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Enzyme which catalyzes a dismutation reaction
v t e A dismutase is an enzyme that catalyzes a dismutation reaction. Formaldehyde dismutase Superoxide dismutase Chlorite dismutase Eric J. Toone (2006)
Dismutase
Class of enzymes
Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is any of a family of enzymes that alternately catalyze the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O−
Superoxide_dismutase
Protein-coding gene in humans
Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] also known as superoxide dismutase 1 or hSod1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOD1 gene, located on chromosome
SOD1
Nitrite dismutase (EC 1.7.6.1, Prolixin S, Nitrophorin 7) is an enzyme with systematic name nitrite:nitrite oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the
Nitrite_dismutase
Enzyme that catalyses reduction of superoxides
superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) is a metalloenzyme that belongs to the superoxide dismutases family of enzymes. Like other superoxide dismutases, it catalyses
Iron_superoxide_dismutase
Enzyme
Superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial (SOD2), also known as manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), is an enzyme which in humans is encoded
SOD2
In enzymology, formaldehyde dismutase (EC 1.2.98.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 formaldehyde + H2O formic acid
Formaldehyde_dismutase
Synthetic compounds
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics are synthetic compounds that mimic the native superoxide dismutase enzyme. SOD mimetics effectively convert the superoxide
Superoxide_dismutase_mimetics
Enzyme
Chlorite dismutase, also known as Chlorite O2-lyase (EC 1.13.11.49), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ClO−2 → Cl− + O2 Reactions that
Chlorite_dismutase
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
glutathione, mycothiol, or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, inhibit damage from oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants are vitamins
Antioxidant
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SOD3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) protein
SOD3
Medication
an antisense oligonucleotide that targets the production of superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme whose mutant form is commonly associated with ALS. It is
Tofersen
Protein family
Nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD) is a metalloenzyme that, like the other superoxide dismutases, protects cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing
Nickel_superoxide_dismutase
Rare neurodegenerative disease
with ALS have a ~1% risk of developing ALS themselves. SOD (superoxide dismutase) refers to a group of enzymes that target and reduce the presence of harmful
ALS
American biochemist
foremost expertise is superoxide anion and its functional enzyme superoxide dismutase. Valentine has been a member of the faculty of the University of California
Joan_S._Valentine
Insufficient level of copper in the body, leading to anaemia and nervous symptoms
mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceruloplasmin, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, and in amine oxidases. These enzymes catalyze reactions for oxidative
Copper_deficiency
Essential elements required by organisms
superoxide dismutase Cytochrome c oxidase Fe Fe3+, Fe2+ Aconitase Succinate dehydrogenase Cytochromes Nitrite reductase Mn Mn2+ Mn-superoxide dismutase Malic
Micronutrient
experiments with simulated cells in 1976 and found that the enzyme superoxide dismutase protected the cells from free radicals generated by ionizing radiation
Petkau_effect
American biochemist (born 1945)
Fridovich were the first to describe the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. McCord joined the board of directors of the LifeVantage Corporation (makers
Joe_M._McCord
Diseases caused by abnormal protein structure
amyloidosis, tauopathy, synucleinopathy, and the aggregation of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), polyglutamine, and TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). In all
Proteinopathy
Research of Down syndrome–related genes
(but not all) studies have shown that the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme is elevated in Down syndrome. SOD converts oxygen radicals to hydrogen
Down_syndrome_research
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
with its formation, superoxide is destroyed by the action of superoxide dismutases, enzymes that catalyze its disproportionation: 2 O−2 + 2H+ → O2 + H2O2
Reactive_oxygen_species
Nutritional supplement
extract, which typically contains high quantities of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) Gliadin, a wheat protein designed to protect SOD during the digestive
Glisodin
Protein-coding gene in humans
Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase is a metalloprotein that is responsible for the delivery of Cu to superoxide dismutase (SOD1). CCS is a 54kDa protein
CCS_(gene)
Chemical element with atomic number 29 (Cu)
electron transfer to oxygen. Copper is also found in many superoxide dismutases, proteins that catalyze the decomposition of superoxides by converting
Copper
Protein that contains a metal ion cofactor
