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Chemical entity which can be bound by an antibody
high-throughput mutagenesis, an epitope mapping strategy developed to improve rapid mapping of conformational epitopes on structurally complex proteins
Epitope
Identifying the binding site of an antibody on its target antigen
In immunology, epitope mapping is the process of experimentally identifying the binding site, or epitope, of an antibody on its target antigen (usually
Epitope_mapping
Analytical technique
epitope mapping. The procedure of identifying an antibody's binding sites (epitopes) on the target protein is referred to as "epitope mapping." Finding
Western_blot
Physical phenomenon of electron resonance
sandwich configuration. Additionally, it allows the mapping of epitopes as antibodies of overlapping epitopes will be associated with an attenuated signal compared
Surface_plasmon_resonance
Segment of a molecule which antibodies recognize by its linear structure
In immunology, a linear epitope (also sequential epitope) is an epitope—a binding site on an antigen—that is recognized by antibodies by its linear sequence
Linear_epitope
Segment of a molecule which contacts an immune receptor when folded
These are known as linear epitopes. Antigen Linear epitope Epitope mapping, finding (on an antigen protein) the epitope(s) for a specific antibody Goldsby
Conformational_epitope
Healthcare test
related epitope and are "binned" together. Epitope binning is referenced in the literature under different names such as epitope mapping and epitope characterization
Epitope_binning
of applications. These include affinity-based screening, antibody epitope mapping, the identification of peptide substrates, the identification of cell-binding
Bacterial_display
Bioinformatics approaches to immunology
Diseases has supported epitope-related research through funding the development and continued expansion of the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), a publicly
Computational_immunology
Genomic study of immune system regulation and pathogen response
In 2006, Moutaftsi et al. demonstrated that epitope-mapping tools could accurately identify the epitopes responsible for 95% of the murine T-cell response
Immunomics
Pepscan is a procedure for mapping and characterizing epitopes involving the synthesis of overlapping peptides and analysis of the peptides in enzyme-linked
Pepscan
Group of signal transduction pathways involved in embryonic development
PMC 4083010. PMID 24492943. Gao W, Xu Y, Liu J, Ho M (May 2016). "Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan
Wnt_signaling_pathway
Protein-coding gene in humans
Pym B, Darling SM, Goodfellow PN (1989). "The MIC2 gene product: epitope mapping and structural prediction analysis define an integral membrane protein"
CD99
Medical laboratory test
antigens, granzyme B and Perforin release by T cells, vaccine efficacy, epitope mapping, cytotoxic T-cell activity, detection of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, vaccine-induced
ELISpot
Type of immunoglobulin molecule
molecules that react against a specific antigen, each identifying a different epitope. The general procedure to produce polyclonal antibodies is as follows:
Polyclonal_antibodies
Mammalian protein found in humans
Lee-Chan E, Stridsberg M, et al. (April 2014). "Vasostatin-1 antigenic epitope mapping for induction of cellular and humoral immune responses to chromogranin
Chromogranin-A
American chemical biologist and protein engineer
PMID 2504281. Cunningham, B. C.; Wells, J. A. (2 June 1989). "High-resolution epitope mapping of hGH-receptor interactions by alanine-scanning mutagenesis". Science
James_A._Wells
Overview of and topical guide to immunology
Immunodeficiency Antigen Antigenicity Immunogen Superantigen Allergen Hapten Epitope Linear Conformational Mimotope Tumor antigen Antigen-antibody interaction
Outline_of_immunology
A peptide microarray (also commonly known as peptide chip or peptide epitope microarray) is a collection of peptides displayed on a solid surface, usually
Peptide_microarray
Glycoproteins found in plant cell walls
Michael G. (November 2017). "A Synthetic Glycan Microarray Enables Epitope Mapping of Plant Cell Wall Glycan-Directed Antibodies". Plant Physiology. 175
Arabinogalactan_protein
Enzyme in humans
et al. (August 1994). "Fibroblast activation protein: purification, epitope mapping and induction by growth factors". International Journal of Cancer.
