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Preparation and analysis method for DNA
Duplex sequencing is a library preparation and analysis method for next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms that employs random tagging of double-stranded
Duplex_sequencing
Tumor-derived fragmented DNA in the bloodstream
approach is 9 in 1 million. Duplex sequencing is an improvement on the single UIDs added in the Safe-Seq technique. In duplex sequencing, randomized double-stranded
Circulating_tumor_DNA
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
Whole genome sequencing (WGS), also known as full genome sequencing or just genome sequencing, is the process of determining the entirety of the DNA sequence
Whole_genome_sequencing
"Construction of Normalized RNA-seq Libraries for Next-Generation Sequencing Using the Crab Duplex-Specific Nuclease". Current Protocols in Molecular Biology
Crab_duplex-specific_nuclease
American scientist and cancer researcher
radicals. Loeb's laboratory developed “Duplex Sequencing” technology, which permits high accuracy high throughput sequencing for the identification of low prevalence
Lawrence_A._Loeb
File format for sequences and quality scores
become the de facto standard for storing the output of high-throughput sequencing instruments such as the Illumina Genome Analyzer. A FASTQ file has four
FASTQ_format
Female sex organ in mammals
other animals, and in some, it exists as two separate uteri known as a duplex uterus. In medicine and related professions, the term uterus is consistently
Uterus
Mutation that shifts codon alignment
cloning and sequencing of the suspect gene. The amino acid sequence encoded by the gene is then predicted. NA Sequencing: Sanger sequencing or Next-Generation
Frameshift_mutation
Medical condition
single-gene testing or multigene panel of genes of interest or exome sequencing. Fryns–Aftimos syndrome is a genetic conditions that presents with a multitude
Fryns–Aftimos_syndrome
In epitranscriptomic sequencing, most methods focus on either (1) enrichment and purification of the modified RNA molecules before running on the RNA sequencer
Epitranscriptomic_sequencing
Modified polymerase chain reaction protocol
they are selectively denatured at the Tc. Primer annealing stage. The homo-duplex DNA will preferentially remain double stranded and not be available for
COLD-PCR
Biological molecule
than a similar mismatch in a DNA/DNA duplex. This binding strength and specificity also applies to PNA/RNA duplexes. PNAs are not easily recognized by either
Peptide_nucleic_acid
massively parallel DNA sequencing. An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, which consists of a DNA-RNA hybrid duplex and a displaced single
DRIP-seq
Technology for screening small molecule compounds
reaction (PCR) and identified by virtue of their DNA code (e.g.by DNA sequencing). In evolution-based DEL technologies hits can be further enriched by
DNA-encoded_chemical_library
Former professor at Harvard University, ETH Zurich, and the University of Florida
naturally-encoded 20 amino acids, and provides insight into how nucleic acids form duplex structures, how proteins interact with nucleic acids, and how alternative
Steven_A._Benner
Species of gastropod
radular morphology; while species of Xenuroturris were characterized by "duplex" marginal radular teeth, those assigned to Iotyrris possessed "semi-enrolled"
Xenuroturris_kingae
Enzyme
as the precursor to Sequenase, an engineered-enzyme optimized for DNA sequencing. Figure 2. Nucleotidyl transfer by DNA polymerase. T7 DNA polymerase catalyzes
T7_DNA_polymerase
Class of short biopolymers
to their respective complementary oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA to form duplexes or, less often, hybrids of a higher order. This basic property serves as
Oligonucleotide
Enzyme which generates DNA
the laboratory to convert RNA to DNA for use in molecular cloning, RNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or genome analysis. Reverse transcriptases
Reverse_transcriptase
sequence with traditional and high throughput DNA sequencing methods (see Sanger sequencing and DNA sequencing). However, these methods provide large amounts
Surveyor_nuclease_assay
Mutation that removes a part of a DNA sequence
(2013). "Partial Base Flipping is Sufficient for Strand Slippage near DNA Duplex Termini". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (22): 8274–8282
Deletion_(genetics)
Species of gastropod
