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Number of incorrect bits transmitted
synchronization errors. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided
Bit_error_rate
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
equal, having the rate of type I errors and type II errors being equal (i.e. the CER) will result in the lowest overall error rate. In terms of false
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Computer language processing metric
Word error rate (WER) is a common metric of the performance of a speech recognition or machine translation system. The WER metric typically ranges from
Word_error_rate
Topics referred to by the same term
rate Residual bit error rate Soft error rate Technique for human error-rate prediction Viterbi error rate Word error rate Failure rate This disambiguation
Error_rate
Probability of making type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests
Family-wise error rate (FWER) is a term from statistics for the probability of making one or more false discoveries, or type I errors when performing
Family-wise_error_rate
Error rate in statistical mathematics
In statistical classification, Bayes error rate is the lowest possible error rate for any classifier of a random outcome (into, for example, one of two
Bayes_error_rate
Type of computing error
In electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong. Errors may be caused by a defect, usually understood either
Soft_error
per-comparison error rate (PCER) is the probability of a Type I error in the absence of any multiple hypothesis testing correction. This is a liberal error rate relative
Per-comparison_error_rate
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
rate is mathematically equal to the type I error rate, it is viewed as a separate term for the following reasons:[citation needed] The type I error rate
False_positive_rate
Text input method
total error rate: Total Error Rate = ((INF + IF)/ (C + INF + IF)) * 100% Not Corrected Error Rate = (INF/ (C + INF + IF)) * 100% Corrected Error Rate = (IF/
Typing
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also generate a bit-error rate (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving
Error_correction_code
Quality metric in digital transmission
The residual bit error rate (RBER) is a receive quality metric in digital transmission, one of several used to quantify the accuracy of the received data
Residual_bit_error_rate
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
In statistics, the false discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple
False_discovery_rate
use a decision-based (i.e., per contrast) error rate or does it instead use an experiment-wise error rate. Rodger's method, and some others, are classified
Rodger's_method
Type of data encoding
{2}}}\right),\ x\geq 0} . The error rates quoted here are those in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). These error rates are lower than those computed
Phase-shift_keying
Electro-mechanical data storage device
the error rate to be one uncorrected bit read error in every 1016 bits read, 2018 specifications for consumer SATA hard drives state the error rate to
Hard_disk_drive
Pattern-recognition performance metrics
complement of the type II error rate (i.e., one minus the type II error rate). Precision is related to the type I error rate, but in a slightly more complicated
Precision_and_recall
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud rate is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling
Symbol_rate
Statistical measure of a binary classification
underestimate it). A test with a higher sensitivity has a lower type II error rate. Consider the example of a medical test for diagnosing a disease. Specificity
Sensitivity_and_specificity
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
applications in computer science and telecommunications, error detection and correction (EDAC) or error control are techniques that enable reliable delivery
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Types of error in data reporting
processing based on ratios of errors of various types. The Boy Who Cried Wolf Base rate fallacy Blackstone's ratio False positive rate Positive and negative predictive
False positives and false negatives
False_positives_and_false_negatives
digital transmission, the Viterbi error rate, also known as the Viterbi bit error rate (VBER), is a measurement of error in the transmission of digital Information
Viterbi_error_rate
Process in quantum computing
error correction code that allowed them to achieve an error rate with logical qubits that is 800 times better than the underlying physical error rate
Quantum_error_correction
Self-correcting computer data storage
constant single-bit error rate of about 280 errors per day. However, on November 6, 1997, during the first month in space, the number of errors increased by
ECC_memory
Metric used in LTE networks
Block Error Rate (BLER) is a ratio of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit. It is used in measuring
Block_Error_Rate
Technique used in the field of human reliability assessment (HRA)
The Technique for human error-rate prediction (THERP) is a technique that is used in the field of Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) to evaluate the probability
Technique for human error-rate prediction
Technique_for_human_error-rate_prediction
Family of linear error-correcting codes
correct errors, and can detect only an odd number of bits in error. Hamming codes are perfect codes, that is, they achieve the highest possible rate for codes
Hamming_code
Metrics related to human characteristics
performances (rarer errors). Equal error rate or crossover error rate (EER or CER): the rate at which both acceptance and rejection errors are equal. The value
Biometrics
Classification of quantum processors
quantum error correction to achieve arbitrarily low error rates (i.e. their logical error rate is much lower than their physical error rate). Full-FTQC
Fault tolerant quantum computing
Fault_tolerant_quantum_computing
Non-parametric classification method
neighbour classifier guarantees an error rate of no worse than twice the Bayes error rate (the minimum achievable error rate given the distribution of the
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Logic error due to ignoring the base rate
or liability that are not analyzable as errors in base rates or Bayes's theorem. An example of the base rate fallacy is the false positive paradox (also
Base_rate_fallacy
Database of handwritten digits
In their original paper, they use a support-vector machine to get an error rate of 0.8%. The original MNIST dataset contains at least 4 wrong labels.
