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Phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices
Hot carrier injection (HCI) is a phenomenon in solid-state electronic devices where an electron or a "hole" gains sufficient kinetic energy to overcome
Hot-carrier_injection
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
breakdown-based hot-carrier injection with high reverse breakdown voltage. However, the FLOTOX theoretical basis is the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling hot-carrier injection
EEPROM
of the floating gate. An alternative to tunnel injection is the spin injection. Hot carrier injection Lorke, Michael; Khanonkin, Igor; Michael, Stephan;
Tunnel_injection
Type of MOSFET where the gate is electrically isolated
10 years in modern devices. Usually Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or hot-carrier injection mechanisms are used to modify the amount of charge stored in the
Floating-gate_MOSFET
Topics referred to by the same term
Hwa Chong Institution, a school in Singapore Highly charged ion Hot carriers injection, in solid-state electronic devices Hydrocarbon indicator, in reflection
HCI
Mechanical design approach
degradation mechanisms (time dependent dielectric breakdown [TDDB], hot carrier injection [HCI], and negative bias temperature instability [NBTI]) in modern
Physics_of_failure
Key reliability issue in MOSFETs
Studies show degradation up to 25% in 7 nm FinFETs due to NBTI and Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) effects. Gate-All-Around FETs (GAAFETs) offer improved recovery
Negative-bias temperature instability
Negative-bias_temperature_instability
longer-term concerns: various adverse device-level effects such as hot carrier injection and electromigration occur more rapidly at higher voltages, decreasing
Voltage_and_frequency_scaling
Process of silicon transistors developing flaws over time as they are used
the thresholds collapse. Charge trapping occurs in several ways: Hot carrier injection (HCI) is where electrons gain enough energy to leak into the oxide
Transistor_aging
German air-transportable armoured weapons carrier
light air-transportable armoured fighting vehicle or armoured weapons carrier (German: Waffenträger), produced by Rheinmetall. The Wiesel has been used
Wiesel_(weapons_carrier)
Topics referred to by the same term
ignition system High explosive incendiary, a type of ammunition Hot-carrier injection, a principle in the function of solid-state electronic devices Human-environment
HEI
Type of solid state switch
wearout failures mainly include bias temperature instability (BTI), hot carrier injection (HCI), time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), electromigration
Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
Insulated-gate_bipolar_transistor
fatigue, electromigration, time dependent dielectric breakdown, hot-carrier injection, and negative bias temperature instability. Published research has
Sherlock Automated Design Analysis
Sherlock_Automated_Design_Analysis
Semiconductor memory technology
flash is programmed, through channel hot electron (CHE) injection mechanism also known as Hot-carrier injection. In brief, a high voltage is placed between
Charge_trap_flash
Ways electronic components fail and prevention measures
influencing the transistor's threshold voltage; it may be caused by hot carrier injection, ionizing radiation or normal use. With EEPROM cells, this is the
Failure of electronic components
Failure_of_electronic_components
Designing products to facilitate manufacturing
involves analyzing how design choices impact electromigration, hot carrier injection, and other potential failure mechanisms, and designing accordingly
Design_for_manufacturability
localized overstress Charge trapping Hot electron trapping – due to overdrive in power RF circuits Hot-carrier injection Bias temperature instability Electrical
Reliability_(semiconductor)
Horst Ludwig Störmer Horst Stöcker Host galaxy Hot-carrier injection Hot chocolate effect Hot electron Hot spot effect in subatomic physics Hough function
Index_of_physics_articles_(H)
Type of chromatography
mode, a part of the sample/carrier gas mixture in the injection chamber is exhausted through the split vent. Split injection is preferred when working
Gas_chromatography
197. ISBN 978-1-84735-924-7. Frenkler, D.; Zawistowski, H. (2001). Hot Runners in Injection Moulds. iSmithers Rapra Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85957-483-6.
