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materials science, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) is a laser-based technology that uses the physical principle of interference of high-intensity
Direct laser interference patterning
Direct_laser_interference_patterning
Technique for patterning photomasks
Interference lithography (or holographic lithography) is a technique that uses coherent light (such as light from a laser) for patterning regular arrays
Interference_lithography
Materials scientist and laser expert
design of periodical structures by laser interference metallurgy” (also called “Direct Laser Interference Patterning”) at the University of Saarland. In
Andrés_Fabián_Lasagni
Using wave optics to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
a microscopic interference pattern which a plate, film, or other medium photographically records. In one common arrangement, the laser beam is split into
Holography
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
minimum pitch) required double-patterning. In H2 2018, TSMC confirmed that its 5 nm EUV scheme still used multi-patterning, also indicating that mask count
EUV_lithography
Interference phenomenon of waves
in their energy. Diffraction is the same physical effect as interference, but interference is typically used for the superposition of a few waves, while
Diffraction
New Paradigm in Laser-Based Precision Measurement and Instrumentation" Second Prize: Project Group Direct Laser Interference Patterning (Frank Mücklich
Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis
Berthold_Leibinger_Innovationspreis
Measurement method using interference of waves
in such a way that the two reflected beams combine to form interference fringes. Ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) and fibre optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are interferometers
Interferometry
Optical setup to obtain interference pattern by reflection
interferes with the direct light. In Young's experiment, the individual slits display a diffraction pattern on top of which is overlaid interference fringes from
Lloyd's_mirror
Scientific instrument measuring light collimation
simple means to observe interference and to use this phenomenon to test the collimation of light beams, especially from laser sources which have a coherence
Shearing_interferometer
Potential for two waves to interfere
controls the visibility or contrast of interference patterns. For example, visibility of the double slit experiment pattern requires that both slits be illuminated
Coherence_(physics)
Scattering of a radiation wave as it travels through a complex medium
in the interference between direct and reverse paths in the backscattering direction. When a multiply scattering medium is illuminated by a laser beam,
Coherent_backscattering
Type of photovoltaic
Solar Cells by Fabricating Periodic Surface Textures using Direct Laser Interference Patterning". Advanced Materials. 24 (7): 906–910. Bibcode:2012AdM..
Organic_solar_cell
Method of fabricating nanometer scale patterns using a special stamp
complementary stamp pattern is transferred to the remaining metal. Laser assisted direct imprint (LADI) is a rapid technique for patterning nanostructures
Nanoimprint_lithography
Process in microfabrication
rarely, nanoimprinting, interference, magnetic fields, or scanning probes. On a broader level, it may compete with directed self-assembly of micro- and
Photolithography
Method of spatial measurement using laser
or laser imaging, detection, and ranging, often stylized LiDAR) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and
Lidar
Type of image noise
speckle pattern, or speckle noise designates the granular structure observed in coherent light, resulting from random interference. Speckle patterns are used
Speckle_(interference)
Overview article
stable interference pattern. The coherence length of the laser determines the depth of field which can be recorded in the scene. A good holography laser will
Physics_of_optical_holography
Semiconductor laser
A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD or semiconductor laser or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode
Laser_diode
Common configuration for optical interferometry
superposition principle. The resulting interference pattern that is not directed back toward the source is typically directed to some type of photoelectric detector
Michelson_interferometer
Type of laser with two counter-rotating beams
In a rotating ring laser gyroscope, the two counter-propagating waves are slightly shifted in frequency and an interference pattern is observed, which
Ring_laser
Laser physicist and author/editor
(born c. 1954) is a laser physicist and author/editor of several books on tunable lasers. His research on physical optics and laser development has won
F._J._Duarte
Type of hologram
with a reference beam derived from the same laser (not shown in the diagram), and the interference pattern between object and reference beams is recorded
Rainbow_hologram
Lithography that does not use photomasks
laser pathway from reaching a substrate with a photoresist (in similar manner to digital micromirror devices). This equipment offers rapid patterning
Maskless_lithography
Ionization technique
mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create ions
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Medical diagnostic method
