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Computer vegetation model
A Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) is a computer program that simulates shifts in potential vegetation and its associated biogeochemical and hydrological
Dynamic global vegetation model
Dynamic_global_vegetation_model
Assemblage of plant species
community, but "vegetation" can, and often does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales as large as the global. Primeval
Vegetation
Fertilization from increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
2000s. Earth System Models, Land System Models and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models are used to investigate and interpret vegetation trends related to increasing
CO2_fertilization_effect
Type of climate model
and global climate models are used for weather forecasting, understanding the climate, and forecasting climate change. Atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) model the
General_circulation_model
Typically mathematical representation of an ecological system
portal Compartmental models in epidemiology Dynamic global vegetation model Ecological forecasting Gordon Arthur Riley Land Surface Model (LSM version 1.0)
Ecosystem_model
to environmental change and is, therefore, classified as a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) This new version of IBIS has improved representations
Integrated Biosphere Simulator
Integrated_Biosphere_Simulator
measurements. The Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model is a global vegetation model for use with the Earth System Modeling Framework. Earth's energy
Biosphere_model
uses dynamic global vegetation model approaches to simulate the carbon cycle of forests on a continental scale (e.g. for the whole Amazon,). The model can
FORMIND
3D landscape generation software
Compatible with PlantFactory Vegetation assets Standard atmospheric model Spectral atmospheric model Photometric atmospheric model Atmosphere presets Procedural
E-on_Vue
Field of study
Biostatistics Census of Marine Life Climate change Dynamic global vegetation model Ecosystem model Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Mathematical and theoretical
Ecological_forecasting
Mathematical model of atmospheric motions
atmospheric science, an atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive, dynamical equations which govern atmospheric
Atmospheric_model
Atmospheric constituent and greenhouse gas
2000s. Earth System Models, Land System Models and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models are used to investigate and interpret vegetation trends related to increasing
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Earth
Carbon_dioxide_in_the_atmosphere_of_Earth
MAgPIE is a non-linear, recursive, dynamic-optimization, global land and water-use model with a cost-minimization objective function. MAgPIE was developed
MAgPIE
Weather prediction using mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans
weather predictions produced realistic results. A number of global and regional forecast models are run in different countries worldwide, using current weather
Numerical_weather_prediction
Brazilian scientist and meteorologist
and studied Dynamic Meteorology of the Tropical Region with Jule Charney and Jagadish Shukla, pioneers in the construction of climate models, until 1982
Carlos_Nobre_(scientist)
Swiss paleoecologist
analysis, sedimentary ancient DNA, and dynamic vegetation modelling to reconstruct interactions among climate, vegetation, and human activity over timescales
Willy_Tinner
Class of climate models
statistical-dynamical models, energy moisture balance models, quasi-geostrophic models, and primitive equation models. Of the 15 models in the community
Earth systems model of intermediate complexity
Earth_systems_model_of_intermediate_complexity
Climate change scientist
disturbances have on vegetation and carbon budgets, for example her work was part of the first dynamic global vegetation model MC1. Her contributions
Dominique_Bachelet
Quantitative methods used to simulate climate
(radiative-convective models) and horizontally. More complex models are the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice global climate models. These types of models solve the
Climate_model
Aspect of meteorological history
output of dynamical models with the most recent surface observations and the forecast point's climatology. This technique can correct for model resolution
History of numerical weather prediction
History_of_numerical_weather_prediction
Abrupt changes in structure and function of systems
the modelled vegetation-atmosphere system at multiple scales. Biogeosciences 7, 1237–1245 Dekker, S.C., et al. (2007) Coupling microscale vegetation-soil
Regime_shift
structure of vegetation is critically important for a wide array of sub-disciplines in ecology, conservation, natural resource management, and global change
NCSA_Brown_Dog
Rainfall-runoff-subsurface runoff simulation model
Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a dynamic rainfall–runoff–subsurface runoff simulation model used for single-event to long-term (continuous)
Storm_Water_Management_Model
Hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war
crop failure, a global nuclear famine, and an animal mass extinction event. Climate researchers study nuclear winter via computer models and scenarios.