In-mould_decoration
Italian mechanical engineer
plasmonic hot carrier devices for photodetection and photoelectrochemistry. In particular, she contributed to advancing the use of plasmonic hot carriers for
Giulia_Tagliabue
from the die. Ceramic injection moulding is much like plastic injection moulding using various polymers for plasticizing. Hot wax moulding largely uses
Ceramic_forming_techniques
Type of internal combustion engine that uses compression to create combustion
is injected and burns in the compressed hot air. Chemical energy is released and this constitutes an injection of thermal energy (heat) into the compressed
Diesel_engine
1960s toy line
Nutty Mads are monochromatic, injection-molded polymer plastic toy figures originally manufactured in 1963–1964 by the Marx Toy Company. Comically grotesque
Nutty_Mads
Standardized industrial stacking container
Eurobox, Euro crate or KLT box (from German: Kleinladungsträger, "small load carrier"), is an industrial stacking container conforming to the VDA 4500 standard
Euro_container
Motor vehicle
reduce fuel consumption. The engine itself was quite modern, a direct injection 11,150 cc (680 cu in) diesel V6 built by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (who
MAZ-500
Modified form of die casting process
Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. licensed the technology. As of 2024, the most significant thixomolded auto part was the spare tire carrier of the
Semi-solid_metal_casting
Chemical which reduces air pollution from diesel engines
about compliance shifted to the infrastructure for DEF distribution. The injection rate of DEF into the exhaust depends on the specific after-treatment system
Diesel_exhaust_fluid
Japanese carrier-based fighter aircraft
The Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" is a long-range carrier-capable fighter aircraft that was manufactured by Mitsubishi Aircraft Company, which was part of Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero
extrusion Blown films Profile extrusion Injection moulding Injection blow moulding Sealing compounds Plastisol hot dipping process The products obtained
Liquid_color
Type of delivery service
express mail, private courier companies, and less-than-truckload shipping carriers. Package delivery differs by country due to varying shipping costs and
Package_delivery
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and sequential multi-port fuel injection. Most versions feature continuously variable cam phasing on both intake
GM_High_Feature_engine
Semiconductor laser
A laser diode (LD, also injection laser diode or ILD or semiconductor laser or diode laser) is a semiconductor device similar to a light-emitting diode
Laser_diode
Method of producing thin films (polycrystalline and single crystal)
precursor gases are injected into a reactor, usually with a non-reactive carrier gas. For a III-V semiconductor, a metalorganic could be used as the group
Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy
Metalorganic_vapour-phase_epitaxy
Coupe utility
335 bhp (250 kW; 340 PS), and 250- and 290-bhp 283-cube Ramjet Fuel Injection V8s. Hot Rod magazine conducted a test of an El Camino equipped with the hottest
Chevrolet_El_Camino
Düse (PD) direct injection Unit Injectors, injection pressure up to 2,050 bar (29,733 psi) (approx. 180 bar (2,611 psi) pre-injection, min. 300 bar (4
List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines
List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines
Low-cost airline of Singapore (2004–2014)
Valuair (Chinese: 惠旅航空) was a Singapore-based low-cost carrier. It was launched on 5 May 2004, initially offering services to Bangkok and Hong Kong, before
Valuair
Attendorn, Germany (Craemer Attendorn GmbH & Co. KG) as well as a plastics injection moulding facility in Telford, Great Britain (Craemer UK Ltd). For the
Craemer_Group
1950s British turbofan aircraft engine
acceptable level. Water for the injection system is contained in a tank located between the bifurcated section of the rear (hot) exhaust duct. The tank contains
Rolls-Royce_Pegasus
Type of semiconductor
supply of charge carriers. The next major step towards the technological exploitation of the phenomenon of electron and hole injection into a non-crystalline
Organic_semiconductor
Type of van designed for private use
equivalent classification in Europe is MPV (multi-purpose vehicle), people carrier, or M-segment. Compared with a full-size van, most minivans are based on
Minivan
Cooling of air in an enclosed space
most common in air conditioning are: on-off cycling, hot gas bypass, use or not of liquid injection, manifold configurations of multiple compressors, mechanical
Air_conditioning
Exhaust emission control device
temperature. Most newer vehicles have electronic fuel injection systems, and do not require air injection systems in their exhausts. Instead, they provide
Catalytic_converter
