some or all of mathematics is reducible to logic, or some or all of mathematics may be modelled in logic. Bertrand Russell and
Logicism
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often
Philosophical_logic
Concept in Aristotelian logic
In the system of Aristotelian logic, the logical cube is a diagram representing the different ways in which each of the eight propositions of the system
Logical_cube
Inference rule in logic, proof theory, and automated theorem proving
theorem-proving technique for sentences in propositional logic and first-order logic. For propositional logic, systematically applying the resolution rule acts
Resolution_(logic)
Method of deriving conclusions
of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with
Rule_of_inference
Propositions that are demonstrably, necessarily or self-evidently true
"capable of demonstration"), is an adjectival expression from Aristotelian logic that refers to propositions that are demonstrably, necessarily or self-evidently
Apodicticity
Argument whose conclusion must be true if its premises are
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true
Validity_(logic)
Replacing subterm in a formula with another term
theorem provers and declarative programming languages are based on term rewriting. In logic, the procedure for obtaining the conjunctive normal form (CNF)
Rewriting
Part of a statement referring to something
ambiguous use of a term in a deductive argument may be an instance of the fallacy of four terms. Dinwiddie, William (1914). Essentials of Logic (PDF). New York:
Term_(argumentation)
Work of Aristotle pertaining to logic
extant Aristotelian writings on logic and scientific method, it is part of what later Peripatetics called the Organon. The term analytics comes from the Greek
Prior_Analytics
Epistemology classification method
"division") is a form of classification used in ancient (especially Platonic) logic that serves to systematize concepts and come to definitions. When defining
Diairesis
Sequence of propositions which constitute a sequence of overlapping syllogisms
readily understand polysyllogisms All students of logic are good students Therefore, all students of logic will readily understand polysyllogisms But all
Polysyllogism
Algebraization of first-order logic
In mathematical logic, predicate functor logic (PFL) is one of several ways to express first-order logic (also known as predicate logic) by purely algebraic
Predicate_functor_logic
Essay by Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant, Introduction to Logic, New York: Barnes and Noble ISBN 0-7607-7040-9 (Contains Kant's Introduction to his Logic and also a translation of The
The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures
The_False_Subtlety_of_the_Four_Syllogistic_Figures
In Aristotelian logic, baroco is a mnemonic word used to memorize a class of syllogism. Specifically, it has the first proposition universal and affirmative
Baroco
syllogism is more of a probability is Donald Williams. Ancient writers on logic and rhetoric approved arguments from "what happens for the most part". For
Statistical_syllogism
Type of determiner that indicates quantity
layout, for example by putting "C ∀B" on a new line. Term logic, also called Aristotelian logic, treats quantification in a manner that is closer to natural
Quantifier_(linguistics)
Look up Appendix:Glossary of logic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning
Glossary_of_logic
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
Aristotelian logic with its types of syllogism (methods of logical argument), Aristotle himself would have labelled "analytics". The term "logic" he reserved
Aristotle
Concept in logic
original expression. Where ψ and φ represent formulas of propositional logic, ψ is a substitution instance of φ if and only if ψ may be obtained from
Substitution_(logic)
Branch of logic using category theory to study mathematical structures
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also
Categorical_logic
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
Analysis of Logic (1847), and set forth more fully in his An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854). According to Huntington, the term Boolean algebra
Boolean_algebra
Formal language used to prove statements
In mathematical logic, a proof calculus or a proof system is built to prove statements. A proof system includes the components: Formal language: The set
Proof_calculus
Method of depicting causal relationships
the logic of how an intervention contributes to intended or observed results. Others often distinguish between short-term, medium-term, and long-term results
Logic_model
Symbol connecting formulas in logic
In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is an operator that combines or modifies
Logical_connective
System including an indeterminate value
three-valued logic (also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3VL) is any of several many-valued logic systems in which
Three-valued_logic
Form of logic that allows quantification over predicates
