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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up equivalence or equivalent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Equivalence or Equivalent may refer to: Album-equivalent unit, a measurement unit
Equivalence
Logical fallacy of inconsistency
A false equivalence or false equivalency is an informal fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two subjects based on flawed, faulty, or false
False_equivalence
Mathematical concept for comparing objects
In mathematics, an equivalence relation is a binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The equipollence relation between line segments
Equivalence_relation
Hypothesis that inertial and gravitational masses are equivalent
The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form
Equivalence_principle
In computer metadata, semantic equivalence is a declaration that two data elements from different vocabularies contain data that has similar meaning.
Semantic_equivalence
Mathematical concept
a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set S {\displaystyle S} into equivalence classes. These
Equivalence_class
Physics concept expressed as E = mc²
In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame. The two differ only by a multiplicative constant
Mass–energy_equivalence
Two dissimilar translation approaches
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translating, is the dichotomy between transparency and fidelity – respectively, between the meaning and
Dynamic and formal equivalence
Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Equivalence theorem may refer to: Economics Ricardian equivalence, a principle in economics Revenue equivalence, a concept in auction theory Mathematics
Equivalence_theorem
Tool used to draw statistical inferences from observed data
Equivalence tests are a variety of hypothesis tests used to draw statistical inferences from observed data. In these tests, the null hypothesis is defined
Equivalence_test
Aspect of the Unicode standard
Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same
Unicode_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Functional equivalence can refer to: Dynamic and formal equivalence in biblical translation Functional equivalence (ecology), a concept in community ecology
Functional_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Turing equivalence may refer to: As related to Turing completeness, Turing equivalence means having computational power equivalent to a universal Turing
Turing_equivalence
Concept in logic
for material equivalence, so proper interpretation would depend on the context. Logical equivalence is different from material equivalence, although the
Logical_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
equivalence may refer to: Weak equivalence of categories Weak equivalence (homotopy theory) Weak equivalence between simplicial sets Weak equivalence
Weak_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Principle of equivalence may refer to: The relativistic equivalence principle Carl Jung's second principle relating to the libido#Analytical psychology
Principle_of_equivalence
Non-normative mind-state
Psychic equivalence describes a mind-state where no distinction is drawn between the contents of the mind and the external world – where what is thought
Psychic_equivalence
Transfer of the meaning of something in one language into another
in one of the more recent terminologies to formal equivalence, and "paraphrase" to dynamic equivalence. The concept of metaphrase (i.e., word-for-word translation)
Translation
Equivalence relation on rings
In abstract algebra, Morita equivalence is a relationship defined between rings that preserves many ring-theoretic properties. More precisely, two rings
Morita_equivalence
In algebraic topology, a fiber-homotopy equivalence is a map over a space B that has homotopy inverse over B (that is if h t {\displaystyle h_{t}} is
Fiber-homotopy_equivalence
Topics referred to by the same term
Unitary equivalence may refer to: Unitary equivalence of bounded operators in Hilbert space; see self-adjoint operator Unitary equivalence of a unitary
Unitary_equivalence
Term used in political debates
Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions
Moral_equivalence
Software testing technique
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning (ECP) is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions
Equivalence_partitioning
particularly the area of topology, a simple-homotopy equivalence is a refinement of the concept of homotopy equivalence. Two CW-complexes are simple-homotopy equivalent
Simple-homotopy_equivalence
Semantic property
Observational equivalence is the property of two or more underlying entities being indistinguishable on the basis of their observable implications. Thus
Observational_equivalence
Mathematical ways to group elements of a set
exactly one subset. Every equivalence relation on a set defines a partition of this set, and every partition defines an equivalence relation. A set equipped
Partition_of_a_set