MNIST_database
Sigmoid shape special function
example, in determining the bit error rate of a digital communication system. The error and complementary error functions occur, for example, in solutions
Error_function
Method for assessing TV subtitles
stand for number, edit error and recognition error. It has been promoted as an alternative to Word error rate (Word Error Rate) which is a more objective
NER_model
Monitoring system in computer drives
M.A.R.T. information and annualized failure rates: In the 60 days following the first uncorrectable error on a drive (S.M.A.R.T. attribute 0xC6 or 198)
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology
Error-correcting codes
information theory and coding theory, Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Network service quality
traverses Jitter variation in packet delay at the receiver of the information Error rate the number of corrupted bits expressed as a percentage or fraction of
Network_performance
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false (inverse of the type II error rate). Experiments with low power have a higher probability of incorrectly
Statistical conclusion validity
Statistical_conclusion_validity
Loss of genetic information due to mutation rates
Error catastrophe refers to the cumulative loss of genetic information in a lineage of organisms due to high mutation rates. The mutation rate above which
Error_catastrophe
Statistical test for multiple comparisons
presented various definitions of error rates (1952a, 1952b, 1953). The Newman–Keuls method controls the Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) in the weak sense but
Newman–Keuls_method
Machine learning model for speech
fewer errors than other models. Whisper has a differing error rate with respect to transcribing different languages, with a higher word error rate in languages
Whisper (speech recognition system)
Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)
Post-hoc statistical test for pairwise comparisons
variance (ANOVA) result. The method is intended to control the Type I error rate while maintaining higher statistical power than more conservative adjustments
Fisher's least significant difference
Fisher's_least_significant_difference
Statistical technique used to correct for multiple comparisons
the expected number of Type I errors per family (the per-family Type I error rate). With respect to Family-wise error rate (FWER) control, the Bonferroni
Bonferroni_correction
Factor in safety, ergonomics and system resilience
detail for which failure or error probabilities can be assigned. This basic idea is behind the Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). THERP
Human_reliability
Problem in computer science
\epsilon } . In words, there is a positive error rate for which any algorithm will do worse than that error rate arbitrarily often, even as the size of the
Halting_problem
Fifth-generation mobile telecommunications standard
modulation and coding schemes (MCS) to maintain a low block error rate (BLER). When the error rate exceeds a threshold, the system automatically switches to
5G
Statistical interpretation with many tests
The probability of false positives is measured through the family-wise error rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Action with unintended consequences
Behavior-shaping constraint Error-tolerant design Human reliability Poka-yoke SHELL model User error Technique for human error-rate prediction Fallacy To err
Human_error
Normalized signal-to-noise ratio measure
as the "SNR per bit". It is especially useful when comparing the bit error rate (BER) performance of different digital modulation schemes without taking
Eb/N0
Topological quantum error correcting code
processors, Willow processor, demonstrating a below-threshold physical error rate. The surface code is defined on a two-dimensional lattice, usually chosen
Surface_code
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
at developing scalable qubits with longer coherence times and lower error rates. Example implementations include superconductors (which isolate an electrical
Quantum_computing
Concept in information theory
two standard evaluation metrics for language models: perplexity or word error rate (WER). The simpler of these measures, WER, is simply the percentage of
Perplexity
Electronic fault caused by radiation
particular test methodology is especially useful for predicting the SER (soft error rate) in known space environments but can be problematic for estimating terrestrial
Single-event_upset
Part of a gene that is spliced away
have shown that the actual error rate can be considerably higher than 10−5 and may be as high as 2% or 3% errors (error rate of 2 or 3×10−2) per gene.