Laser Doppler imaging (LDI), also called laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI), is a non-contact optical technique for mapping signals related to microvascular
Laser_Doppler_imaging
Spectroscopic technique
laser excitation. Ultraviolet microscopes and UV enhanced optics must be used when a UV laser source is used for Raman microspectroscopy. In direct imaging
Raman_spectroscopy
Arrangement of mirrors
Optical cavities are a major component of lasers, surrounding the gain medium and providing feedback of the laser light. They are also used in optical parametric
Optical_cavity
Elastic interaction of x-rays with electrons
Humanities in June 1912 as "Interferenz-Erscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen" (Interference phenomena in X-rays). After seeing the initial results, Laue was walking
X-ray_diffraction
Laser communication Laser construction Laser converting Laser cooling Laser crystal Laser cutting Laser dazzler Laser designator Laser detector Laser
List_of_laser_articles
pattern is introduced, typically by delaying the two spectrally sheared copies with respect to one another. The intensity of the interference pattern
Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction
Spectral_phase_interferometry_for_direct_electric-field_reconstruction
Gravitational wave observatory site
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational
LIGO
Concept in physics
evolution of a speckle pattern where variations in the scattering elements responsible for the formation of the interference pattern in the static situation
Dynamic_speckle
Astronomical interferometer / Michelson stellar interferometer Classical interference microscopy Bath interferometer (common path) Cyclic interferometer Diffraction-grating
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Communication using lasers in outer space
Generation Satellite Laser Ranging (NGSLR) Station at NASA's Earth-based Goddard Space Flight Center. To compensate for atmospheric interference, an error correction
Laser_communication_in_space
Missile guidance method
reflected emissions, which then directs the missile to the target. The SACLOS systems do not illuminate the target with radar or laser. This was also one of the
Semi-automatic command to line of sight
Semi-automatic_command_to_line_of_sight
Atomic-scale structure formed through the Stark shift by opposing beams of light
optical lattice is formed by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic intensity pattern. The resulting periodic potential
Optical_lattice
Optical device with parallel mirrors
frequency stabilization of the main laser. The spectral response of a Fabry–Pérot resonator is based on interference between the light launched into it
Fabry–Pérot_interferometer
Type of distributed Bragg reflector constructed in a short segment of optical fiber
technique where the laser illumination came from the side of the fiber. This technique uses the interference pattern of ultraviolet laser light to create
Fiber_Bragg_grating
Interferometric arrangement
detector, forming an interference pattern that depends upon any difference in time traveling the two paths. The interference pattern can be analyzed to
Fizeau_interferometer
photographically records the electron interference pattern of an object. The hologram can then be illuminated by a laser resulting in a greatly magnified image
Common-path_interferometer
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
light-emitting devices with arbitrary patterns can be prepared. Colour patterning can be accomplished by means of a laser, such as a radiation-induced sublimation
OLED
Branch of physics that studies light
of lasers include laser printers and laser pointers. Lasers are used in medicine in areas such as bloodless surgery, laser eye surgery, and laser capture
Optics
Device used to measure gravitational waves
have been built and constantly improved. The present-day generation of laser interferometers has reached the necessary sensitivity to detect gravitational
Gravitational-wave observatory
Gravitational-wave_observatory
Directional variation in strength of radio waves
optics, lasers, and integrated optics, the term radiation pattern may also be used as a synonym for the near-field pattern or Fresnel pattern. This refers
Radiation_pattern
Optical imaging technique
smaller beam of light at one narrow depth level at a time. Thus, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) achieves a controlled and highly limited depth
Confocal_microscopy
European space mission to measure gravitational waves
local laser and one distant laser by light interference. Comparison between the observed laser beam frequency (in return beam) and the local laser beam
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna
Pakistani academic
collaborators developed methods for sub-wavelength pattern formation using multi-photon interference and atomic coherence effects. Subsequent work introduced
Suhail_Zubairy
Lighting system
electromagnetic interference in the 2.4 GHz wireless spectrum, which is used by Wi-Fi, cordless phones and satellite radio in North America. Fearing interference with
Sulfur_lamp
Type of optical diffraction grating
type of diffraction grating formed by an interference-fringe field of two laser beams whose standing-wave pattern is exposed to a set of photosensitive materials
Holographic_grating
Physics experiment in quantum mechanics