Nuclear_winter
Stability of soil or rock slopes
water retention, more infiltration, and less runoff. The presence of vegetation does not directly impact the angle of repose, but it acts as a stabilizing
Slope_stability
Holocene climate period during which northern Africa was wetter than today
Multistability and Abrupt Transitions – Method Studies with a Global Atmosphere-Vegetation Model Simulating the End of the African Humid Period (PhD thesis)
African_humid_period
Feedback related to climate change
wildfires. Feedback strengths and relationships are estimated through global climate models, with their estimates calibrated against observational data whenever
Climate_change_feedbacks
(1992). "Biozones: vegetation units defined by functional characters identifiable with the aid of satellite sensor images". Global Ecology and Biogeography
Ecosystem_Functional_Type
Geologic events off the Alaska coast
bay as its momentum carried it upslope. The wave caused damage to the vegetation up the headlands around the area where the rockfall occurred, up to a
1958 Lituya Bay earthquake and megatsunami
1958_Lituya_Bay_earthquake_and_megatsunami
Game engine by Crytek
and dynamic soft shadows with penumbra Irradiance Volume Deferred lighting Real time dynamic global illumination Eye adaptation and high-dynamic-range
CryEngine
Method in computer modeling
other estimation methods is that the computer model is a dynamical model, i.e. the model describes how model variables change over time, and its firm mathematical
Data_assimilation
Global network of micrometeorological towers
execution and testing of a variety of biogeochemical/biophysical/ecosystem dynamic models and satellite-based remote sensing algorithms. During the second stage
FLUXNET
Long-term weather pattern of a region
and so only a few global datasets exist. Global climate models can be dynamically or statistically downscaled to regional climate models to analyze impacts
Climate
American hydrologist (1928–2021)
was an American hydrologist, author of Dynamic Hydrology and Ecohydrology: Darwinian Expression of Vegetation Form and Function. He taught at the Massachusetts
Peter_S._Eagleson
Canadian ecologist
Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System, which is a national effort that aims to coordinate surface dynamic modelling of the Earth's surface. He is
Edward_A._Johnson_(ecologist)
IAM frequently used is the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model developed by William Nordhaus. The DICE model uses discount rates, uncertainty
Economic analysis of climate change
Economic_analysis_of_climate_change
Ecological theory
intervention closed-canopy forest would dominate the global temperate regions as the potential natural vegetation. This is also the concept that was advocated
Wood-pasture_hypothesis
Process by which fertile areas of land become increasingly arid
activities. The immediate cause of desertification is the loss of most vegetation. This is driven by a number of factors, alone or in combination, such
Desertification
Accumulation of partially decayed vegetation
global CO2 emissions). Globally, peat stores up to 550 Gt of carbon, 42% of all soil carbon, which exceeds the carbon stored in all other vegetation types
Peat
Atmospheric measurement technique
verification and tuning of global climate models, mesoscale and weather models, complex biogeochemical and ecological models, and remote sensing estimates
Eddy_covariance
System to capture, manage, and present geographic data
at a certain point. More detail can be added to the model, such as terrain roughness, vegetation types and soil types, which can influence infiltration
Geographic_information_system
Field of scientific study
Lixin; Good, Stephen; Caylor, Kelly (13 September 2014). "Global synthesis of vegetation control on evapotranspiration partitioning". Geophysical Research
Ecohydrology
Displacement of soil by water, wind, and lifeforms
(15 September 2006). "Modeling vegetation coverage and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau Area of China". Ecological Modelling. 198 (1–2): 263–8. Bibcode:2006EcMod
Soil_erosion
Swiss ecologist
of dynamic models simulating species spread across landscapes and to long-term monitoring plots used to test ecological predictions under global environmental
Antoine_Guisan
System of surface and deep currents in the Atlantic Ocean
January 2017). "The effect of model bias on Atlantic freshwater transport and implications for AMOC bi-stability". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Atlantic_meridional_overturning_circulation
Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change
precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere". Globally, the two most important carbon sinks are vegetation and the ocean. To enhance the ability of ecosystems
Climate_change_mitigation
Scientific study of climate
are obtained by using numerical methods to create global climate models. Climate is sometimes modeled as a stochastic process but this is generally accepted
Climatology
Type of computational models
earliest agent-based models in concept was Thomas Schelling's segregation model, which was discussed in his paper "Dynamic Models of Segregation" in 1971
Agent-based_model
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
By the most general biophysiological definition, the biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships
Biosphere
Computer graphics simulation of deformable objects
relatively weak forces. Deformable body Dynamical simulation Rigid body dynamics Strength of materials Cloth modeling Breast physics Nealen, Müller, Keiser
Soft-body_dynamics
Wildland-ocean interface
