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Measurement of light ray bending from a gravitational lens
The Einstein radius is the radius of an Einstein ring, and is a characteristic angle for gravitational lensing in general, as typical distances between
Einstein_radius
Parameter of solute diffusion
The Stokes radius or Stokes–Einstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Named after George
Stokes_radius
Feature seen when light is gravitationally lensed by an object
lens, causing a ring-like structure. The size of an Einstein ring is given by the Einstein radius. In radians, it is θ 1 = 4 G M c 2 D L S D S D L , {\displaystyle
Einstein_ring
Radius of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole
The Schwarzschild radius is a parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius of a sphere in flat
Schwarzschild_radius
Metric based on the exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity
Robertson–Walker (RW), or Friedmann–Lemaître (FL). When combined with Einstein's field equations, the metric gives the Friedmann equations, which have
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker_metric
Astronomical phenomenon due to the gravitational lens effect
authors have used other notation. The Einstein radius, also called the Einstein angle, is the angular radius of the Einstein ring in the event of perfect alignment
Gravitational_microlensing
principle Einstein frame Einstein's mass–energy relation Einstein gravitational constant Einstein's radius of the universe Einstein (unit) Einstein notation
List of things named after Albert Einstein
List_of_things_named_after_Albert_Einstein
Observatory
The Einstein Tower (German: Einsteinturm) is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany. The Tower was built
Einstein_Tower
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also
Albert_Einstein
Elliptical galaxy
Chabrier and a dark matter fraction of 11.1+5.4 −3.5 % inside the Einstein radius. A gravitational lens was discovered by Euclid Archive Scientist Bruno
NGC_6505
the first scientific publication in which Einstein embraced the possibility of a cosmos of time-varying radius. Interpreting Edwin Hubble's discovery of
Friedmann–Einstein_universe
Theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein – German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the theory of
Outline_of_Albert_Einstein
United States historic place
The Albert Einstein House at 112 Mercer Street in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, was the home of Albert Einstein from 1935 until
Albert_Einstein_House
Equation in Brownian motion
Einstein relation is a previously unexpected[clarification needed] connection revealed independently by William Sutherland in 1904, Albert Einstein in
Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
Einstein_relation_(kinetic_theory)
Blackboard used by Albert Einstein on 16 May 1931 lectures at the University of Oxford
time-varying radius. In the paper, Einstein adopts Alexander Friedmann's 1922 analysis of relativistic models of a universe of time-varying radius and positive
Einstein's_Blackboard
German physicist (1873–1916)
and astronomer. Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single
Karl_Schwarzschild
Cosmological model in which the universe does not expand
universe and c {\displaystyle c} is the speed of light. The radius of curvature of space of the Einstein universe is equal to R E = Λ E − 1 / 2 = c 4 π G ρ .
Static_universe
Research institute in Germany
Albert Einstein Science Park is located on the Telegrafenberg hill in Potsdam, Germany. The park was named after the physicist Albert Einstein. The best
Albert_Einstein_Science_Park
Solution to the Einstein field equations
non-charged mass that is smaller than its Schwarzschild radius forms a black hole. The solution of the Einstein field equations is valid for any mass M, so in
Schwarzschild_metric
lies at redshift z = 0.222, with the inner ring at z = 0.609 with an Einstein radius RE = 1.43±0.01" and magnitude m = 19.784±0.006, the outer ring is at
SDSS_J0946+1006
Notebook of Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein's notebooks, from his time in Zürich. It contains much of Einstein's foundational work on general relativity. John D. Norton. "Einstein's Zurich
Zurich_Notebook
Mass of an astrophysical system
U\rangle } , and this radius defines the virial radius. The virial radius of a gravitationally bound astrophysical system is the radius within which the virial
Virial_mass
Concept in physics
c^{2}D_{s}D_{i}}} where θ E i {\displaystyle \theta _{Ei}} is the so-called Einstein angular radius of a point lens M i {\displaystyle M_{i}} . For a single point
Gravitational lensing formalism
Gravitational_lensing_formalism
Criticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century,
Criticism of the theory of relativity
Criticism_of_the_theory_of_relativity
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in May 1916 and is the accepted
General_relativity
Classical statement of gravity as force
earth ∝ a apple R radius of earth 2 = a moon R lunar orbit 2 {\displaystyle M_{\text{earth}}\propto a_{\text{apple}}R_{\text{radius of
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
Application of the theory of relativity to the universe as a whole
matter, Einstein found it necessary to introduce a new term to the field equations, the cosmological constant. In the resulting model, the radius R and