double-slit experiment, a coherent beam of light (in practice, often a laser) is directed at two (parallel) narrow vertical slits in an otherwise solid barrier
Delayed-choice_quantum_eraser
Electromagnetic quantum-mechanical effect in regions of zero magnetic and electric field
function, and the Aharonov–Bohm effect is accordingly illustrated by interference experiments. The most commonly described case, sometimes called the Aharonov–Bohm
Aharonov–Bohm_effect
Optical phenomenon
diffraction grating, save a "fork" dislocation. An incident laser beam creates a diffraction pattern with vortices whose topological charge increases with diffraction
Optical_vortex
in order to create a pattern that is layered to create a structure. The use of lasers in such a manner is known as direct laser writing (DLW) or multiphoton
3D_microfabrication
Electromechanical weight measuring instrument
dropping-mass absolute gravimeters that contain an iodine-stabilised helium–neon laser interferometer. The fringe-signal, frequency-sweep output from the interferometer
Kibble_balance
Measurement device
A laser beam profiler captures, displays, and records the spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation
Laser_beam_profiler
inner ring, which correspond to the direct ionization process. This oscillatory pattern can be interpreted as interference among the trajectories of the electrons
Quantum_microscopy
Imaging technique
coherence length (i.e., laser interferometry), interference of light occurs over a distance of meters. In OCT, this interference is shortened to a distance
Optical_coherence_tomography
Ionization technique
(DESI), direct analysis in real time (DART) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), where the droplets, gas or laser come into direct contact
Laser diode thermal desorption
Laser_diode_thermal_desorption
Device that converts sound into an electrical signal
devices such as interference tubes, can further alter a microphone's directional response. A microphone's directionality or polar pattern indicates how
Microphone
Range imaging camera system
the desired time period. These devices measure the direct time-of-flight required for a single laser pulse to leave the camera and reflect back onto the
Time-of-flight_camera
Range of physical processes in physics
localization. Not all single scattering is random, however. A well-controlled laser beam can be exactly positioned to scatter off a microscopic particle with
Scattering
Electromagnetic wave that is not pulsed
the self-interference problems inherent in monostatic CW radars. In laser physics and engineering, "continuous wave" or "CW" refers to a laser that produces
Continuous_wave
Soviet/Russian guided 152/155 mm artillery shell
bleed-assisted, semi-automatic laser-guided artillery weapon system. It automatically 'homes' on a point illuminated by a laser designator, typically operated
Krasnopol_(weapon_system)
Experimental process
laboratories. In contrast, LASER probing utilizes a hand-held UV lamp (20 W) for excitation, it is much easier to apply LASER probing for in vivo studying
Nucleic acid structure determination
Nucleic_acid_structure_determination
Colour in living creatures caused by interference effects
1803 that light could diffract from sharp edges or slits, creating interference patterns. In his 1892 book Animal Coloration, Frank Evers Beddard (1858–1925)
Structural_coloration
Device that amplifies an optical signal
it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed
Optical_amplifier
Body hair removal
permanent hair removal method recognized by the FDA. Laser hair removal (lasers and laser diodes): Laser hair removal technology became widespread in the
Hair_removal
South Korean physical chemist (born 1972)
laser photochemistry, and nanomaterials. He is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at Gyeongsang National University, where he also directs the
Choi_Myong_Yong
Interferometer which uses the wave-like nature of atoms
atoms in order to produce interference. In atom interferometers, the roles of matter and light are reversed compared to the laser based interferometers,
Atom_interferometer
Method of microscopic imaging
characteristic is translational invariance, which means that the interference patterns are generated by one constant function (e.g. a field of illumination
Ptychography
Optical component which splits light into several beams
holographic interference patterns. A holographic grating has sinusoidal grooves as the result of an optical sinusoidal interference pattern on the grating
Diffraction_grating
Measuring instrument for surface profile and roughness
light interferometry, phase-shifting interferometry, and differential interference contrast microscopy (Nomarski microscopy); focus detection methods such
Profilometer
Method to measure velocities in fluid
laser sources, cameras, and image analysis techniques. Advances in laser technology have led to the use of high-power lasers, such as Nd:YAG lasers and
Particle_image_velocimetry
Proposed technological device
interference pattern created by two beams from an emitter. When the beams are manipulated correctly the target is drawn along with the interference pattern
Tractor_beam
History of research by Augustin-Jean Fresnel
separately polarized, the interference pattern appeared and disappeared as the polarization of one beam was rotated, giving full interference for parallel polarizations
Fresnel's_physical_optics
Noise that reduces quantization error