Hypothesis on the equivalence of tax vs. debt financing
The Ricardian equivalence proposition (also known as the Ricardo–de Viti–Barro equivalence theorem) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are
Ricardian_equivalence
Stage of electronic circuit design verification
Formal equivalence checking process is a part of electronic design automation (EDA), commonly used during the development of digital integrated circuits
Formal_equivalence_checking
Abstract mathematics relationship
In category theory, a branch of abstract mathematics, an equivalence of categories is a relation between two categories that establishes that these categories
Equivalence_of_categories
Topics referred to by the same term
Quasi-equivalence could refer to Weak equivalence (homotopy theory) Quasi-isometry Quasi-isomorphism The Caspar-Klug theory of viral capsids. This disambiguation
Quasi-equivalence
Logical connective
are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), and can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if"
If_and_only_if
Enharmonic equivalence In music theory, equivalence class is an equality (=) or equivalence between properties of sets (unordered) or twelve-tone rows
Equivalence_class_(music)
Stock market equivalence is granted by the European Union to those countries whose stock markets are deemed to be 'equivalent' to those of the EU countries
Stock_market_equivalence
Question in theoretical computer science
In theoretical computer science and formal language theory, the equivalence problem is the question of determining, given two representations of formal
Equivalence_problem
In ecology, functional equivalence (or functional redundancy) is the ecological phenomenon that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups
Functional equivalence (ecology)
Functional_equivalence_(ecology)
Particular ratio of chemical reactants
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of reactants have been mixed
Equivalence_point
Mathematical concept for comparing objects
mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) is a homogeneous
Partial_equivalence_relation
When formal languages generate the same set of strings
In formal language theory, weak equivalence of two grammars means they generate the same set of strings, i.e. that the formal language they generate is
Equivalence (formal languages)
Equivalence_(formal_languages)
automorphic equivalence, and regular equivalence. There is a hierarchy of the three equivalence concepts: any set of structural equivalences are also automorphic
Similarity_(network_science)
Distinct pitch classes sounding the same
In music, two written notes have enharmonic equivalence if they produce the same pitch but are notated differently. Similarly, written intervals, chords
Enharmonic_equivalence
Internet adage about Nazi comparisons
Undistributed middle Informal Equivocation Equivocation False equivalence False attribution Moral equivalence Conflation Quoting out of context Loki's Wager No true
Godwin's_law
Mathematical notion
resulting metric spaces share certain properties. This notion generalizes equivalence of norms to arbitrary metric spaces. Throughout the article, X {\displaystyle
Equivalence_of_metrics
Theorem in electromagnetism
In electromagnetism, surface equivalence principle or surface equivalence theorem relates an arbitrary current distribution within an imaginary closed
Surface_equivalence_principle
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from special relativity, has been called
Albert_Einstein
Interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency
below), the initial and final Cs being an octave apart. Because of octave equivalence, notes in a chord that are one or more octaves apart are said to be doubled
Octave
Differential geometry technique
In mathematics, Cartan's equivalence method is a technique in differential geometry for determining whether two geometrical structures are the same up
Cartan's_equivalence_method
Ternary relation analogous to a binary equivalence relation
mathematics, a ternary equivalence relation is a kind of ternary relation analogous to a binary equivalence relation. A ternary equivalence relation is symmetric
Ternary_equivalence_relation
related areas of mathematics, a hyperfinite equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X is a Borel equivalence relation E with countable classes, that
Hyperfinite equivalence relation
Hyperfinite_equivalence_relation
Princple in cell biology
According to the principle of nuclear equivalence, the nuclei of essentially all differentiated adult cells of an individual are genetically (though not
Nuclear_equivalence
Continuous deformation between two continuous functions
a homotopy H taking f to g as described above. Being homotopic is an equivalence relation on the set of all continuous functions from X to Y. This homotopy
Homotopy
Food safety testing method
In food safety, the concept of substantial equivalence holds that the safety of a new food, particularly one that has been genetically modified (GM),
Substantial_equivalence
Cell population in developmental biology
