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Ecological-evolutionary theory (EET) is a sociological theory of sociocultural evolution that attempts to explain the origin and changes of society and
Ecological-evolutionary theory
Ecological-evolutionary_theory
American sociologist
sociology of religion, social inequality, and introducing the ecological-evolutionary theory. He spent much of his career as a professor at the University
Gerhard_Lenski
Ecological theory concerning the selection of life history traits
The r/K selection theory is an evolutionary hypothesis examining the selection of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of
R/K_selection_theory
Interaction of biology and evolution
parasitism, mutualism) and the evolution of biodiversity and of ecological communities. Evolutionary ecology mostly considers two things: how interactions (both
Evolutionary_ecology
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Mendelian inheritance and population genetics to give rise to modern evolutionary theory. In this synthesis the basis for heredity is in DNA molecules that
Evolution
Evolution of societies
works of Leslie White and Lewis Henry Morgan, developing the ecological-evolutionary theory. He views technological progress as the most basic factor in
Sociocultural_evolution
Subfield of biology
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) is a field of biology combining ecology, developmental biology and evolutionary biology to
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology
Ecological_evolutionary_developmental_biology
Subject inspired by evolutionary biology
Darwinian theory. Veblen's followers quickly abandoned his evolutionary legacy. When they finally returned to the use of the term "evolutionary", they referred
Evolutionary_economics
Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) is theoretical framework for analysing and explaining governance and its evolution. It is an approach that addresses
Evolutionary governance theory
Evolutionary_governance_theory
Study of human behavior and cultural diversity
Human behavioral ecology (HBE) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral
Human_behavioral_ecology
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
to be formulated. In 1985, biologist Robert G. B. Reid authored Evolutionary Theory: The Unfinished Synthesis, which argued that the modern synthesis
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
Scientific study
behavior. Ecological psychology is informed from the theoretical frameworks of pragmatism, behaviorism, phenomenology, and Gestalt Theory. Contemporary
Ecological_psychology
Modelling evolution using differential equations
understand the benefits of linking ecological and genetic models using differential equations, resulting in evolutionary dynamics. Some researchers consider
Evolutionary_dynamics
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
back to the heart of the theory of natural selection. Convergently, the growth of molecular genetics has led to evolutionary developmental biology, which
Natural_selection
2002 book by Stephen Jay Gould
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (2002) is Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould's technical book on macroevolution and the historical development
The Structure of Evolutionary Theory
The_Structure_of_Evolutionary_Theory
Idea that an animal's developmental stages resemble its evolutionary ancestors
discoveries in evolutionary developmental biology are providing explanations for these phenomena on a molecular level. Analogies to recapitulation theory have been
Recapitulation_theory
Study of evolutionary changes in physiological characteristics
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology Journal of Evolutionary Biology Journal of Experimental Biology Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology
Evolutionary_physiology
Theoretical ecology
Universal adaptive strategy theory (UAST) is an evolutionary theory developed by J. Philip Grime in collaboration with Simon Pierce describing the general
Universal adaptive strategy theory
Universal_adaptive_strategy_theory
Change of species in a region over time
consistent patterns and variability are observed in ecological succession. Theories of ecological succession identify different factors that help explain
Ecological_succession
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
statements by evolutionary biologists and philosophers of science demonstrating some of the different perspectives on evolution as fact and theory. Evolution
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Branch of psychology
problems in human ancestral environments. Some evolutionary psychologists argue that evolutionary theory can provide a foundational, metatheoretical framework
Evolutionary_psychology
Scientific discipline
1972 paper, "Game Theory and the Evolution of Fighting", defined the concept of the evolutionarily stable strategy. Because ecological systems are typically
Theoretical_ecology
Concept in ecology
Keywords in Evolutionary Biology. Harvard University Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-674-50313-7. Dolph Schluter (2000). "§4.2: The ecological theory". The Ecology
Ecological_niche
Phenomenon in which species sometimes prefer low-quality habitat
site selection, etc.). Ecological traps are thus a subset of the broader phenomena of evolutionary traps. As ecological trap theory developed, researchers
Ecological_trap
Wallace published a new evolutionary theory, explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859). Darwin's theory, originally called descent
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology
Evolutionary game theory (EGT) is the application of game theory to evolving populations in biology. It defines a framework of contests, strategies, and
Evolutionary_game_theory
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
of species Ecological genetics – Study of genetics in natural populations Evolutionary biology – Study of the evolution of life Evolutionary developmental
Outline_of_evolution
Effects on human societies of the scientific explanation of life's diversity
have argued that social Darwinism is based on misconceptions of evolutionary theory, and many ethicists regard it as a case of the is-ought problem.