In logic and mathematics, second-order logic is an extension of first-order logic, which itself is an extension of propositional logic. Second-order logic
Second-order_logic
Formal systems of logic that significantly differ from standard logical systems
and logical truth. Philosophical logic is understood to encompass and focus on non-classical logics, although the term has other meanings as well. In addition
Non-classical_logic
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
1956 computer program written by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon and Cliff Shaw
Newell and Simon began to work on the Logic Theorist, the field of artificial intelligence did not yet exist; the term "artificial intelligence" would not
Logic_Theorist
Programming language that uses first order logic
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog
Prolog
Concept in Aristotelian logic
Assertoric is an adjectival expression in Aristotelian logic that refers to propositions which merely assert that something is (or is not) the case. Assertoricity
Assertoricity
Mathematical theory of data types
In mathematical logic, and theoretical computer science, type theory is the study of formal systems that classify expressions or mathematical objects
Type_theory
Low-power electronic circuits which use reversible logic to conserve energy
are low-power electronic circuits which use "reversible logic" to conserve energy. The term "adiabatic" refers to an ideal thermodynamic process in which
Adiabatic_circuit
In Aristotelian logic, dictum de omni et nullo (Latin: "the maxim of all and none") is the principle that whatever is affirmed or denied of a whole kind
Dictum_de_omni_et_nullo
a term rewriting system when two rewrite rules overlap to yield two different terms. In more detail, (t1, t2) is a critical pair if there is a term t
Critical pair (term rewriting)
Critical_pair_(term_rewriting)
Scientific work by Aristotle
The latter are the most perfect. The first figure of the syllogism (see term logic for an outline of syllogistic theory) is best adapted to demonstration
Posterior_Analytics
hypothetical, legal, poly-, prosleptic, quasi-, statistical) "History of Logic: Theophrastus of Eresus" in Encyclopædia Britannica Online. William & Martha
Prosleptic_syllogism
Reasoning about equations with free variables
logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses
Algebraic_logic
Reconfigurable digital circuit element
programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits. Unlike digital logic constructed using discrete logic gates
Programmable_logic_device
Concept in Aristotelian logic
In the system of Aristotelian logic, the triangle of opposition is a diagram[which?] representing the different ways in which each of the three propositions
Triangle_of_opposition
Class of digital circuits
Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Its name signifies that transistors perform both the logic function
Transistor–transistor_logic
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in
Many-valued_logic
Mathematical argument
Boolean logic is a system of syllogistic logic invented by 19th-century British mathematician George Boole, which attempts to incorporate the "empty set"
Boole's_syllogistic
Class of non-classical logics
Deviant logic is a type of logic incompatible with classical logic. Philosopher Susan Haack uses the term deviant logic to describe certain non-classical
Deviant_logic
"logic" (traditional Chinese: 邏輯; simplified Chinese: 逻辑; pinyin: luójí; lit. 'patrol-gather') is a loanword stemming ultimately from the Greek term.
Logic_in_China
Type of logic regarding reasoning about beliefs
Doxastic logic is a type of logic concerned with reasoning about beliefs. The term doxastic derives from the Ancient Greek δόξα (doxa, "opinion, belief")
Doxastic_logic
Failure in traditional logic to describe certain intuitively valid inferences
problem of multiple generality names a supposed failure in traditional logic to describe valid inferences that involves multiple quantifiers. For example
Problem of multiple generality
Problem_of_multiple_generality
Characteristic of some logical systems
In mathematical logic and metalogic, a formal system is called complete with respect to a particular property if every formula having the property can
Completeness_(logic)
Branch of logic
Informal logic encompasses the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting (characterized by the usage of particular statements)
Informal_logic
Type of formal logic
Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. In philosophy and related fields it is used as a tool for
Modal_logic
Term that does not contain any variables
In mathematical logic, a ground term of a formal system is a term that does not contain any variables. Similarly, a ground formula is a formula that does
Ground_expression
Strategies of rhetoric
appeal to reasoning or logic, respectively—all three of which appear in Aristotle's Rhetoric. There is also a less well-known fourth term, kairos (Ancient Greek:
Modes_of_persuasion
Immediate inference in logic