An equivalence group is a set of unspecified cells that have the same developmental potential or ability to adopt various fates. Our[who?] current understanding
Equivalence_group
EU assessment of third country financial regulations
The principle of equivalence in financial services at the European Union (EU) level is one of the instruments the Commission has at its disposal to carry
Equivalence in financial services
Equivalence_in_financial_services
In mathematics, a Borel equivalence relation on a Polish space X is an equivalence relation on X that is a Borel subset of X × X (in the product topology)
Borel_equivalence_relation
Equivalence relation between map germs
mathematics, A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} -equivalence, sometimes called right-left equivalence, is an equivalence relation between map germs. Let M {\displaystyle
A-equivalence
algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, an adequate equivalence relation is an equivalence relation on algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties
Adequate_equivalence_relation
Mathematical equivalence relation
Matrix equivalence is an equivalence relation on the space of rectangular matrices. For two rectangular matrices of the same size, their equivalence can
Matrix_equivalence
Mathematical theory of the geometry of space and time
physics are the same regardless of the coordinate system used, and the equivalence principle, which states that the effects of gravity are indistinguishable
Curved_spacetime
In the study of permutations and permutation patterns, Wilf equivalence is an equivalence relation on permutation classes. Two permutation classes are
Wilf_equivalence
Concept in model theory
unbounded dense linear ordering. This is sufficient to ensure elementary equivalence, because the theory of unbounded dense linear orderings is complete,
Elementary_equivalence
Mathematical statement of uniqueness, except for an equivalent structure
Two mathematical objects a and b are called "equal up to an equivalence relation R" if a and b are related by R, or, in notation, if aRb holds. Since
Up_to
In metadata, property equivalence is the statement that two properties have the same property extension or values. This usually (but not always) implies
Property_equivalence
Equivalency data in the table below is taken from the Ashton "Benzodiazepine Equivalence Table". Not all trade names are listed. An alternative table published
List_of_benzodiazepines
In the systems sciences system equivalence is the behavior of a parameter or component of a system in a way similar to a parameter or component of a different
System_equivalence
Reflexive and transitive binary relation
{\displaystyle -24} , ..., but no least one). Preorders are closely related to equivalence relations and (non-strict) partial orders. Both of these are special
Preorder
Indication of the electrical load on a telephone line
The ringer equivalence number (REN) is a telecommunications measure that represents the electrical loading effect of a telephone ringer on a telephone
Ringer_equivalence_number
Way of organizing classes in larger systems
In computer programming, package principles are a way of organizing classes in larger systems to make them more organized and manageable. They aid in understanding
Package_principles
Mathematical symbol of equality
conditional statements ("if x = 2, then ..."), or to express a universal equivalence ("(x + 1)2 = x2 + 2x + 1"). The first important computer programming
Equals_sign
Generalization of equivalence classes to scheme theory
In mathematics, given a category C, a quotient of an object X by an equivalence relation f : R → X × X {\displaystyle f:R\to X\times X} is a coequalizer
Quotient by an equivalence relation
Quotient_by_an_equivalence_relation
Social networking service owned by Meta Platforms
California Consumer Privacy Act. Some, such as Meghan McCain, have drawn an equivalence between the use of data by Cambridge Analytica and the Barack Obama's
A forwarding equivalence class (FEC) is a term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets with similar or identical characteristics
Forwarding_equivalence_class
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
space at the speed of light, not faster or instantaneously. Mass–energy equivalence: E = mc2, energy and mass are equivalent and transmutable. Relativistic
Theory_of_relativity
Operation in music
by transposition. It is similar to enharmonic equivalence, octave equivalence, and inversional equivalence. In many musical contexts, transpositionally
Transposition_(music)
Ability of a computing system to simulate Turing machines
languages today are Turing-complete. A related concept is that of Turing equivalence – two computers P and Q are called equivalent if P can simulate Q and
Turing_completeness
Equivalence of matrices under row operations
reversible, row equivalence is an equivalence relation. It is commonly denoted by a tilde (~). There is a similar notion of column equivalence, defined by
Row_equivalence
In theoretical computer science, stuttering equivalence, a relation written as π ∼ s t π ′ {\displaystyle \pi \sim _{st}\pi '} , can be seen as a partitioning