Social effects of evolutionary theory
Social_effects_of_evolutionary_theory
Study of organisms and their environment
botanists in the 1890s. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection are cornerstones of modern ecological theory. Ecosystems are dynamically
Ecology
(2000-02-01). "Functional equivalence in plant-animal interactions: ecological and evolutionary consequences". Oikos. 88 (2): 442–447. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706
Functional equivalence (ecology)
Functional_equivalence_(ecology)
Behavioral theory
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology refers to uses of costly signaling theory and adaptationism in explanations for psychological traits
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Analytical framework to study life history strategies used by organisms
senescence and death, depend on the physical and ecological environment of the organism. The theory was developed in the 1950s and is used to answer questions
Life_history_theory
Study of the evolutionary development of ageing processes
is the decline in reproduction with age. The non-adaptive theory assumes that the evolutionary deterioration of human age occurs as a result of accumulation
Evolution_of_ageing
Study of evolution on morality or ethics
Evolutionary ethics is a field of inquiry that explores how evolutionary theory might bear on our understanding of ethics or morality. The range of issues
Evolutionary_ethics
the wolf evolutionary developmental biology – evolutionary dynamics – evolutionary game theory – evolutionary history of life – evolutionary history of
Index of evolutionary biology articles
Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles
Softcover ISBN 978-1-4419-3385-0. Van Valen, L. (1973). "A New Evolutionary Law". Evolutionary Theory. 1: 1–30. Hamilton, W. D.; Axelrod, R.; Tanese, R. (1990)
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Diversity and variations in ecosystems
Rainforests Tundra Coral reefs Marine Ecological diversity around the world can be directly linked to the evolutionary and selective pressures that constrain
Ecosystem_diversity
Change to the environment that destabilizes the continued survival of a population
individuals (i.e. overpopulation) The evolutionary theory of punctuated equilibrium sees infrequent ecological crises as a potential driver of rapid evolution
Ecological_crisis
Study of genetics in natural populations
natural populations and thereby enriching both evolutionary theory and ecological management. Ecological genetic research faces several challenges and
Ecological_genetics
Mathematical modelling of phenotypic evolution
reproducing populations. It is a branch of mathematical evolutionary theory that overlaps with evolutionary dynamics and adaptive dynamics. All three fields
Evolutionary invasion analysis
Evolutionary_invasion_analysis
Scientific view of guided evolution by God
theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution, or alternatively called evolutionary creationism) is a view that God acts and creates through laws of nature
Theistic_evolution
Interdisciplinary study
inheritance theory – Theory of human behavior Evolutionary neuroscience – Study of the evolution of nervous systems Evolutionary psychology – Branch of
Evolutionary_anthropology
Biological principle about the differential reproductive success in males versus females
both as influential scientists in the field of evolutionary biology. The starting point for the theory underpinning Bateman's principle is the idea that
Bateman's_principle
Increase in taxonomic diversity or morphological disparity
and antelope. Evolutionary fauna Adaptive radiation Nonadaptive radiation Simões, M.; et al. (2016). "The evolving theory of evolutionary radiations".