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
the carriers. The collector–base junction is reverse-biased, and so negligible carrier injection occurs from the collector to the base, but carriers that
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Motor vehicle
different valve timing, and uses Bendix electronic fuel injection instead of Lucas mechanical injection to cope with a wider range of operating conditions
Chevrolet_Cosworth_Vega
Disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi
female carriers to every one male carrier, although offered no data to explain this assertion of a gender difference in the rate of typhoid carriers. As
Typhoid_fever
American telecommunications company
telecommunications company Deutsche Telekom. T-Mobile is the second largest wireless carrier in the United States, with 140 million subscribers as of September 30,
T-Mobile_US
British ground attack aircraft
rotatable nozzles. The engine is equipped for water injection to increase thrust and takeoff performance in hot and high altitude conditions; in normal V/STOL
Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier
Automated analyzer using a flow technique
general term that encompasses both segmented flow analysis (SFA) and flow injection analysis (FIA). In segmented flow analysis, a continuous stream of material
AutoAnalyzer
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
direct injection. All CI (compression ignition) engines use fuel injection, usually direct injection but some engines instead use indirect injection. SI
Internal_combustion_engine
Device used to protect the wearer's face from hazards
decontamination solution during a General Quarters Drill aboard an aircraft carrier In military or law enforcement environments, a face shield may be designed
Face_shield
Motor vehicle
debut of the "Cross-Fire Injection" fuel delivery system. This TBI (Throttle Body Fuel Injection) was not the type of fuel injection installed previously
Chevrolet_Corvette_(C3)
Water vapor used in industrial processes
ultra high purity steam, including pyrolysis, bubbling, direct liquid injection, and purified steam generation. The level of purity, or the relative lack
Ultra-high-purity steam for oxidation and annealing
Ultra-high-purity_steam_for_oxidation_and_annealing
Fuel for heating, cooking and vehicles
cuttoff level option for LPG reservoir is 85%. Besides its use as an energy carrier, LPG is also a promising feedstock in the chemical industry for the synthesis
Liquefied_petroleum_gas
British steam locomotive class (1927–1958)
the Frank Carrier archive) came from an unsuccessful trial of a Derby-St. Pancras run that had to be terminated at Leicester due to a hot axlebox. There
LMS_Garratt
Mixture of peptides and proteins derived from animals
isinglass was one of the oldest sources of gelatin. Gelatin is used as a carrier or separating agent for other substances. It makes β-carotene water-soluble
Gelatin
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
small, room temperature is hot enough to thermally ionize practically all of the dopant atoms and create free charge carriers in the conduction or valence
Doping_(semiconductor)
Process for extracting oil from oil shale
General Synfuels International has proposed the Omnishale process involving injection of super-heated air into the oil shale formation. Mountain West Energy's
Shale_oil_extraction
Japanese fighter aircraft
beyond the design stage. Ki-84 Sa Go Oxygen injection system replacing the traditional water-methanol injection system to improve high attitude performance
Nakajima_Ki-84_Hayate
Printing technique
technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier. Ink rollers transfer ink to the image areas of the image carrier, while a water roller applies a water-based
Offset_printing
Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket
a single Mengzhou crewed orbiter or Lanyue lander, with a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn from its hydrolox third stage of three YF-75E engines. It has
Long_March_10
Solid-state electronics based on electron spin
increase the interface resistance with a tunnel barrier, or using hot-electron injection. Spin detection in semiconductors has been addressed with multiple
Spintronics
Family of V8 and V6 engines
Super Turbo-Fire was also the first engine offered with mechanical fuel injection. The top-of-the-line model produced 283 hp (211 kW; 287 PS), giving it
General Motors LS-based small-block engine
General_Motors_LS-based_small-block_engine
Pain medication of the opiate family
morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously;
Morphine
Chemical compound
heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives. Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow
Polybutylene
Class of semiconductor nanocrystals
reporting on ABX3 NCs make use of a hot injection procedure in which one of the reagents is swiftly injected into a hot solution containing the other reagents