speckled appearance. Dithering introduces noise or a pattern into an image, and often the patterning is visible. In these circumstances, it has been shown
Dither
Component of stress coplanar with a material cross section
a sensor was demonstrated by A. A. Naqwi and W. C. Reynolds. The interference pattern generated by sending a beam of light through two parallel slits forms
Shear_stress
Aspect of relativity in physics
Einstein Telescope, is under development. A space-based observatory, the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), is also being developed by the European
Gravitational_wave
Dynamic collection of drops dispersed in a gas
At the heart of the method are crossed laser beams that create interference patterns (regular spaced pattern of light and dark lines) and illuminate
Spray_(liquid_drop)
Nonlinear optical process
prototype behavior of waves, SHG is widely used, for example, in doubling laser frequencies. SHG was initially discovered as a nonlinear optical process
Second-harmonic_generation
Historically important optical effect
could explain phenomena such as diffraction and interference. Today it is known that a diffraction pattern appears through the mosaic-like buildup of bright
Arago_spot
Re-arrangement of viral components into solid crystal particles
this case refers to the interference of scattered waves emitted in different directions across the lattice. Diffraction patterns depend on internal order
Virus_crystallisation
Vacuum tube used to display images
TVFAQ: CRT purity and convergence problems". repairfaq.org. "Moiré Interference Patterns". DisplayMate Technologies website. Retrieved 4 October 2006. "What
Cathode_ray_tube
welding laser. The beam enters the keyhole of the weld and is reflected back into the head optics by the bottom of the keyhole. An interference pattern is
Weld_quality_assurance
Relation in quantum optics
Englert–Greenberger relation, relates the visibility, V {\displaystyle V} , of interference fringes with the definiteness, or distinguishability, D {\displaystyle
Wave–particle duality relation
Wave–particle_duality_relation
Optoelectronics component
based on superluminescence. It combines the high power and brightness of laser diodes with the low coherence of conventional light-emitting diodes. Its
Superluminescent_diode
Inelastic scattering of photons by matter
vibrational energy being gained by a molecule as incident photons from a visible laser are shifted to lower energy. This is called normal Stokes-Raman scattering
Raman_scattering
Brevity code for NATO communications
stated activity (e.g., CEASE BUZZER, LASER, SPARKLE, TORCH).* CEASE ENGAGEMENT A fire control order used to direct air defense units to stop tactical action
Multi-service tactical brevity code
Multi-service_tactical_brevity_code
Continuously computed dead reckoning
together. This is known as a lock-in, or laser-lock. The result is that there is no change in the interference pattern and therefore no measurement change
Inertial_navigation_system
American physicist
interactions on the two sides would result in a fringe shift of the atomic interference pattern. This allowed for precise measurements of atomic polarizability,
David_E._Pritchard
Baseband analog video signal format
home analog video equipment record a signal in (roughly) composite format: LaserDiscs and type C videotape for example store a true composite signal modulated
Composite_video
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
Ezawa, H. (1989). "Demonstration of single-electron buildup of an interference pattern". American Journal of Physics. 57 (2). American Association of Physics
Matter_wave
according to Toei Animation's promotional material, and do not reflect the pattern in which the series was broadcast or produced. This episode was originally
List of Dragon Ball Super episodes
List_of_Dragon_Ball_Super_episodes
High-resolution technique in gesture recognition and image processing
that are completely unaffected by magnetic interference. a tracking of the location of the markers and patterns in 3D is performed, the system identifies
Finger_tracking
Technology for measuring surface waves on water
applications where it is important to avoid direct contact with the water surface and avoid structural interference. A typical case is wave measurements from
Wave_radar
Physical implementation of an artificial neural network with optical components
Zhu, Shengting; Hu, Jinming; Gu, Min (6 October 2024). "Femtosecond laser direct nanolithography of perovskite hydration for temporally programmable holograms"
Optical_neural_network
Wave phenomenon
constructive interference. If the distance to each source is an integer plus one half of a wavelength, there will be complete destructive interference. Usually
Diffraction_from_slits
Modified form of the Michelson–Morley experiment, testing special relativity
took place, the interferometer was made extremely stable and the interference patterns were photographed for later comparison. The tests were done over
Kennedy–Thorndike_experiment
First pilot of Star Trek: The Original Series
all-color versions were also released in various home media formats, including LaserDisc, VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray. The story concerns a starship crew's investigation
The Cage (Star Trek: The Original Series)
The_Cage_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)
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