Intron
Quantitative measurement of accuracy
or values, to a classifier that represent its accuracy. An example is error rate, which measures how frequently the classifier makes a mistake. There are
Evaluation of binary classifiers
Evaluation_of_binary_classifiers
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
systems, link adaptation (automatic adaptation of the data rate and the modulation and/or error coding scheme to the signal quality) is often applied. In
Bit_rate
Edge of tissue removed by surgery
will note a high false negative error rate with narrow surgical margin; and one will note a low false negative error with a wide surgical margin Surgical
Resection_margin
Criminal justice identification process
correct identification rate and mistaken rate increased in a sequential lineup lap when the suspect was present; the error rate increased only when the
Police_lineup
Concept in machine learning
in statistics and machine learning is the phenomenon where a model's error rate on the test set initially decreases with the number of parameters, then
Double_descent
Predictive model of human movement
the observed error rate was 4% in the sequence of trials, then We = W. If the error rate was greater than 4%, We > W, and if the error rate was less than
Fitts's_law
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
However, once the rate of errors surpasses the correction threshold, the media becomes vulnerable to failure. A high error rate can signal physical
Optical_disc
Artificial intelligence detection software
tool, and said that while the "results are impressive", based on its error rate, teachers relying on the tool would end up "falsely accusing nearly 20
GPTZero
Measurement in DNA sequencing
estimated error rate in assemblies that were created automatically with Phred and Phrap is typically substantially lower than the error rate of manually
Phred_quality_score
Metric for digital communication link
user-visible error rate than the raw bit error rate. For many modern packet-switched communication systems, even a single uncorrected bit error is enough
Errored_second
Quantum error correction schemes can suppress the logical error rate arbitrarily low
physical error rate below a certain threshold can, through application of quantum error correction schemes, suppress the logical error rate to arbitrarily
Threshold_theorem
Statistical method
problem of multiple comparisons. It is intended to control the family-wise error rate (FWER) and offers a simple test uniformly more powerful than the Bonferroni
Holm–Bonferroni_method
Image dataset
contest, having 3.57% error on the test set. Andrej Karpathy estimated in 2014 that with concentrated effort, he could reach 5.1% error rate, and ~10 people
ImageNet
Non-redundant proportion of an error correction code data stream
telecommunication and information theory, the code rate (or information rate) of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data-stream
Code_rate
Baseball statistic
Traditionally, the number of errors was a statistic used to quantify the skill of a fielder. Research has shown that the error rate is higher when the quality
Fielding_error
Multiple comparisons correction
method to control the family-wise error rate. When all null hypotheses are true, the method provides familywise error control that is exact for tests that
Šidák_correction
Family of digital modulation methods
increasing the bit error rate requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by increasing signal energy, reducing noise, or both. If data rates beyond those
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Statistical test for multiple comparisons
test is essentially a t-test, except that it corrects for family-wise error rate. The formula for Tukey's test is q s = | Y A − Y B | S E , {\displaystyle
Tukey's_range_test
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
Reed–Solomon error correction codes that steepen the overall bit-error-rate curve and produce extremely low residual undetected error rates. Both Viterbi
Convolutional_code
Influential 2012 deep convolutional neural network
Recognition Challenge on September 30, 2012. The network achieved a top-5 error rate of 15.3% to win the contest, more than 10.8% above the runner-up. The
AlexNet
Preparation and analysis method for DNA
double-stranded DNA to detect mutations with higher accuracy and lower error rates. This method uses degenerate molecular tags in addition to sequencing
Duplex_sequencing
Method of statistical inference
on optimality. For a fixed level of Type I error rate, use of these statistics minimizes Type II error rates (equivalent to maximizing power). The following
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Automatic conversion of spoken language into text
usually rated with word error rate (WER), whereas speed is measured in elapsed time. Other measures of accuracy include Single Word Error Rate (SWER) and
Speech_recognition
Control loop feedback mechanism
Lastly, the derivative (D) component predicts future error by assessing the rate of change of the error, which helps to mitigate overshoot and enhance system
PID_controller
Data storage technology
procedure. Drive capacity has grown at a much faster rate than transfer speed, and error rates have only fallen a little in comparison. Therefore, larger-capacity
RAID
Physical or logical connection used for transmission of information
where packets are lost with a certain packet loss probability or packet error rate Arbitrarily varying channel (AVC), where the behavior and state of the
Communication_channel
Topics referred to by the same term
program for ensuring employment through a society's needs Unrecoverable bit error rate, a media assessment measure related to the hard disk drive storage technology
UBE
Equivalence of average-case and expected complexity
an error, the error rate of an algorithm. Choosing the hardest possible input distribution, and the algorithm that achieves the lowest error rate against
Yao's_principle
Legal concept
While conviction rates can be illustrative of the success of prosecutorial efforts, they also may depict the prevalence of Type I error (criminal conviction
Conviction_rate
Change of statistical properties over time
Detection Method): detects drift by monitoring the model's error rate over time. When the error rate passes a set threshold, it enters a warning phase, and
Concept_drift
Error correction in biochemical reactions
increased arbitrarily, at the cost of decreasing production rate. In protein synthesis, the error rate is on the order of 10 − 4 = e − 9.2 {\displaystyle 10^{-4}=e^{-9
Kinetic_proofreading