Fibroblast activation protein, alpha
Fibroblast_activation_protein,_alpha
Macromolecule
PMC 4083010. PMID 24492943. Gao W, Xu Y, Liu J, Ho M (May 2016). "Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan
Heparan_sulfate
Particular peptide protein tag
FLAG-tag, or FLAG octapeptide, or FLAG epitope, is a peptide protein tag that can be added to a protein using recombinant DNA technology, having the sequence
FLAG-tag
Collection of Perl modules for bioinformatics
; Kanehisa, M. (2006). "MIMOX: A web tool for phage display based epitope mapping". BMC Bioinformatics. 7: 451. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-451. PMC 1618411
BioPerl
Type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response
Menegasso AR, Pêgo PN, Santos KS, et al. (January 2015). "B-cell linear epitopes mapping of antigen-5 allergen from Polybia paulista wasp venom". The Journal
Allergen
Protein found in humans
3.296. PMID 5910871. Tanaka T, Furukawa F, Imamura S (May 1994). "Epitope mapping for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autoantibody by molecularly cloned
Collagen,_type_VII,_alpha_1
Technology assisting antibody uptake
transcytosis of a 76 kDa glycoprotein across the blood–brain barrier. Epitope mapping of the anti-TfR antibody showed that the Brain Shuttle module binds
Brainshuttle
Biotechnology research company
provides services for biotherapeutic development projects. Applications: Epitope Mapping DeNovo Sequencing HDX-MS Protein Interaction Notable Citations: CovalX
CovalX
Peptide-based subunit vaccine which immunizes an organism against a pathogen
Peptide-based synthetic vaccines (epitope vaccines) are subunit vaccines made from peptides. The peptides mimic the epitopes of the antigen that triggers direct
Peptide_vaccine
German chemist
for lead structure search, peptide libraries, complete B- and T-cell epitope mapping of viral proteins, immunobiochemistry. The sequence motifs of MHC-bound
Günther_Jung
Enzyme
Soiffer RJ, Munshi NC, Gershwin ME, Ritz J (Mar 2007). "Differential epitope mapping of antibodies to PDC-E2 in patients with hematologic malignancies after
Dihydrolipoyl_transacetylase
Human protein
MJ, Renouf DV, Hounsell EF, Stern PL (Apr 2002). "Glycosylation and epitope mapping of the 5T4 glycoprotein oncofoetal antigen". The Biochemical Journal
TPBG
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMC 3031711. PMID 21112773. Gao W, Xu Y, Liu J, Ho M (May 2016). "Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan
Glypican_3
MeSH E05.601.690.149 – blotting, far-western MeSH E05.601.690.300 – epitope mapping MeSH E05.601.690.650 – two-hybrid system techniques MeSH E05.624.850
List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)
Surface glycoprotein
expression vectors and in the production of recombinant proteins. Like other epitope tags, HA-tag is small and generally does not alter the traits of proteins
HA-tag
Technique used for light microscopy
antibody recognizes on an antigen is called an epitope. Several antibodies can recognize the same epitope but differ in their binding affinity. The antibody
Immunofluorescence
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
titin extends into the center of the sarcomeric M band. cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". Journal
Myomesin-2
Protein family
PMID 22563565. Gao, Wei; Xu, Yongmei; Liu, Jian; Ho, Mitchell (May 17, 2016). "Epitope mapping by a Wnt-blocking antibody: evidence of the Wnt binding domain in heparan
Glypican
Storage protein found in mustard and rapeseed
Liu L, Barkla BJ (July 2020). "Identification, characterization and epitope mapping of proteins encoded by putative allergenic napin genes from Brassica
Cruciferin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe". J. Biol. Chem. 274
FLOT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe". J. Biol. Chem. 274
FLOT2
Genomic technique
is reversed and proteins are removed by digestion with proteinase K. An epitope-tagged version of the protein of interest, or in vivo biotinylation can
Chromatin_immunoprecipitation
Seed storage protein found in the family Brassicaceae
Liu L, Barkla BJ (July 2020). "Identification, characterization and epitope mapping of proteins encoded by putative allergenic napin genes from Brassica