Evolutionary_radiation
Associated populations of species in a given area
Disintegration of the Ecological Community, has argued that it is more useful to think of communities on a regional scale, drawing on evolutionary taxonomy and
Community_(ecology)
Field of archaeology
“barbarism” to “civilization”. Thus, for much of the 19th century evolutionary theory in archaeology was centered around explaining cultural traits and
Evolutionary_archaeology
Theory in evolutionary biology
In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a new species appears in the fossil
Punctuated_equilibrium
Point in evolutionary space where selection always leads
trait space around the evolutionary attractor. Evolution in biology does not take place in single species in isolation. Ecological interaction of species
Evolutionary_attractor
Evolutionary psychology theories
Evolutionary aesthetics refers to evolutionary psychology theories in which the basic aesthetic preferences of Homo sapiens are argued to have evolved
Evolutionary_aesthetics
Debunked psychological hypothesis
with ecological thinking and scientific method in general." Race, Evolution, and Behavior Rushton, J. Philippe (January 1985). "Differential K theory: The
Differential_K_theory
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
game theory include algorithmic game theory, behavioral game theory, combinatorial game theory, evolutionary game theory, and quantum game theory. In 1994
Game_theory
Theory of evolutionary biology
species in ecological communities. Like other neutral theories of ecology, Hubbell assumes that the differences between members of an ecological community
Unified neutral theory of biodiversity
Unified_neutral_theory_of_biodiversity
Process by which an organism shapes its environment
persist for several generations, introducing the evolutionary role of ecological inheritance. This theory emphasizes that organisms inherit two legacies
Niche_construction
American ecologist (born 1946)
and the 1979 textbook Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology presented a mathematical link between ecological population dynamics and
Joan_Roughgarden
Jeroen CJM van den Bergh. "Evolutionary policies for sustainable development: adaptive flexibility and risk minimising." Ecological Economics 47.2 (2003):
Evolutionary_systems
Trait that is characterized by being more harmful than helpful
perception. Science portal Black robin Ecological traps Evolutionary mismatch Maladaptive coping Evolutionary suicide Fisherian runaway Look up maladaptation
Maladaptation
Multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment
that a general theory of living systems is required to explain the nature of life. Such a general theory would arise out of the ecological and biological
Living_systems
Application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease. Modern biomedical research
Evolutionary_medicine
Topics referred to by the same term
an evolutionary perspective. It may also refer to: Behavioral ecology, the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures
Cultural evolution (disambiguation)
Cultural_evolution_(disambiguation)
Scientific concept in evolutionary biology
An evolutionary mismatch (aka "mismatch theory" or "evolutionary trap") occurs when a previously advantageous trait may suddenly become maladaptive due
Evolutionary_mismatch
Comparison of organism developmental processes
of its own kind: humans only have human babies. A recapitulation theory of evolutionary development was proposed by Étienne Serres in 1824–26, echoing the
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary_developmental_biology
Scientific study of life
common descent. Serious evolutionary thinking originated with the works of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who presented a coherent theory of evolution. The British
Biology
Study of the evolution of life
Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology that analyzes the four mechanisms of evolution: natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow
Evolutionary_biology
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
Hamilton's concepts, disputing the idea of evolutionary progress, and attacking the then widespread theory of group selection. Williams argued that natural
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
Odling-Smee et al. (1996) as a consequence of niche construction. Standard evolutionary theory focuses on the influence that natural selection and genetic inheritance
Ecological_inheritance
Interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems
theorize a labor theory of value based on embodied energy; his work was read and critiqued by Marx and Engels. Otto Neurath developed an ecological approach based
Ecological_economics
Application of Darwinian theory to other fields
on the variation and selection of ideas and theories, thus laying the basis for the domain of evolutionary epistemology. In the 1990s, Campbell's formulation
Universal_Darwinism