Engel, Vic; Fuentes, Jose D. (2013). "Vegetation-microclimate feedbacks in woodland-grassland ecotones". Global Ecology and Biogeography. 22 (4): 364–379
Marine_coastal_ecosystem
Natural processes of carbon exchange
terrestrial biomass. Recent rates of global emissions directly into the atmosphere have exceeded the uptake by vegetation and the oceans. These sinks have
Carbon_cycle
Method of spatial measurement using laser
ability to filter out reflections from vegetation from the point cloud model to create a digital terrain model which represents ground surfaces such as
Lidar
Wetlands in India as per Ramsar list
wetlands are one of the most threatened of all ecosystems in India. Loss of vegetation, salinization, excessive inundation, water pollution, invasive species
List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India
Type of soil in frozen state
2021). "Constraining Dynamic Sediment-Discharge Relationships in Cold Environments: The Sediment-Availability-Transport (SAT) Model". Water Resources Research
Permafrost
Situation where cities are warmer than surrounding areas
algorithm to characterize surface urban heat islands on a global scale and examine vegetation control on their spatiotemporal variability". International
Urban_heat_island
Mathematical model of eutrophication effects in shallow lakes
PCLake is a dynamic, mathematical model used to study eutrophication effects in shallow lakes and ponds. PCLake models explicitly the most important biotic
PCLake
Type of artificial intelligence model trained on Earth observation and geoscientific data
architectures track long-term deforestation trends, model carbon biomass reserves, isolate vegetation changes, and manage building extraction footprints
Geospatial_foundation_model
Earthquake probability in a specific area and time
ground acceleration) in 30 years, based on the 2014 USGS NSHMP hazard model." Global seismic hazard maps similarly present the level of certain ground motions
Seismic_hazard
Marsh subject to tidal change in water
Thomas; Kelly, Maggi (2014-02-13). "Modeling Tidal Marsh Distribution with Sea-Level Rise: Evaluating the Role of Vegetation, Sediment, and Upland Habitat in
Tidal_marsh
Third planet from the Sun
landmasses. Most of Earth's land is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation, while large ice sheets at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than
Earth
Classification system for Earth's landforms based on the work on N. M. Fenneman
regions in which its parks are located. Originally used in North America, the model became the basis for similar classifications of other continents. During
Physiographic_region
Gas layer surrounding Earth
of aviation Global dimming Global surface temperature Greenhouse effect Hydrosphere Lithosphere Reference atmospheric model "Gateway to Astronaut Photos
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Continent
jungle (rainforest) regions. In between, there is a convergence, where vegetation patterns such as sahel and steppe dominate. Africa is the hottest continent
Africa
Interdisciplinary field of hydrology, mechanics and meteorology
snow models were thought to perform poorly in regions with complex factors that regulate snowmelt, such as vegetation cover and terrain. These models compute
Snow_science
ocean biogeochemistry (NEMO-PISCES), and the ORCHIDEE model for land surfaces. A new dynamical core for the atmosphere, known as DYNAMICO, is now coupled
Climate_of_France
When an ecosystem does not drastically change over time even after perturbation
of large and heterogeneous ecological networks, stability can be modeled using dynamic Jacobian ensembles. These show that scale and heterogeneity can
Ecological_stability
Impacts of climate change on the Arctic
January 2017). "The effect of model bias on Atlantic freshwater transport and implications for AMOC bi-stability". Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
Climate_change_in_the_Arctic
Study of organisms and their environment
Leemans, R.; Monserud, R. A.; Solomon, A. M. (1992). "Special paper: A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate"
Ecology
Estimation of the production of a wind farm
(hilly) or there are changes in roughness (the height of vegetation or buildings). Wind flow modeling software, based on either the traditional WAsP linear
Wind_resource_assessment
Measure of the ability of a porous material to allow fluids to pass through it
which relates discharge (flow rate) and fluid physical properties (e.g. dynamic viscosity), to a pressure gradient applied to the porous media: v = k η
Permeability_(porous_media)
Unusual, severe or unseasonal weather
events on all continents. Current evidence and climate models show that an increasing global temperature will intensify extreme weather events around
Extreme_weather
Study of the Earth's atmosphere
cyclones, extratropical cyclones, jet streams, and global-scale circulations. The goal of dynamical studies is to explain the observed circulations on
Atmospheric_science
Climate interval
continental distribution, topography and vegetation changes on the climate at the Middle Miocene: a model study". Climate of the Past. 6 (5): 675–694
Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum
Middle_Miocene_Climatic_Optimum
Park in Khlong Toei, Bangkok, Thailand
and the city skyline, February 2024 Elevated walkway among vegetation, February 2024 Vegetation, elevated walkway and buildings, February 2024 The planted
Benjakitti_Park
CFCs, and 0.8 °C from increased CO2 due to UV vegetation damage. Drew Shindell has used climate models to assess both climate change and ozone depletion
Ozone depletion and climate change
Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change
Climate scientist
of Victoria, she coupled a dynamic vegetation model and a land surface scheme to an atmosphere-ocean-sea ice climate model and introduced several isotopic
Katrin_Meissner_(scientist)
Circa 24,000–16,000 BCE; most recent era when ice sheets were at their greatest extent
vegetation at this location was dominated by Alpine herbs in wide open surfaces. The global warming that followed caused a slow change in vegetation towards
Last_Glacial_Maximum
Global climate phenomenon
significant influence on unforced global mean surface air temperature variability in climate models: Origin of global temperature variability". Journal
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
North Atlantic regional climate era, c. 950 - c. 1250
changes. Mann, M. E.; Zhang, Z.; Rutherford, S.; et al. (2009). "Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly"
Medieval_Warm_Period
Interdisciplinary research field
2015). "Dynamic Modelling of Soil Nitrogen Budget and Vegetation Colonization in Sediment Bars of a Regulated River: DYNAMIIC MODELLING OF VEGETATION SUCCESSION"
Ecohydraulics
Long-term future of planet Earth
intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere, which can result in mass extinctions. These include
Future_of_Earth
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
jumping to this conclusion. A rise in the global mean temperature does not imply universal warming. Dynamical effects (changes in the winds and ocean circulation)
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
Critical thresholds in climate science
threat to civilisation". A network model analysis suggested that temporary overshoots of climate change – increasing global temperature beyond Paris Agreement
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Type of conical volcano composed of layers of lava and tephra
[This Dynamic Earth, USGS]". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 24 October 2024. "Volcanic gases can be harmful to health, vegetation and infrastructure
Stratovolcano
Species of bird
10 December and 5 January. The nests are large bowls built of grassy vegetation and soil peat, that is 1 meter wide at the base and half a meter wide
Snowy_albatross
Group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors
during deployments and in dynamic settings. For ultra-low power sensors, size, cost and environment precludes the use of Global Positioning System receivers
Wireless_sensor_network
Earth's dry surface
(September 1, 2009). "Expansion of the world's deserts due to vegetation-albedo feedback under global warming". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (17): L17401
Land
Study of distribution of species
spatially contiguous, and time specific observations of vegetation". These observations are on a global scale. GIS can show certain processes on the earth's
Biogeography
Application of science and technology
the Global Forecast System model run by the Environmental Modeling Center is run 16 days into the future. The visual output produced by a model solution
Weather_forecasting
Scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
like machine learning, ensemble forecasting, and high-resolution global climate modeling. Climate change–induced extreme weather poses new challenges for
Meteorology
Movement in science emphasizing precision and sensitivity
Humboldt saw the history of the earth as a continuous global distribution of such things as heat, vegetation, and rock formations. In order to graphically represent
Humboldtian_science
Catalan-Australian scientist
Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP). During this period, he co-authored studies on global vegetation rooting depth, describing root distributions across biomes and implications
Pep_Canadell
Associated populations of species in a given area
0363. PMC 6083226. PMID 30045905. Akin, Wallace E. (1991). Global Patterns: Climate, Vegetation, and Soils. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2309-5
Community_(ecology)
Statistical distribution for dependence between random variables
2011). "On Characteristics and Modeling of P2P Resources with Correlated Static and Dynamic Attributes". 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference
Copula_(statistics)
Extinct species of mammoth
promote development of the intestinal microbes necessary for digestion of vegetation, as is the case in modern elephants. An isotope analysis of woolly mammoths
Woolly_mammoth
Brackish lake on the Altiplano in Chile
4,250 m (13,940 ft) elevation, vegetation disappears and the landscape transitions to high-altitude desert. Vegetation composition has been stable during
Laguna_Miscanti
Hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes or the flow of water
vertically (i.e., vegetation). Coastal dunes expand laterally as a result of lateral growth of coastal plants via seed or rhizome. Models of coastal dunes
Dune
Educational tool
plates, movements within ecosystems, etc. Global interdependence Models of human interaction, including gravity models and central place theory In the original
Five_themes_of_geography
2007 IPCC report
estimation of sea-level could be too low: "Dynamical processes related to ice flow not included in current models but suggested by recent observations could
IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report
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DYNAMIC GLOBAL-VEGETATION-MODEL
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DYNAMIC GLOBAL-VEGETATION-MODEL
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DYNAMIC GLOBAL-VEGETATION-MODEL
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