Napin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 1693924. Elkon KB, Hines JJ, Chu JL, Parnassa A (1990). "Epitope mapping of recombinant HeLa SmB and B' peptides obtained by the polymerase
SNRPB
Protein
Fujii H, Miura H, Miyasaka N, Nishioka K, Miyamoto T (May 1990). "Fine epitope mapping of the human SS-B/La protein. Identification of a distinct autoepitope
Sjögren_syndrome_antigen_B
Protein-coding gene in humans
titin extends into the center of the sarcomeric M band. cDNA cloning, epitope mapping and immunoelectron microscopy of two titin-associated proteins". Journal
MYOM1
Protein found in humans
hetero-oligomeric complex with caveolins in vivo. Characterization and epitope-mapping of a novel flotillin-1 monoclonal antibody probe". J. Biol. Chem. 274
Caveolin_2
Indian virologist
2013 Ramniklal J. Kinarivala Oration Award of Gujarat Cancer Society. Epitope mapping Viral protein India portal Medicine portal Long link – please select
Vijay Kumar (molecular biologist)
Vijay_Kumar_(molecular_biologist)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Targeted antipeptide antibodies to cytochrome P450 2C18 based on epitope mapping of an inhibitory monoclonal antibody to P450 2C51". Archives of Biochemistry
CYP2C18
Indian scientist
; Bhandari, Rashna; Wittrup, K.Dane (2004). "Domain-level antibody epitope mapping through yeast surface display of epidermal growth factor receptor fragments"
Rashna_Bhandari
Artificial peptide attached to protein for marking purpose
were referred to as "peptide tag", "epitope insertion", "marker sequence", and "epitope addition", until "epitope tag" was coined and popularized. Fluorescence
Protein_tag
Israeli computational biologist
Bublil, Erez M.; Ruppin, Eytan; Sharan, Roded (2007-12-01). "Pepitope: epitope mapping from affinity-selected peptides". Bioinformatics. 23 (23): 3244–3246
Osnat_Penn
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope". Genomics. 65 (2): 166–173
B3GAT1
Alteration of displayed antigens by pathogens
(2009). "Proximal glycans outside of the epitopes regulate the presentation of HIV-1 envelope gp120 helper epitopes". Journal of Immunology. 182 (10): 6369–78
Antigenic_variation
Species of virus
Bedouelle H (September 2007). "Mapping to completeness and transplantation of a group-specific, discontinuous, neutralizing epitope in the envelope protein of
Dengue_virus
Leers M, et al. (1999). "Immunocytochemical detection and mapping of a keratin 18 neo-epitope exposed during early apoptosis". J Pathol. 187 (5): 567–72
M30-Apoptosense_ELISA
Common application of immunostaining
required to make the epitopes accessible for immunohistochemical staining for most formalin fixed tissue section. The epitopes are the binding sites
Immunohistochemistry
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
structure and chromosomal mapping of the mouse glucuronyltransferase-S involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope". Gene. 296 (1–2): 29–36
B3GAT2
Enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid gland
genistein has demonstrated inhibition of TPO. Thyroid peroxidase is a frequent epitope of autoantibodies in autoimmune thyroid disease, with such antibodies being
Thyroid_peroxidase
arenicin - ArgJ protein family - ascorbate 2,3-dioxygenase - assembled epitope - ataxia-telangiectasia - ATG or AUG - ATP cone - Atrial septal defect
Index of molecular biology articles
Index_of_molecular_biology_articles
Transplantation of cells or tissue across species
IgG, and IgA. The epitope XNAs target is an α-linked galactose moiety, galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (also called the α-Gal epitope), produced by the
Xenotransplantation
Enzyme found in humans
Müller-Esterl W (July 1993). "Mapping of the high molecular weight kininogen binding site of prekallikrein. Evidence for a discontinuous epitope formed by distinct
Plasma_kallikrein
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
Sinmaz N, Nguyen T, Tea F, Dale RC, Brilot F (August 2016). "Mapping autoantigen epitopes: molecular insights into autoantibody-associated disorders of
Myasthenia_gravis