marginal teeth of the radula of Xenuroturris species were characterized as "duplex", while those of Iotyrris were "semi-enrolled". However, in their 2024 generic
Iotyrris_olangoensis
Herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles
approximately 8 nm long. The genome was first sequenced in 1986. It is a linear duplex DNA molecule, a laboratory strain has 124,884 base pairs. The genome has
Varicella_zoster_virus
Study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure
a single complex, which in the case of two strands is referred to as a duplex. Oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA will bind to their complement under normal
Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics
Set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis
result of a single stranded RNA forming hydrogen bonds with an RNA duplex; the duplex consists of Watson-Crick base pairing while the third strand binds
Triple_helix
Thermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
can vary widely between Taqs, which has profound effects in downstream sequencing applications. Taq makes DNA products that have A (adenine) overhangs at
Taq_polymerase
Sequencing technique for non-coding RNA
species, which have been difficult to characterize using traditional cDNA sequencing approaches. OTTR leverages a retroelement reverse transcriptase (RT),
Ordered_two-template_relay
Two nucleobases bound by hydrogen bonds
Purine–pyrimidine base-pairing of AT or GC or UA (in RNA) results in proper duplex structure. The only other purine–pyrimidine pairings would be AC and GT
Base_pair
Molecule that carries genetic information
Al-Hashimi HM (2013). "A historical account of Hoogsteen base-pairs in duplex DNA". Biopolymers. 99 (12): 955–68. doi:10.1002/bip.22334. PMC 3844552.
DNA
Enzymes that catalyze DNA formation
and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex. During this process, DNA polymerase "reads" the existing
DNA_polymerase
Region of repetitive nucleotide sequences on chromosomes
Bianchi A, Moss H, de Lange T (May 1999). "Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop". Cell. 97 (4): 503–14. Bibcode:1999Cell...97..503G. doi:10
Telomere
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
the loop joining the 3' and 5' arms, yielding an imperfect miRNA:miRNA* duplex about 22 nucleotides in length. Overall hairpin length and loop size influence
MicroRNA
Structure in molecular biology
enables the melting of the duplex DNA to unmask the PQS, adopting a G-quadruplex fold. With the use of genome-wide ChIP-sequencing analyses, cell-based assays
G-quadruplex
Three-stranded nucleic acid structure
Three main classes of enzyme can remove RNA that becomes trapped in the duplex within an R-loop. RNaseH enzymes are the primary proteins responsible for
R-loop
Viral disease affecting parrots
which can detect the virus in extremely small quantities, whole-genome sequencing, histology, immunohistochemical tests, and quantitative haemagglutination
Psittacine beak and feather disease
Psittacine_beak_and_feather_disease
Device or software used for recording, editing and producing audio files
or NewTek's Video Toaster, thus providing a complete package of MIDI sequencing and/or video synchronization with non-linear hard disk recording. In 1993
Digital_audio_workstation
Compound analogous to naturally occurring RNA and DNA
not accommodate stacked Hg2+ in a duplex due to an intrastrand hairpin formation process that is favored over duplex formation. Two thymines across from
Nucleic_acid_analogue
complete the process of repair replication. Two molecules of the original duplex should result. The whole cycle could be repeated, there being added every
History of polymerase chain reaction
History_of_polymerase_chain_reaction
MiRNA with variations
precursor generates the same miRNA sequences. However, the advent of deep sequencing has now allowed researchers to detect a huge variability in miRNA biogenesis
IsomiR
Class of enzymes
phosphodiester bond. It plays a role in repairing single-strand breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms, but some forms (such as DNA ligase IV) may specifically
DNA_ligase
and DNA can be used for a variety of applications, such as genotyping, sequencing, and detection of bacteria or viruses. There are two different types of
NASBA_(molecular_biology)
Technique used to identify individuals via DNA characteristics
advent of high-throughput sequencing, reduced-representation sequencing methods such as restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) enable genome-wide