Einstein's_static_universe
Physical effect in general relativity
In physics and general relativity, gravitational redshift (known as Einstein shift in older literature) is the phenomenon that electromagnetic waves or
Gravitational_redshift
Gravitationally-lensed quasar in constellation Hydra
11.56 M☉, and an effective radius of 1.24 ± 0.29 arcseconds has been found for the lens galaxy with the total Einstein radius of 0.62 arcseconds. The quasar
CTQ_327
2003 play by Vern Thiessen
Einstein's Gift is a 2003 play written by Canadian playwright Vern Thiessen and published in 2003 by Playwrights Canada Press. Through the recollections
Einstein's_Gift
Velocity-dependent drag force
Gravitation and Cosmology: From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale. Springer. p. 119. ISBN 1-4020-0885-6. Albert Einstein; Ludwig Hopf (1910). "Über einen Satz
Einstein–Hopf_drag
Play written by Ed Metzger
Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian is a stage play that is the only show officially endorsed by the Einstein family. A quote from Albert Einstein's first
Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian
Albert_Einstein:_The_Practical_Bohemian
Origins of Einstein's gravitation theory
General relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915. According
History_of_general_relativity
Hypothetical gravitational object composed of matter
exist for the Einstein–Maxwell–Dirac equations system, which is the (super) classical limit of quantum electrodynamics, and for the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Dirac
Black star (semiclassical gravity)
Black_star_(semiclassical_gravity)
Measured time difference as explained by relativity theory
of clocks. In the context of special relativity it was shown by Albert Einstein (1905) that this effect concerns the nature of time itself, and he was
Time_dilation
Gravitationally lensed quasar in the constellation Leo
is lensed by a massive galaxy cluster located at (z) 0.588 with an Einstein radius of 15.2 ± 0.5 arcseconds and a bolometric luminosity of 9.6 × 1044
SDSS_J1029+2623
Compact astronomical body
At a certain radius from the centre of the mass, the Schwarzschild solution became singular, meaning that some of the terms in the Einstein equations became
Black_hole
Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid
η, and the particle radius r, the Avogadro constant NA can be determined. The type of dynamical equilibrium proposed by Einstein was not new. It had been
Brownian_motion
Einstein manifold Einstein notation Einstein protocol Einstein radius Einstein refrigerator Einstein relation (kinetic theory) Einstein ring Einstein
Index_of_physics_articles_(E)
Theoretical foundation of Newtonian mechanics
rotate about their center of gravity, an example later raised by Albert Einstein in his development of general relativity. A more recent form of these objections
Absolute_space_and_time
Light bending by mass between source and observer
Albert Einstein in 1936. It is usually referred to in the literature as an Einstein ring, since Khvolson did not concern himself with the flux or radius of
Gravitational_lens
General-relativistic effect
increases (the clock moving away from the source of gravitation). Albert Einstein originally predicted this in his theory of relativity, and it has since
Gravitational_time_dilation
is gradually corrected. More recently, it has become possible to solve Einstein's field equation using a computer instead of mathematical formulae. As the
Two-body problem in general relativity
Two-body_problem_in_general_relativity
is called Sasaki–Einstein; if it is hyperkähler, M {\displaystyle M} is called 3-Sasakian. Any 3-Sasakian manifold is both an Einstein manifold and a spin
Sasakian_manifold
Hypothetical object of spacetime
addition to a black hole region in the future, such a solution of the Einstein field equations has a white hole region in its past. This region does not
White_hole
Einstein's committee of atomic scientists
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd in May, 1946, primarily as a fundraising and policy-making
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
Emergency_Committee_of_Atomic_Scientists
Collapsed core of a massive star
and second-densest known class of stellar objects. Neutron stars have a radius on the order of 10 kilometers (6 miles) and a mass of about 1.4 solar masses
Neutron_star
Coordinate system
coordinates for the Schwarzschild metric—a spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein field equations in vacuum—introduced by Georges Lemaître in 1932. Changing
Lemaître_coordinates
Attraction of masses and energy
Gravity is described by the general theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, which describes gravity in terms of the curvature of spacetime
Gravity
Exact solution to the Einstein field equations
general relativity, the Oppenheimer–Snyder model is a solution to the Einstein field equations based on the Schwarzschild metric describing the collapse
Oppenheimer–Snyder_model
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
effects in Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. It is also known as the universal gravitational
Gravitational_constant
Paradox in special relativity
that R = R0 and R < R0. The paradox has been deepened further by Albert Einstein, who showed that since measuring rods aligned along the periphery and moving
Ehrenfest_paradox
Cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole
interior of a black hole requires that the Hubble radius of the universe be equal to its Schwarzschild radius, which is proportional to its mass. This is indeed
Black_hole_cosmology
Geometric system used in black hole physics
spacetimes are commonly used to obtain analytic and numerical solutions to Einstein's field equations in the presence of radially moving matter or energy. Because
Spherically symmetric spacetime
Spherically_symmetric_spacetime
Solution of Einstein field equations
metrics that gave all Einstein spaces that are exact linear perturbations of Minkowski space. In early 1964, Kerr looked for all Einstein–Maxwell spaces with
Kerr–Newman_metric
in the context of Lorentzian geometry and general relativity by Albert Einstein and Cornelius Lanczos (see harmonic coordinate condition). Following the
Harmonic_coordinates
Electrically neutral group of two or more atoms
by doing experimental work on Brownian motion, and third by confirming Einstein's theory of particle rotation in the liquid phase. In 1927, the physicists
Molecule
Unit system used in the physics of relativity
all occurrences of G and of c "drop out". For example, the Schwarzschild radius of a nonrotating uncharged black hole with mass m becomes rs = 2m. For this
Geometrized_unit_system
Solution of Einstein field equations
Gödel universe, is an exact solution, found in 1949 by Kurt Gödel, of the Einstein field equations in which the stress–energy tensor contains two terms: the
Gödel_metric
Aspect of relativity in physics
propagate away at the speed of light. They were first predicted by Albert Einstein as a consequence of his general theory of relativity, appearing as "ripples
Gravitational_wave
Set of points equidistant from a center
mentioned earlier r is the sphere's radius; any line from the center to a point on the sphere is also called a radius. 'Radius' is used in two senses: as a line
Sphere
Belgian scientist and Catholic priest (1894–1966)
connect the observational Hubble–Lemaître law with the solution to the Einstein field equations in the general theory of relativity for a homogenous and
Georges_Lemaître
synthesized California, where it was first synthesized in LBNL Albert Einstein, German physicist Enrico Fermi, Italian physicist Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian
List_of_chemical_elements
Static exact solution in general relativity
In Einstein's theory of general relativity, the interior Schwarzschild metric (also interior Schwarzschild solution or Schwarzschild fluid solution) is
Interior_Schwarzschild_metric
Mathematical concept
of a Bose–Einstein condensate, with proofs published by M. D. Donsker and S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (1975). The Wiener sausage Wδ(t) of radius δ and length
Wiener_sausage
Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down
relativity predicts that any object collapsing beyond its Schwarzschild radius would form a black hole, inside which a singularity will form. A black hole
Gravitational_singularity
Exotic quasiparticle created at low temperatures
orbital of the Rydberg atom, depending on the radius of the Rydberg atom and the density of the Bose–Einstein condensate. The theoretical work for the experiment
Rydberg_polaron
Branch of mathematics
focused by the emergence of Einstein's theory of general relativity and the importance of the Einstein Field equations. Einstein's theory popularised the tensor
Differential_geometry
Principle in theoretical physics
classical solutions to the Einstein equations that allow values of the entropy larger than those allowed by an area law (radius squared), hence in principle
Holographic_principle
Paths of particles in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations
that there is a minimum radius for the circular orbit to be stable in Schwarzschild metric. An exact solution to the Einstein field equations is the Schwarzschild
Schwarzschild_geodesics
Mathematical model combining space and time
further development of general relativity, Einstein fully incorporated the spacetime formalism. When Einstein published in 1905, another of his competitors
Spacetime
Property of magnitude or multitude
Bibcode:2011PhRvL.107s1101W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.191101. PMID 22181590. Einstein, A. (2005-02-23). "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper [AdP 17, 891 (1905)]"
Quantity
Theory of rapid universe expansion
currently visible was packed within a sphere with a radius around 4 × 10−29 m then grew to a sphere with a radius around 0.9 m by the end of inflation. At the
Cosmic_inflation
Polish-American physicist (1872–1948)
Toronto: A finite world-radius and some of its cosmological implications. In 1935, following a controversial debate with Albert Einstein, Silberstein published
Ludwik_Silberstein
Units defined only by physical constants
(mBH)2. Setting 8πG = 1. This would eliminate 8πG from the Einstein field equations, Einstein–Hilbert action, and the Friedmann equations, for gravitation
Planck_units
Unified field theory
classical five-dimensional theory: the Kaluza–Klein metric, the Kaluza–Klein–Einstein field equations, the equations of motion, the stress–energy tensor, and
Kaluza–Klein_theory
At a certain radius from the center of the mass, the Schwarzschild solution became singular, meaning that some of the terms in the Einstein equations became
History_of_black_hole_physics