be destroyed before it does unwanted damage in a cell. The superoxide dismutase enzymes perform this function very efficiently. The formal oxidation state
Metalloprotein
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
acetylcholinesterase, catalase, fumarase, β-lactamase, and superoxide dismutase. The turnover of such enzymes can reach several million reactions per
Enzyme
American baseball player (1903–1941)
Structure and Instability of the A4V Mutant of Human Cu, Zn Superoxide Dismutase". Journal of Molecular Biology. 324 (2): 247–256. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)01090-2
Lou_Gehrig
Reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondria
hydrogen peroxide by two dismutases including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in mitochondrial matrix and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in mitochondrial
Mitochondrial_ROS
Microorganisms whose metabolism is not dependent on, and not poisoned by, oxygen
without it.[citation needed] Most aerotolerant anaerobes have superoxide dismutase and (non-catalase) peroxidase but do not have catalase. More specifically
Aerotolerant_anaerobe
American biochemist (1929-2019)
McCord, discovered the enzymatic activity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD),—to protect organisms from the toxic effects of superoxide free
Irwin_Fridovich
Informal group of reptiles
breeding colors. By manipulating superoxide levels (using a superoxide dismutase mimetic) it was shown that this fading coloration is likely due to gradual
Lizard
Harmful effects of certain metals
soluble compounds which interfere with enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Only soluble metal-containing compounds
Metal_toxicity
Genetic disorder
this area including genes for the amyloid precursor protein, superoxide dismutase, and likely the ETS2 proto oncogene. Other research, however, has not
Down_syndrome
Tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens
glutathione peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferases, peroxiredoxins, superoxide dismutases, thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxins. Deficiencies in the availability
Epididymis
Species of archaeon
creation of diols for laboratory and industrial purposes. Certain superoxide dismutases found in P. furiosus can be introduced into plants to increase their tolerance
Pyrococcus_furiosus
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
is an integral part of the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and has a role in iron homeostasis as a cofactor in ceruloplasmin. Changes
Homeostasis
American molecular epidemiologist
dissertation was titled Interactions of lifestyle factors, manganese superoxide dismutase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and the risk of breast cancer. Andrew F
Mia_M._Gaudet
Enzyme family protecting the organism from oxidative damages
glutathione peroxidase along with other antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase was not associated with coronary heart disease risk in women
Glutathione_peroxidase
The structural genes under this regulon include sodA (Mn-superoxide dismutase(SOD)), zwf (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)), acnA (aconitase
Oxidation_response
Genus of bacteria
ISSN 2214-7993. Archibald FS, Fridovich I (June 1981). "Manganese, superoxide dismutase, and oxygen tolerance in some lactic acid bacteria". Journal of Bacteriology
Lactobacillus
Species of sea anemone
the host. The anemones, in turn, produce antioxidants called superoxide dismutases to protect against reactive oxygen that causes oxidative stress. The aggregating
Aggregating_anemone
1974 – T4 phage lysozyme 1974 – Immunoglobulins 1975 – Cu,Zn Superoxide dismutase 1976 – Transfer RNA 1976 – Triose phosphate isomerase 1976 – Rhizopuspepsin
List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures
List_of_biophysically_important_macromolecular_crystal_structures
Tea made by infusing mint leaves
increasing the activity of the cell-protecting antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Peppermint has been shown to suppress viruses
Mint_tea_(herbal_tea)
Chemical elements essential for life
zinc toxicity Manganese 2.3/1.8 11; NE Required co-factor for superoxide dismutase Grains, legumes, seeds, nuts, leafy vegetables, tea, coffee manganese
Mineral_(nutrient)
German breed of dog
prevalence of the canine degenerative myelopathy associated superoxide dismutase 1 mutation (SOD1:c.118G > A) in a referral population of German Shepherd
German_Shepherd
Person who has turned 100 years old
Andersen-Ranberg K, Grandjean P (September 1998). "Low activity of superoxide dismutase and high activity of glutathione reductase in erythrocytes from centenarians"
Centenarian
Chemical compound, [NH3OH]Cl
formation from hydroxylammoniumchloride: a simple assay for superoxide dismutase". Anal. Biochem. 70 (2): 616–20. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(76)90488-7. PMID 817618
Hydroxylammonium_chloride
Species of bacterium that can cause meningitis
intracellular oxidative killing by producing catalase and superoxide dismutase and ability to avoid complement mediated killing (fHbp). Meningococci
Neisseria_meningitidis
Species of deer
canadensis) with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes Does Not Induce Adequate Protection against
Elk
Chemical compound
the activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically that of superoxide dismutase, responsible for the formation and consumption of lipid peroxides and
Emoxypine
Species of bacteria
temperatures in the absence of oxygen. C. difficile is catalase- and superoxide dismutase-negative, and produces up to three types of toxins: enterotoxin A, cytotoxin
Clostridioides_difficile
Tissue damage after return of blood supply following ischemia or hypoxia
mesenchymal stem cells on heart and kidney reperfusion injury. Superoxide dismutase is an effective anti-oxidant enzyme which converts superoxide anions to
Reperfusion_injury
Synthetic peptide
epitalon increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Epitalon reduced
Epitalon
Cellular mechanism
critical enzyme in counteracting the toxicity of these species is superoxide dismutase, which is present in both the mitochondria and cytoplasm of eukaryotic
DNA_repair
Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)
Other nickel-bearing enzymes include a rare bacterial class of superoxide dismutase and glyoxalase I enzymes in bacteria and several eukaryotic trypanosomal
Nickel
RNA family
In Streptomyces sodF and sodN genes produce FeSOD and NiSOD superoxide dismutases containing Fe and Ni respectively. Their expression is inversely regulated
S-SodF_RNA
Species of edible fungus
Other anti-aging effects come from increasing the presence of superoxide dismutase in the brain and liver; it is an enzyme that acts as a potent antioxidant
Tremella_fuciformis
Chemical compound
(cytochrome c oxidase), antioxidant defense (ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), detoxification (metallothioneins), blood clotting (blood clotting
Copper_peptide_GHK-Cu
Studies have shown that synthetic catalytic scavengers have superoxide dismutase and catalase activities which prevented injuries from reactive oxygen
Synthetic_catalytic_scavenger
Any chemical compound having at least one nickel atom
catalyse the reduction of carbon monoxide to acetyl-CoA. Nickel superoxide dismutase (or Ni-SOD) from Streptomyces contains six nickel atoms. The nickel holding
Nickel_compounds
Evolutionarily unrelated enzymes that catalyze the same chemical reaction
superoxide dismutase family of enzymes which contains three distinct forms (EC 1.15.1.1) Fe,Mn superoxide dismutase Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase Nickel superoxide
Non-homologous isofunctional enzymes
Non-homologous_isofunctional_enzymes
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
damage and to repair damage that occurs, such as the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In addition
Radical_(chemistry)
Medical condition
stimulates the development and activity of other enzymes. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the principal antioxidant in mitochondria. Several enzymes
Manganese deficiency (medicine)
Manganese_deficiency_(medicine)
Reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
include vitamin C and vitamin E. Additionally, enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase contribute to the oxidation response by reducing
Lipid_peroxidation
(1929–2019), American biochemist who discovered and studied superoxide dismutase Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), Swedish mycologist and botanist, one of
List_of_biologists
Cell type
alcohol dehydrogenase subforms, they secrete significantly less superoxide dismutase 3, according to another. List of human cell types derived from the germ
Corneal_keratocyte
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
valuable for immune response is cortisol's stimulation of the superoxide dismutase, since this copper enzyme is almost certainly used by the body to permit
Cortisol
Medical condition
turn activates caspase-7 and might lead to apoptosis. Also, superoxide dismutase levels are elevated, while catalase levels are decreased, which causes
Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_2
Chemical compound
metastasis and angiogenesis. Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibits superoxide dismutase, which can both have antioxidant and oxidant effects on cells, depending
Sodium_diethyldithiocarbamate
Protein in wheat and other cereals
as a useful delivery method for sensitive enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, which is fused with gliadin to form glisodin). This helps protect them
Gliadin
Primary type of cell found in the epidermis
play a key role in epidermal stem cell aging. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) ordinarily protects against ROS. Loss of SOD2 in mouse epidermal
Keratinocyte
Paleoproterozoic surge in atmospheric oxygen
oxygen-producing photosynthesis but had not yet evolved enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase) for living in an oxygenated environment. These cyanobacteria would have
Great_Oxidation_Event
Chelating agent containing zinc and carnosine
2 mg/day copper as glycinate chelate safely increases Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activity. There is no evidence of a reduced tumor response to radiotherapy
Zinc_L-carnosine
Visual tool used to understand how human blood carries and releases oxygen
biochemical damage, but is neutralised by the action of the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP), also known as OXY111A, is an inositol
Oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxygen–hemoglobin_dissociation_curve