Stuttering_equivalence
In mathematical representation theory, two representations of a group on topological vector spaces are called Naimark equivalent (named after Mark Naimark)
Naimark_equivalence
Mapping which preserves all topological properties of a given space
space onto itself. Being "homeomorphic" is an equivalence relation on topological spaces. Its equivalence classes are called homeomorphism classes. The
Homeomorphism
Study of mathematical knots
intersecting itself, to coincide with another knot. The idea of knot equivalence is to give a precise definition of when two knots should be considered
Knot_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
In mathematics, Witt equivalence is either of two concepts in the theory of quadratic spaces: For fields: having isomorphic Witt rings For quadratic forms:
Witt_equivalence
Type of armour
protection with much thinner and lighter construction than its protective equivalence in RHA. Likewise, the term is also used as a unit of measurement of penetration
Rolled_homogeneous_armour
Iterative method used to solve a linear system of equations
Modified Richardson iteration is an iterative method for solving a system of linear equations. Richardson iteration was proposed by Lewis Fry Richardson
Modified_Richardson_iteration
President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)
"very fine people on both sides", were criticized as implying a moral equivalence between the white supremacist demonstrators and the counter-protesters
Donald_Trump
Compact astronomical body
yet to be included. In 1907, Einstein published a paper proposing his equivalence principle, the hypothesis that inertial mass and gravitational mass have
Black_hole
Probabilistic optimal control
centralized systems with only additive uncertainty is the certainty equivalence property: that the optimal control solution in this case is the same
Stochastic_control
Relationship between programs and proofs
mathematical proofs. It is also known as the Curry–Howard isomorphism or equivalence, or the proofs-as-programs and propositions- or formulae-as-types interpretation
Curry–Howard_correspondence
Mathematical equivalence relation
mathematics, K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} -equivalence, or contact equivalence, is an equivalence relation between map germs. It was introduced by
K-equivalence
Graph in acid-base chemistry
(because it changes depending on the composition of the two solutions). The equivalence point on the graph is where all of the starting solution (usually an
Titration_curve
Philippine universities do not have standard grade equivalence. Different universities have varied equivalence range, while passing grades are subject to imposed
Academic grading in the Philippines
Academic_grading_in_the_Philippines
Statistical property of measurement
Measurement invariance or measurement equivalence is a statistical property of measurement that indicates that the same construct is being measured across
Measurement_invariance
Equivalence is a term applied by the Uruguay Round Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. World Trade Organization (WTO)
Equivalence_(trade)
Class of units of measurement for explosive energy
equivalent, a unit of energy almost exactly 10 tonnes of TNT Mass–energy equivalence. The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth
TNT_equivalent
Concept in auction theory
Revenue equivalence is a concept in auction theory that states that given certain conditions, any mechanism that results in the same outcomes (i.e. allocates
Revenue_equivalence
Weighting technique in economics
equivalised income using the modified OECD equivalence scale, each member of the household is first given an equivalence value: 1.0 to the first adult; 0.5 to
Equivalisation
The optical equivalence theorem in quantum optics asserts an equivalence between the expectation value of an operator in Hilbert space and the expectation
Optical_equivalence_theorem
In mathematics, a weak equivalence is a notion from homotopy theory that in some sense identifies objects that have the same "shape". This notion is formalized
Weak equivalence (homotopy theory)
Weak_equivalence_(homotopy_theory)
Laboratory method for determining the concentration of an analyte
smooth and very steep near the equivalence point. Because of this, a small change in titrant volume near the equivalence point results in a large pH change
Titration
Mathematical-logic system
{FV} (M)\cup \operatorname {FV} (N)} . There are several notions of "equivalence" and "reduction" that make it possible to reduce lambda terms to equivalent
Lambda_calculus
Topological space construction
mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient
Quotient_space_(topology)
Model structure on the category of simplicial sets
Weak equivalences are weak categorical equivalences, hence morphisms between simplicial sets, whose geometric realization is a homotopy equivalence between
Joyal_model_structure
travel, tourism, insurance
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