Effect of general relativity
Frame-dragging is an effect on spacetime, predicted by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, that is due to non-static stationary distributions
Frame-dragging
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
of the blackbody radiation spectrum, Albert Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect, Einstein and Peter Debye's work on the specific heat of
Copenhagen_interpretation
Comparison of a wide range of lengths
pm – approximate radius of a helium atom, the smallest neutral atom 30.8568 pm – 1 rontoparsec 50 pm – Bohr radius: approximate radius of a hydrogen atom
Orders_of_magnitude_(length)
Maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with a negative cosmological constant
G_{\mu \nu }} is the Einstein tensor and g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }} is the metric of the spacetime. Introducing the radius α {\displaystyle \alpha
Anti-de_Sitter_space
All of space observable from the Earth at the present
System and Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. The radius of this region is about 14.26 gigaparsecs (46.5 billion light-years or 4
Observable_universe
attenuation Stokes line Stokes–Einstein (Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland) equation (translational diffusion) Stokes–Einstein–Debye equation (rotational diffusion)
List of things named after George Gabriel Stokes
List_of_things_named_after_George_Gabriel_Stokes
Four-dimensional analogue of the cube
Realities, from Plato to String Theory (by way of Alice in Wonderland, Einstein, and The Twilight Zone). Penguin Books. p. 143. Coxeter, H. S. M. (1970)
Tesseract
theory of general relativity. The first three tests, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, concerned the "anomalous" precession of the perihelion of Mercury
Tests_of_general_relativity
Precession of a gyroscope due to a nearby celestial body's rotation affecting spacetime
historical analysis by Herbert Pfister, the effect should be renamed the Einstein–Thirring–Lense effect. The gravitational field of a spinning spherical
Lense–Thirring_precession
Exact solution for the Einstein field equations
quasispherical event horizon. The Kerr metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity; these equations are highly non-linear
Kerr_metric
to the plane. Dilation same as Lipschitz constant. Ehresmann connection Einstein manifold Euclidean geometry Exponential map Exponential map (Lie theory)
Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry
Glossary_of_Riemannian_and_metric_geometry
Theorem in general relativity
Schwarzschild radius which is notably smaller than the radius at the Buchdahl bound. Given a static, spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein equations
Buchdahl's_theorem
relativity, including the motivation for the geodesic equation and the Einstein field equation, can be obtained from special relativity by examining the
Theoretical motivation for general relativity
Theoretical_motivation_for_general_relativity
Method in physics
vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box in contrast to the Einstein solid model, which treats the solid as many individual, non-interacting
Debye_model
Frenet–Serret formulas Curves in differential geometry Line element Curvature Radius of curvature Osculating circle Curve Fenchel's theorem Theorema egregium
List of differential geometry topics
List_of_differential_geometry_topics
Atomic model introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913
to predict a, the radius of the electron orbiting in the ground state of the hydrogen atom. This value is now called the Bohr radius. The first Solvay
Bohr_model
Ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces
proportional to the radius of the tube, while the weight of the liquid column is proportional to the square of the tube's radius. So, a narrow tube will
Capillary_action
Diagram of different points in spacetime
action. Penrose diagrams are often used to illustrate the hypothetical Einstein–Rosen bridge connecting two separate universes in the maximally extended
Penrose_diagram
Tensor in differential geometry
general relativity, the Ricci curvature tensor enters the Einstein field equations through the Einstein tensor, formed from the Ricci tensor, the scalar curvature
Ricci_curvature
will also become smaller: 1 Kelvin per m becomes 0.001 Kelvin per mm. In Einstein notation, contravariant vectors and components of tensors are shown with
Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity
Introduction_to_the_mathematics_of_general_relativity
Supermassive-black-hole-containing quasar in the constellation Crater
the radius of the event horizon. This implies that the black hole must be spinning incredibly fast to allow the disk to survive at such a small radius. The
RX_J1131−1231
Local and global geometry of the universe
local geometry. There are an infinite number of global shapes that match Einstein's equations. The global structure of the universe includes: whether the
Shape_of_the_universe
Property of a mathematical space
n-dimensional?" One answer is that to cover a fixed ball in En by small balls of radius ε, one needs on the order of ε−n such small balls. This observation leads
Dimension
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EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
EINSTEIN RADIUS
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