Perovskite_nanocrystal
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
The N1 (from Ракета-носитель Raketa-nositel', "Carrier Rocket"; Cyrillic: Н1, GRAU index: 11A52, Sheldon: G-1-e, DoD: SL-15) was a super heavy-lift launch
N1_(rocket)
Packaging material
is used for protective packaging or for food service trays and beverage carriers. Other typical uses are end caps, trays, plates, bowls and clamshell containers
Molded_pulp
Electronic circuit formed on a small, flat piece of semiconductor material
processing unit Chip carrier CHIPS and Science Act Chipset Czochralski method Dark silicon Ion implantation Integrated injection logic Integrated passive
Integrated_circuit
Third generation of Golf compact car
the direct-injection system with the 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) Golf TDI in 1993. From its launch, all versions of the Golf came with fuel injection, to meet
Volkswagen_Golf_Mk3
Truck used to move motor vehicles
including those as large as semi-trailer trucks. They are different from car carrier trailers, which are intended for the routine transport of multiple new
Tow_truck
Gaseous fossil fuel
maintenance as well as miscible or immiscible flooding. Conservation, re-injection, or flaring of natural gas associated with oil is primarily dependent
Natural_gas
Centralized heat distribution system
and oil, and the energy was transmitted through pressurized hot water as the heat carrier. The systems usually had supply temperatures above 100 °C, and
District_heating
Reconnaissance vehicle, Light tank
injection and US-made radios. In the second half of the 1980s, New Zealand opted to use the turrets to upgrade their M113 armoured personnel carriers
FV101_Scorpion
Current British assault rifle, bullpup
machine gun. The sheet metal construction and the design of the bolt, bolt carrier, guide rods and the weapon's disassembly showed strong similarities to
SA80
Fuel gas mainly composed of methane
retrofitting, which involves installing a CNG cylinder, plumbing, a CNG injection system, and electronics. The cost of installing a CNG conversion kit can
Compressed_natural_gas
Solar-cell architecture
} > 0.3 Ω·cm) such that the wafer is under high injection conditions (the number of generated carriers is high compared to the dopant concentration). Solar
Heterojunction_solar_cell
European beyond visual range air-to-air missile
the Simple Regulation Ramjet programme, which began in 1994. The direct-injection design used an inflatable elastomer bladder within the fuel tank to control
Meteor_(missile)
Concept in quantum mechanics
wherein the energy spectrum of charge carriers is discrete. As opposed to a bulk region, wherein the carriers are free to move in three spatial directions
Quantum_well
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
deep-seated systemic infections, antibiotics can be given intravenously or by injection. Where the site of infection is easily accessed, antibiotics may be given
Antibiotic
Sports car, first and second generations of the Porsche 911
single-row chains, in turn, driving a camshaft in each of the two cam-carriers on six cylinder-heads. After the size and configuration of 80 mm (3.15 in)
Porsche_911_(classic)
Type of mechanical seal
gasket edge. Since the carrier ring used in constant seating stress gaskets take this deflection into account when creating the carrier ring for a given flange
Gasket
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
wall of the ramcombustor. In this case, fuel injection is through ablation of the propellant by the hot compressed air from the intake(s). An aft mixer
Ramjet
Chinese automobile manufacturer
transmission (DCT) ("P3") and a 1.5-litre turbocharged four-cylinder direct injection petrol engine to form a parallel hybrid drivetrain. It has three driving
BYD_Auto
Industrial process for ammonia production
conversion of the raw material gases compared to reactors with cold gas injection. Uhde has developed and is using an ammonia converter with three radial
Haber_process
Series of American full-size automobiles by General Motors
converted from carbureted fuel delivery to electronic fuel injection (using throttle body injection/TBI). For 1988, the 5.0L engine was dropped from the line
Chevrolet_Suburban
Enclosure or protection of products
(labels, placards, etc.) as required by the UN, country, and specific carrier requirements. On transport packages, standardized symbols are also used
Packaging
China crewed lunar surface lander
propulsion-module which together are to be launched autonomously into a trans-lunar injection (TLI) orbit by the under-development Long March 10 rocket. The twin-module
Lanyue
Electric charge treated as continuously distributed in space
model typically applies when charge carriers have been emitted from some region of a solid—the cloud of emitted carriers can form a space charge region if