with higher error rates compared to the European average. Among Romanian pollsters, INSCOP has recorded the lowest pre-election error rate at 14.0%, while
Next Romanian parliamentary election
Next_Romanian_parliamentary_election
Theorem that tells the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted
tightest upper bound on the information rate of data that can be communicated at an arbitrarily low error rate using an average received signal power S
Shannon–Hartley_theorem
Line code used in Ethernet technologies
noise that follows a Gaussian distribution, and the impact on the system error rate can be statistically quantified. In practice, a modest coupling capacitor
64b/66b_encoding
Storage of digital data readable by computers
measuring correctable minor errors, of which high counts signify deteriorating and/or low-quality media. Too many consecutive minor errors can lead to data corruption
Computer_data_storage
Statistical measure of a test's accuracy
characteristic ROUGE (metric) Uncertainty coefficient, aka Proficiency Word error rate LEPOR Sasaki, Y. (2007). "The truth of the F-measure" (PDF). Teach Tutor
F-score
translation length do not impact the overall score as much. The Word error rate (WER) is a metric based on the Levenshtein distance, where the Levenshtein
Evaluation of machine translation
Evaluation_of_machine_translation
2005 essay written by John Ioannidis
{\displaystyle \alpha } is the type I error rate (false positives) and β {\displaystyle \beta } is the type II error rate (false negatives); the statistical
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Why_Most_Published_Research_Findings_Are_False
Electromechanical device
a very low error rate is needed, the synchronizers may include additional flip-flops in order to achieve an acceptably low bit error rate. In many cases
Incremental_encoder
Disturbance in an electrical circuit due to external sources of radio waves
the case of a data path, these effects can range from an increase in error rate to a total loss of the data. Both human-made and natural sources generate
Electromagnetic_interference
Internal representation of world by AI
training planners in simulated worlds. However, pixel reconstruction error rate with episodic rewards often fails. Other: Epic-Kitchens-100 (often measured
World model (artificial intelligence)
World_model_(artificial_intelligence)
who was Tom and Jim's roommate. The first product was a 160 Mbit/s bit error rate tester (BERT) called the BitAlyzer 160 that debuted in 1989. The company
SyntheSys_Research
Statistical analyses that were not specified before the data were seen
test, conducting multiple post hoc comparisons introduces a family-wise error rate problem, which is a type of multiple testing problem. This increases the
Post_hoc_analysis
Statistical post-hoc test for multiple comparisons
family-wise error rate (FWER) when performing multiple comparisons. Without such control, the probability of making at least one Type I error increases
Tukey's_B_method
Metric used for testing NLP models
statistics. BLEU F-Measure METEOR NIST (metric) Noun-phrase chunking Word error rate (WER) Lin, Chin-Yew. 2004. ROUGE: a Package for Automatic Evaluation of
ROUGE_(metric)
Preventable adverse effect of medical care
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an
Medical_error
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
Male
Swiss
, axe, or, terror.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Without Error
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Boy/Male
Tamil
King of terror
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi
Error-less
Boy/Male
English American German Latin Scottish
Army commander. Army, weald power. Also can be a, meaning nobleman. Famous bearer: Australian...
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
The Comedy of Errors' A merchant.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, Danish, English, German, Jamaican, Latin, Scottish
To Wander; Nobleman; Leader; Earl; Wanderer
Female
Arthurian
, error for Nineve (q.v.).
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Girl/Female
Shakespearean
The Comedy of Errors' Adriana's servant.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Tamil
Terror; Kings; Royal
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Indian, Scottish, Teutonic
Maker of Arrows; Arror Featherer
Boy/Male
Hindu
King of terror
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Boy/Male
Anglo Saxon
Terror.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Gaelic, Irish
Terror; Lovers
Male
English
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, from a place name possibly ERROL means "to wander."Â
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wanderering Noble
Male
Swiss
, axe, or, terror.
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
Boy/Male
Tamil
Devajyoti | தேவஜà¯à®¯à¯‹à®¤à®¿
Brightness of the Lord
Girl/Female
Persian
Moon.
Female
English
English name derived from the Greek word thelema, THELMA means "will." In use by the English.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Biblical, British, Christian, English, Hebrew
The Lord is Good; Goodness of God; God is Good
Boy/Male
Hindu
Shivas bow
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Moon's Light Lamp
Female
Egyptian
, Imparting Life to her Skin.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Sliver; Freshness and Smile; Smiling One
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the personal name Coll + the pejorative suffix -ard.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Worshipped in Three World's; Worshipped in Three Worlds
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
ERROR RATE
a.
Full of error; wrong.
n.
The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity.
n.
A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.
n.
A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault.
n.
One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error.
n.
An error; a mistake.
n.
Misguidance; error.
n.
Exemption from error.
n.
A wandering; a roving or irregular course.
n.
A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base.
a.
Liable to error; fallible.
n.
A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact.
n.
An error in pleading.
n.
The difference between the approximate result and the true result; -- used particularly in the rule of double position.
n.
One who leads into error.
n.
Erroneous thought; mistaken opinion; error.
n.
A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.
n.
The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; -- sometimes called residual error.
n.
Liability to error.
n.
Mistake; error; fault.