Species having two or more distinct forms
hemoglobin and blood types. According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It
Polymorphism_(biology)
Approach to economic theory based on an evolutionary model
like "An Ecological Introduction" and "The Theory of the Economic Organism." One of the first major perspectives of Boulding's evolutionary perspective
Kenneth Boulding's evolutionary perspective
Kenneth_Boulding's_evolutionary_perspective
Social and evolutionary psychology theory
Terror management theory (TMT) is a theory in social and evolutionary psychology which proposes a basic psychological conflict stemming from two competing
Terror_management_theory
Proposed mechanism of evolution
137 other evolutionary biologists, also in Nature, responded "that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation
Group_selection
German philosopher (1963–2019)
evolutionary theory you apply matters deeply to which kind of (evolutionary) psychology you get." For example, the ideas of nativist's evolutionary psychologists
Karola_Stotz
Pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God
as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". ID presents two main arguments against evolutionary explanations: irreducible complexity
Intelligent_design
Relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems
ecologists to answer novel evolutionary and ecological questions, many with regard to how landscapes effect evolutionary processes, especially in human-modified
Landscape_ecology
Psychotherapeutic approach
Evolutionary Systems Therapy (EST) is an integrative psychotherapeutic approach grounded in the theory of evolution. It is one of the models explicitly
Evolutionary_Systems_Therapy
Academic discipline; examines how goal-driven social entities grow, survive and die
and ecological (community environment) regulation (see also Open and closed systems in social science). The first explicit formulation of a theory of population
Organizational_ecology
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population
Evolutionary_pressure
Hierarchy of complex structures and systems within biological sciences
a wide variety of evolutionary processes, for the simple reason that hierarchical structures are stable". Abiogenesis Cell theory Cellular differentiation
Biological_organisation
Evolutionary process
Anti-predator adaptation Body reactivity Ecological trap Evolutionary pressure Evolvability Intragenomic conflict Neutral theory of molecular evolution Leroi, Armand
Adaptation
Scientific study of renewing and restoring ecosystems
Ecological restoration, or ecosystem restoration, is the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, destroyed or
Ecological_restoration
whole are intertwined in ecological theory, understanding biodiversity, conservation strategies, and more. However, these ecological units have been met with
Ecological_unit
Ecological hypothesis about species diversity
ongoing within the discipline of tropical ecology as the theory is tested in various ecological communities. Other evidence exists for and against the hypothesis
Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Intermediate_disturbance_hypothesis
Interpretation of sensory information
goes on. This social constructionist theory thus allows for a needful evolutionary adjustment. A mathematical theory of perception-in-action has been devised
Perception
Evolutionary process
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for
Speciation
Cultural idea that spreads through imitation
evolutionary preconception in terms of which such theories are framed is implicitly group-selectionist, but it is possible to rephrase the theories in
Meme
Branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species
branches are united in their shared orientation and/or application of evolutionary theory to the understanding of human biology and behavior. Bioarchaeology
Biological_anthropology
Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
linguistics. Evolutionary linguistics is part of a wider framework of Universal Darwinism. In this view, linguistics is seen as an ecological environment
Evolutionary_linguistics
Interdisciplinary study of systems
theory Complex system Control theory Dynamical systems theory Earth system science Ecological systems theory Industrial ecology Living systems theory
Systems_theory
1859 book on evolution by Charles Darwin
be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It was published on 24 November 1859. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve
On_the_Origin_of_Species
Hypothesis in ecology
The stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) is an evolutionary theory in microbial ecology and community ecology that provides a framework to predict when positive
Stress_gradient_hypothesis
Theory aiming to explain cultural differences based on perceived collective danger
modeling of regality theory is also attributed to evolutionary game theory and biological life history theory. In particular, regality theory is focusing on