Space_charge
American physicist (1910–1989)
contact transistor worked and conceived of the possibility of minority carrier injection. On February 13, 1948, another team member, John N. Shive, built a
William_Shockley
Facet of ballistics and aeronautics
achieved by four basic means: Gimbaled engine(s) or nozzle(s) Reactive fluid injection Auxiliary "Vernier" thrusters Exhaust vanes, also known as jet vanes Thrust
Thrust_vectoring
Packaging that combines or holds multiple items or smaller packages
shrink film, pressure sensitive tape, paper overwrap, adhesives, paperboard carriers, plastic clips, etc. Beverage cans and bottles are sold in multi-packs
Multi-pack
injects are used when. The exercise is followed up by a debrief, including a "hot" debrief immediately after the exercise. NSW Health hosted an influenza pandemic
Simulation_exercise
Method used to apply surface coatings
technique is suitable for use with non-volatile precursors. Direct liquid injection CVD (DLICVD) – CVD in which the precursors are in liquid form (liquid
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Monster truck
truck and tractor pulls, such as SRO Motorsports (later the United States Hot Rod Association) and Golden State Promotions, noticed the exploding popularity
Bigfoot_(truck)
subsequently sentenced to death for the crime and was executed by lethal injection on February 16, 1995. May 16, 1983 Brentwood, New York 1 2 3 After being
List of school shootings in the United States (before 2000)
List_of_school_shootings_in_the_United_States_(before_2000)
Covered transportation vehicle
What would be called a "minivan" in American English is called a "people-carrier", "MPV" or multi-purpose vehicle, and larger passenger vehicles are called
Van
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
turbojets with water/methanol injection or afterburning. Some engines used both methods.[citation needed] Liquid injection was tested on the Power Jets
Turbojet
Way of controlling a flying model aircraft
and can cost as much as $50. Small GRP sport propellers are made by injection molding and may cost as little as $2. The fuel for the engine is usually
Control_line
Class of drugs used to treat malignant tumors
thrombophlebitis at the injection site, and extravasation of the injection solution can lead to local tissue necrosis, necessitating proper injection techniques.
Antineoplastic
travel, tourism, insurance
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
Female
English
English pet form of German Carla, CARLIE means "man."
Female
Egyptian
, the daughter of Petemet and the lady Hemsuisi.
Male
English
English byname for a tall, skinny person, turned surname turned forename, from Middle English hoit, HOYT means "long stick."
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, CARTER means "carter," someone who uses a cart.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Carrie, KARRIE means "man."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a blacksmith (see Ferrier).
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, CARVER means "carver" of wood or stone.
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name HOM means "fragrant."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Hoyt.
Female
English
English pet form of French Caroline, CARRIE means "man."
Surname or Lastname
English and southern French
English and southern French : from Middle English, Old French car(r)ier (Late Latin carrarius, a derivative of carrum ‘cart’, ‘wagon’, of Gaulish origin); in English an occupational name for someone who transported goods, in French for a cartwright.French : occupational name for a stonemason or quarryman, carrier.
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Pakhrua.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a person who dressed leather after it was tanned, Middle English curreyour (Old French conreeur ‘currier’).
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Careen, possibly CARREEN means "beloved" or "friend."Â
Boy/Male
American, British, Christian, English, Indian, Jamaican
Sculptor; One who Carves Wood; Wood Carver; Carver of Wood or Stone
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname or occupational name for someone who hunted hares, or who was thought to resemble a breed of dog used in hunting hares.English and Scottish : nickname for someone thought to resemble a harrier, a kind of hawk, Middle English harrower.English and Scottish : nickname for a raider or plunderer, from an agent noun derived from Middle English herian, Old English her(g)ian ‘to harry’, ‘plunder’, ‘ravage’.
Male
English
Wood Carver
Female
English
Feminine diminutive form of English Harry, HARRIET means "little home-ruler."Â
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Larry, LARRIE means "of Laurentum."
Male
Egyptian
, house of Horus.
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
HOT CARRIER-INJECTION
travel, tourism, insurance