Form of hemoglobin chemically linked to a sugar
polyhapten is added to the sample. The polyhapten is several HbA1c-like epitopes bound together excess antibody cross-links with the polyhapten and forms
Glycated_hemoglobin
Molecular biology technique
SB, Meadows SK, Roberts BS, et al. (October 2015). "CETCh-seq: CRISPR epitope tagging ChIP-seq of DNA-binding proteins". Genome Research. 25 (10): 1581–9
ATAC-seq
Species of virus
(Apr 2005). "Novel rabies virus-neutralizing epitope recognized by human monoclonal antibody: fine mapping and escape mutant analysis". J Virol. 79 (8):
Rabies_virus
Medical condition
Bienvenu, Françoise; Bienvenu, Jacques; Rougé, Pierre (2009). "Mapping of IgE-binding epitopes on the major latex allergen Hev b 2 and the cross-reacting
Latex_allergy
Type of fully automated microscopy
dye-quenching debated recently. The Toponome Imaging Systems (TIS) and multi-epitope-ligand cartographs (MELC) represent different stages of the ICM technological
Imaging_cycler_microscopy
Protein found in humans
52 kDa Ro/SSA binds native 60 kDa Ro/SSA: identification of a tertiary epitope with components from 60 kDa Ro/SSA and 52 kDa Ro/SSA". Scand. J. Immunol
RNA-binding_protein_RO60
Immune phenomenon
protect from subsequent infections. These memory B cells respond to specific epitopes on the surface of viral proteins to produce antigen-specific antibodies
Original_antigenic_sin
Method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA
limitations due to the cross linking step in ChIP-Seq protocols that can promote epitope masking and generate false-positive binding sites. As well, ChIP-seq suffers
CUT&Tag_sequencing
Protein produced and used by the thyroid
Piechaczyk M, Pau B, Malthièry Y (February 1992). "A major human thyroglobulin epitope defined with monoclonal antibodies is mainly recognized by human autoantibodies"
Thyroglobulin
Neuroimaging technique to differentiate neurons
their own variation of Brainbow (dBrainbow), based on antibody labeling of epitopes rather than endogenous fluorescence. Two copies of their construct yield
Brainbow
ChIP-exo is a chromatin immunoprecipitation based method for mapping the locations at which a protein of interest (transcription factor) binds to the
ChIP-exo
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
52 kDa Ro/SSA binds native 60 kDa Ro/SSA: identification of a tertiary epitope with components from 60 kDa Ro/SSA and 52 kDa Ro/SSA". Scandinavian Journal
TRIM21
Genes on human chromosome 6
McCluskey J (January 2006). "Have we cut ourselves too short in mapping CTL epitopes?". Trends in Immunology. 27 (1): 11–6. doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.001
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA
limitations due to the cross linking step in ChIP-Seq protocols that can promote epitope masking and generate false-positive binding sites. As well, ChIP-seq suffers
CUT&RUN_sequencing
Method used to analyse protein interactions with DNA
with an antibody to specifically bind DNA-bound proteins that present the epitope recognized by that antibody. Digestion then specifically occurs at regions
MNase-seq
Protein of the immune system
McCluskey J (January 2006). "Have we cut ourselves too short in mapping CTL epitopes?". Trends in Immunology. 27 (1): 11–6. doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.001
MHC_class_I
Protein found in humans
neurotrophin-3 to p75LNGFR, TrkA, and TrkB mediated by a single functional epitope distinct from that recognized by trkC". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (10): 5623–7
Neurotrophin-3
by direct labeling or a secondary labeled antibody against a different epitope on the analyte target protein (sandwich approach). Both PMAs and AMAs can
Reverse phase protein lysate microarray
Reverse_phase_protein_lysate_microarray
COVID-19 vaccine research organization
Included primarily B cell epitopes, both emergent from computational predictions as well as early research in SARS-CoV-2 antibody mapping. First inclusion of
Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative
Rapid_Deployment_Vaccine_Collaborative
Bone marrow cancer in which lymphocytes are overproduced