Regality_theory
Theory in evolutionary biology
is a theory in evolutionary biology that describes how environmental disturbances varying in magnitude will affect the species present. The theory emphasizes
Sloshing bucket model of evolution
Sloshing_bucket_model_of_evolution
Science of classifying organisms
shared characteristics. Modern approaches prioritize common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and
Taxonomy_(biology)
Harvestable population growth in an ecosystem
Ecological yield is the harvestable population growth of an ecosystem. It is most commonly measured in forestry: sustainable forestry is defined as that
Ecological_yield
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
textbook "Evolutionary Biology," biologist Douglas Futuyma writes, One of the most important tenets of the theory forged during the Evolutionary Synthesis
Microevolution
Ecology proposition
extinction of the weaker competitor or to an evolutionary or behavioral shift toward a different ecological niche. The principle has been paraphrased in
Competitive exclusion principle
Competitive_exclusion_principle
Treatise by Thomas Malthus
Malthusian social theory influenced Herbert Spencer's idea of the survival of the fittest, and the modern ecological-evolutionary social theory of Gerhard Lenski
An Essay on the Principle of Population
An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population
Overview of and topical guide to anthropology
between humans and digital-era technology Anthropology of development – Ecological anthropology – Economic anthropology – Historical anthropology – Anthropology
Outline_of_anthropology
Part of Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory
final revision of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological system theory. The primary focus of ecological systems theory is on the systemic examination of contextual
Bioecological_model
Two or more species influencing each other's evolution
geographic mosaic theory of coevolution), and demonstrate that coevolution can play an important role in driving major evolutionary transitions such as
Coevolution
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ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a copse or thicket, Middle English s(c)hage, s(c)hawe (Old English sceaga), or a habitational name from any of the numerous minor places named with this word. The English surname was also established in Ireland in the 17th century.Scottish and Irish : adopted as an English form of any of various Gaelic surnames derived from the personal name Sitheach ‘wolf’.Americanized form of some like-sounding Ashkenazic Jewish surname.Chinese : variant of Shao.Early American merchants and revolutionary patriots were Nathaniel Shaw (b. 1735 in New London, CT) and Samuel Shaw (b. 1754 in Boston).
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : habitational name from any of several places in England and Scotland, variously spelled, that are named with Old English cald ‘cold’ + well(a) ‘spring’, ‘stream’. Caldwell in North Yorkshire is one major source of the surname; Caldwell in Renfrewshire in Scotland another.Several Caldwells emigrated from Scotland to America by way of Ireland in the 18th century. James Caldwell (1734–81), son of settler John Caldwell, was born in Charlotte Co., VA, and was a militant clergyman during the revolutionary war. Andrew Caldwell, a Scottish farmer, emigrated to America in 1718 and started a family in Lancaster Co., PA. His son David was a Presbyterian clergyman and well-known revolutionary war patriot.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Biological
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic or metronymic from Eade.The inventor Thomas Alva Edison, born in 1847 in Milan, OH, came from a Canadian family first established in North America by John Edison, a loyalist during the American Revolution, who served under the British General Richard Howe and went into exile in Nova Scotia after the Revolutionary War.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from either of two places, in Hertfordshire and Surrey, called Puttenham, from the genitive case of the Old English byname Putta, meaning ‘kite’ (the bird) + Old English hÄm ‘homestead’.John Putnam emigrated from England to Salem, MA, before 1641, and established a family that was still prominent in Massachusetts four generations later, including the revolutionary war soldier Israel Putnam (1718–90) and his cousin Rufus Putnam (1738–1824), also a soldier, one of the first settlers in OH.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Read 1.An early American bearer of the common British name was George Reed who emigrated from England in 1635 with his son, William, and settled in Woburn, MA, several years later. His grandson James (1722–1807), a revolutionary war soldier who distinguished himself at the battle of Bunker Hill, moved to Fitzwilliam, NH, and was one of the original NH proprietors.