proposition § Obversion Contraposition Conversion (logic) Inference Syllogism Term logic Transposition (logic) Quoted definition is from: Brody, Bobuch A. "Glossary
Obversion
Bearer of truth values
determine the truth values of compound propositions. First-order logic extends propositional logic with additional devices to analyze the internal structure
Proposition
In term logic, a genus is one of the predicables; it is that part of a definition which is also predicable of other things different from the definiendum
Genus_(philosophy)
Binary tree representing a mathematical expression
\lor } (OR), ¬ {\displaystyle \neg } (NOT). Expression (mathematics) Term (logic) Context-free grammar Parse tree Abstract syntax tree Bruno R. Preiss
Binary_expression_tree
Non-contradiction of a theory
consistent meant in traditional Aristotelian logic, although in contemporary mathematical logic the term satisfiable is used instead. In a sound formal
Consistency
Syntactically correct logical formula
In mathematical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence
Well-formed_formula
Precisely specified semantic version of a statement
in term logic, two non-logical terms "is a man" (here M) and "is mortal" (here D): the sentence is given by the judgement A(M,D). In predicate logic, the
Logical_form
Subject and predicate in sentences
Phrase Phrase structure grammar Predicative expression Secondary predicate Term logic Topic–comment Traditional grammar Verb See for instance College Dictionary
Predicate_(grammar)
Logical incompatibility between two or more propositions
the same object and in the same respect." In modern formal logic and type theory, the term is mainly used instead for a single proposition, often denoted
Contradiction
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Harvester
Male
Finnish
Short form of Finnish Antero, TERO means "man; warrior."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Term of endearment
Girl/Female
Australian, Finnish
Hunter; Harvest / Harvester
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Petros, P�TER means "rock, stone."
Female
Hungarian
Short form of Hungarian Terézia, TERÉZ means "harvester."
Boy/Male
Dutch
Lives at the heath.
Girl/Female
American, Christian, French, Gaelic, Greek, Indian, Japanese, Latin, Sanskrit
Crag; Hill; Star
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
A Term of Endearment
Girl/Female
English American
Abbreviation of Teresa, meaning harvester.
Female
English
English pet form of Spanish Teresa, TERI means "harvester."
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Spanish Teresa, TERÉZIA means "harvester."
Boy/Male
Australian, Finnish
Man; Warrior; Plant; Earth
Female
Spanish
Short form of Spanish Teresa, TERE means "harvester."Â
Boy/Male
Australian, Japanese, Pashtun
Name of a Khattak Ancestor
Female
English
Variant of spelling English Terra, TERA means "land."
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English
Country; World
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anuska | அநà¯à®·à¯à®•à®¾
A term of endearment, Grace
Anuska | அநà¯à®·à¯à®•à®¾
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Finnish, Greek, Japanese
Harvester; Abbreviation of Teresa; Guardian; Theresa; Late Summer
Boy/Male
Hindu
Term of endearment
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
Boy/Male
Muslim
Virginity
Boy/Male
Indian
Eternal or immortal or living forever
Male
Egyptian
, an Egyptian scribe.
Female
Norwegian
Short form of Danish/Norwegian Margrethe, GRETHE means "pearl."
Girl/Female
Indian
Infinite, Endless, Eternal
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Honoured
Boy/Male
Indian
Another Name of Lord Vishnu's Vehicle Garudha
Boy/Male
Irish
Loving husband.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Lion-like
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
TERM LOGIC
adv.
Term by term; every term.
n.
In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms.
n.
The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life.
n.
A suffix or terminal formative, much used in anatomical terms, and signifying skin, integument, covering; as, blastoderm, ectoderm, etc.
n.
A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail.
n.
A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid.
n.
That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears.
n.
In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents.
v. t.
To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale.
n.
The menses.
n.
To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate.
v. t.
To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber.
n.
A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term.
v. i.
To engage in the occupation of driving a team of horses, cattle, or the like, as in conveying or hauling lumber, goods, etc.; to be a teamster.
n.
That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty.
n.
A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd in ab - cd.
n.
Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties; conditions.
n.
The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years.