Russian-American Biophysicist, academic and researcher
formation. He also discovered post-translational modifications of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in human erythrocytes, and found that glutathionylation promotes
Nikolay_Dokholyan
Free-radical aging theory
blocking the production of the naturally occurring antioxidant superoxide dismutase has been shown to increase lifespan. Whether reducing oxidative damage
Free-radical_theory_of_aging
Chemical compound
cellular damage [citation needed]. However, sodium azide, superoxide dismutase, and catalase have been seen to inhibit the autoxidation of myricetin
Myricetin
American brewmaster
titled "Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular systems consisting of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and trehalose provide protection against oxidative stress
Keith_Villa
Transfer of genes from unrelated organisms
horizontal transfer. The strikingly fish-like copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of Photobacterium leiognathi is most easily explained in terms of transfer
Horizontal_gene_transfer
Phylum of photosynthesising prokaryotes
the cell (mediated mostly by an enzymatic system involving a superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and causes molecular damage. (3)
Cyanobacteria
Redox reaction whose products have higher and lower oxidation states than the reactant
peroxide and oxygen, catalysed in living systems by the enzyme superoxide dismutase: 2 O−2 + 2 H+ → H2O2 + O2 The oxidation state of oxygen is −1⁄2 in the
Disproportionation
Microorganism killed by normal atmospheric levels of oxygen
microbes, including obligate anaerobes. Aerobic organisms produce superoxide dismutase and catalase to detoxify these products, but obligate anaerobes produce
Obligate_anaerobe
Type of alkaloid
kilogram body weight in rats has been shown to increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in skeletal muscle, liver, and kidneys. Also, a diet based
Avenanthramide
DNA located in mitochondria
(ROS) production and enzymatic ROS scavenging (by enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and others). However, some mutations
Mitochondrial_DNA
American biophysicist
in 1970, where they solved the first crystal structure of superoxide dismutase (2SOD). By 1977 she published her findings on protein relatedness in Nature
Jane_S._Richardson
Discarded electronic devices (E-Waste)
decreased catalase activity, and significant increases in superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels. The Occupational Safety & Health
Electronic_waste
Species of bacterium
nutrient-limited host environment. T. pallidum lacks enzyme orthologs for superoxide dismutase, however it does possess a superoxide reductase, maintaining the ability
Treponema_pallidum
nitrogen fixation. Of more relevance to human biology, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase protects cells from oxidative stress by converting superoxide, O2−, to
Heterobimetallic_catalysis
Chemical reaction mechanism
of coupled proton and electron transfers in human manganese superoxide dismutase". Nature Communications. 12 (1) 2079. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.2079A. doi:10
Proton-coupled electron transfer
Proton-coupled_electron_transfer
Species of bacterium
actinobacterium isolated using an agar medium supplemented with superoxide dismutase, and proposal of Patulibacteraceae fam. nov". International Journal of
Patulibacter_minatonensis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase for dishevelled-1, targets mutant superoxide dismutase-1". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (12): 11327–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312389200. PMID 14684739
SSR4
Deep sea oxygen created by electrolysis
O2 and water either biotically, through enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase, or abiotically, via reactions with ferrous iron and other
Dark_oxygen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ischemia and reperfusion injury by the increased activity of superoxide dismutase". Neurochem. Res. 37 (1): 153–60. doi:10.1007/s11064-011-0593-0. PMID 21935731
MT-RNR2-like_1
Central nervous system disease
missense mutations in the gene encoding the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were discovered in a subset of patients with familial ALS. More
Neurodegenerative_disease
American biochemist (born 1940)
in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 247 (10): 3170–5. doi:10
Hara_P._Misra
Topics referred to by the same term
compound thioxoethenylidene CCS (gene), a copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Chronic Covid Syndrome, long-term medical symptoms Collision cross-section
CCS
Indian consumer goods company
administered by intraperitoneal injection, concluding that the superoxide dismutase present in Aloe vera mediated the inflammation by increasing macrophage
Brihans_Natural_Products
Chemical compound
(March 1998). "Effect of the MAO-B inhibitor, MDL72974, on superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation levels in the mouse brain". Synapse. 28
Mofegiline
Chemical element with atomic number 25 (Mn)
enzymes containing manganese are arginase and a Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Some reverse transcriptases of many retroviruses (although not
Manganese
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