Boy/Male
Indian
One who is economical, Thrifty
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hain 1–3.Isaac Hayne (1745–81) was an American revolutionary militia officer, executed by the British for breaking parole. He owned an ironworks and was manufacturing ammunition for the American forces when he was caught. His grandfather had emigrated from England to SC in about 1700.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Frugal; Thrifty; Economical; One who is Economical; The Provident
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : topographic name for someone who lived by a patch of wet ground overgrown with brushwood, northern Middle English kerr (Old Norse kjarr). A legend grew up that the Kerrs were left-handed, on theory that the name is derived from Gaelic cearr ‘wrong-handed’, ‘left-handed’.Irish : see Carr.This surname has also absorbed examples of German Kehr.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a short form of the personal names Giles, Julian, or William. In theory the name would have a soft initial when derived from the first two of these, and a hard one when from William or from the other possibilities discussed in 2–4 below. However, there has been much confusion over the centuries.Northern English : topographic name for someone who lived by a ravine or deep glen, Middle English gil(l), Old Norse gil ‘ravine’.Scottish and Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Gille (Scottish), Mac Giolla (Irish), patronymics from an occupational name for a servant or a short form of the various personal names formed by attaching this element to the name of a saint. See McGill. The Old Norse personal name Gilli is probably of this origin, and may lie behind some examples of the name in northern England.Scottish and Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac An Ghoill (see Gall 1).Norwegian : habitational name from any of three farmsteads in western Norway named Gil, from Old Norse gil ‘ravine’.Dutch : cognate of Giles.Jewish (Israeli) : ornamental name from Hebrew gil ‘joy’.German : from a vernacular short form of the medieval personal name Aegidius (see Gilger).Indian (Panjab) : Sikh name, probably from Panjabi gil ‘moisture’, also meaning ‘prosperity’. There is a Jat tribe that bears this name; the Ramgarhia Sikhs also have a clan called Gill.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Couregeous; Revolutionary; Drifting about; Revolution
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a deliberate alteration of Leatherhead, a habitational name from Leatherhead in Surrey, which is named from Celtic lēd ‘gray’ + rïd ‘ford’, or alternatively a habitational name from Lythwood in Shropshire, which is named from Old English hlið ‘slope’ + wudu ‘wood’.Zachariah Leatherwood, son of John Leatherwood, was born in Prince William Co., VA, about 1735. After the revolutionary war, he settled in Spartanburg Co., SC, with his second wife, Jane Calvert, and many of his fourteen children.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
One who is economical thrifty
Boy/Male
Muslim
One who is economical, Thrifty
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old English clǣg ‘clay’, applied as a topographic name for someone who lived in an area of clay soil or as a metonymic occupational name for a worker in a clay pit (see Clayman).Americanized spelling of German Klee.The relatively common English name Clay had several American forebears in the 18th century. Henry Clay, born in Hanover, VA, in 1777, secretary of state for President John Quincy Adams, was descended from English ancestors who came to VA shortly after the founding of Jamestown. The revolutionary war officer Joseph Clay, also a member of the Continental Congress, was a native of Yorkshire, England, who emigrated to GA in 1760 and was a founder of the University of Georgia.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and northern Irish
English, Scottish, and northern Irish : variant of Sand 1.Scottish : habitational name from Sands in Tulliallan in Fife.Comfort Sands, a revolutionary patriot born in 1748 at what is now Sands’ Point, Long Island, NY, was descended from James (Sandys) Sands (1622–95), who emigrated from Reading, Berkshire, England, to Plymouth, MA, and followed Anne Hutchinson to Westchester Co., NY, and subsequently RI. In 1661 he settled on Block Island, RI.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.John Mifflin (born 1640) came to Delaware from Warminster, Wiltshire, England, in the 1670s. He is probably the same person as the John Mifflin, a Quaker, who built his home, ‘Fountain Green’, in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, in 1679. His fourth-generation descendant Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800) was a member of the Continental Congress, a revolutionary soldier, and governor of PA.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old Norse personal name Þorgils, composed of the name of the Norse god of thunder, Þorr + gils ‘hostage’, ‘pledge’. However, the inorganic initial s- is not easily explained; it may be the result of Old French influence.Edward Sturgis of England settled in Charlestown in 1634 and moved to Yarmouth, MA, in 1638. His descendants included a revolutionary war soldier and Cape Cod shipmaster, and a Massachusetts legislator.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : according to Reaney this is a nickname from an unattested Old English word cybbe meaning ‘clumsy’ or ‘thickset’. Reaney’s speculation is apparently based on taking the Middle English word kibble ‘cudgel’ as a diminutive of an unattested Old English word. Corresponding personal names have been postulated for the place names Kibworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybba’) and Kibblesworth (‘enclosure of a man called Cybbel’); so, in theory, the surname could be a reflex of these Old English personal names.North German : nickname for a cantankerous person, from Middle Low German, Middle High German kiven ‘to quarrel’.
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
ECOLOGICAL EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY
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