1640–1645. PMID 7523797. Deans JP, Polyak MJ (February 2008). "FMC7 is an epitope of CD20". Blood. 111 (4): 2492, author reply 2493-2492, author reply 2494
Chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia
Epitopes, also referred to as antigenic determinants, are parts of an antigen that are recognized by the immune system. A neoepitope is an epitope the
Neoepitope
Nanoparticle technology
(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, masking epitopes): High-resolution mapping during the global pandemic verified that the trimeric spike
Protein_corona
Protein found in humans
receptor. cDNA cloning, cell surface expression, and construction of a novel epitope-bearing analog". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (13): 9101–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50394-5
Platelet-activating factor receptor
Platelet-activating_factor_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
IgE recognition of birch pollen profilin by cleaving antibody-binding epitopes". J. Immunol. 168 (1): 290–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.1.290. PMID 11751973
CMA1
Mammalian protein found in humans
against previously encountered pathogens via plasma cells, respectively. epitope stability The extracellular loops of CD20 are conserved sequences and undergo
CD20
Enzyme found in humans
(2001). "Antibodies against c-Jun N-terminal peptide cross-react with neo-epitopes emerging after caspase-mediated proteolysis during apoptosis". J. Neurochem
Serine–tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
Serine–tRNA_ligase,_mitochondrial
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Yamaguchi N, Liu Y, Nagai Y (December 1994). "Human laminin M chain: epitope analysis of its monoclonal antibodies by immunoscreening of cDNA clones
Laminin_subunit_alpha-2
American immunologist
; Simon, P.; Thompson, S.; Springer, T. A. (1983). "Mapping of antigenic and functional epitopes on the alpha- and beta-subunits of two related mouse
Timothy_A._Springer
Examines sequence information from individual cells
Chattopadhyay PK, Swerdlow H, et al. (September 2017). "Simultaneous epitope and transcriptome measurement in single cells". Nature Methods. 14 (9):
Single-cell_sequencing
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
links between FA core complex and FANCD2. The structure of FANCE has an epitope on its surface that is found to be important for its binding with FANCD2
Fanconi anemia group E protein
Fanconi_anemia_group_E_protein
Protein and coding gene in humans
neurotrophin-3 to p75LNGFR, TrkA, and TrkB mediated by a single functional epitope distinct from that recognized by trkC". The Journal of Biological Chemistry
Tropomyosin_receptor_kinase_B
the mimic of binding site, mimotope analysis has been widely used in mapping epitopes, identifying drug target and inferring protein interaction networks
Mimotope
Method to obtain monoclonal cell populations by serial dilution
production; clone T cells and B cells for functional studies and epitope specificity mapping (often with feeder cells and cytokines); isolate parasites and
Dilution_cloning
Keratin protein in humans
ductal carcinoma of the breast. CAM 5.2, an antibody that reacts with an epitope found on both CK8 and CK18, is used in immunohistochemistry to demonstrate
Keratin_8
Protein-coding gene in humans
digestion pattern of Gt with four proteases defines monoclonal antibody epitope". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (21): 14072–81. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)92811-5
GNAT2
Medical prevention of malaria
vaccine was engineered using a fusion hepatitis B surface protein containing epitopes of the outer protein of Plasmodium falciparum malaria sporozite, which
Malaria_prophylaxis
DNA barcoding technique
heterogenicity within a tissue sample. This method can be used for the co-mapping mRNA and protein levels at a near single-cell resolution in fresh or frozen
Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing
Deterministic_Barcoding_in_Tissue_for_Spatial_Omics_Sequencing
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EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
EPITOPE MAPPING
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