DNA_profiling
away from the same origin; this results in a bubble-like region where the duplex molecule is locally separated into two single strands. binary fission The
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(0–L)
High resolution melt technique for detection of mutations, polymorphisms in Dna
namely: It is cost-effective vs. other genotyping technologies such as sequencing and TaqMan SNP typing. This makes it ideal for large scale genotyping
High-resolution melting analysis
High-resolution_melting_analysis
Laboratory technique to multiply an RNA sample for study
RT-PCR can be used without qPCR, for example to enable molecular cloning, sequencing or simple detection of RNA. Conversely, qPCR may be used without RT-PCR
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction
System for exchanging messages between computing systems
addressed if transmissions can only occur in one direction at a time as on half-duplex links or from one sender at a time as on a shared medium. This is known
Communication_protocol
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sm-like proteins binds to the 3'-end of U6 snRNA, thereby facilitating U4/U6 duplex formation in vitro". The EMBO Journal. 18 (20): 5789–5802. doi:10.1093/emboj/18
LSM8
are blunt or recessed 3´-termini, although ExoIII also acts at nicks in duplex DNA to produce single-strand gaps. The enzyme is not active on single-stranded
Exonuclease_III
Molecular biology technique
efficiency and specificity of hybridization include ionic strength, viscosity, duplex length, mismatched base pairs, and base composition. The membrane is washed
Northern_blot
replication - DNA sequencing - DNase - dominant - dot blot - double helix - downstream (DNA) - downstream (transduction) - drimenol cyclase- ds - duplex - E. coli
Index of molecular biology articles
Index_of_molecular_biology_articles
Genus of bacteria
nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Genetic material is a single DNA duplex and is naked. Ribosomes are 70S type. Possess a replicating disc at one
Mycoplasma
Under-construction passenger rail system in the US
report to state legislators, the Authority laid out the option of re-sequencing the project such that Merced, which so far had been prioritized as the
California_High-Speed_Rail
Combines the features of a synthesizer, sequencer, and sampler
sampler, with extensive hands-on control of both the sound engine and the sequencing flow. It was intended primarily for live performance of pre-programmed
Roland_MC-909
Species of bacterium
species, due to its higher degree of variation in comparison to 16S rRNA. A duplex PCR assay has been validated for the identification of N. seriolae in largemouth
Nocardia_seriolae
Family of large biological molecules
JM, Ribeiro NS, Reid BR (April 1993). "The DNA strand in DNA.RNA hybrid duplexes is neither B-form nor A-form in solution". Biochemistry. 32 (16): 4207–4215
RNA
X-linked dominant genetic disorder
the complementary CGG-repeat portion of the FMR1 gene to form an RNA·DNA duplex. A subset of people with intellectual disability and symptoms resembling
Fragile_X_syndrome
Genus of fishes
Coregonus confusus Fatio, 1885 Coregonus danneri C. C. Vogt, 1908 Coregonus duplex Fatio, 1890 Coregonus fatioi Kottelat, 1997 †Coregonus fera Jurine, 1825
Coregonus
DNA profiling technique
duplexes, primer–template complexes, and enzyme-bound intermediates. Within this mixture, the relatively rare but productive primer–template duplexes
DNA amplification fingerprinting
DNA_amplification_fingerprinting
DNA sequence whose position in the genome is variable
ligates the donor strand to the target strand. The structure formed by the duplex of DNA and transposase in replicative transposons is known as the Shapiro
Mobile_genetic_elements
DNA methyltransferase enzyme
methylation pattern. Kinetic studies have shown that M.SssI methylates duplex DNA in a processive manner, meaning it can methylate multiple sites on a
CpG_methyltransferase
Genus of lichens
in host choice. Puttea caesia (Fr.) M.Svenss. & T.Sprib. (2012) Puttea duplex (Coppins & Aptroot) M.Svenss. (2017) Puttea exsequens (Nyl.) Printzen &
Puttea
Genus of gastropods
radular morphology; while species of Xenuroturris were characterized by "duplex" marginal radular teeth, those assigned to Iotyrris possessed "semi-enrolled"
Xenuroturris
Study of DNA modifications that do not change its sequence
2014). "Mapping structurally defined guanine oxidation products along DNA duplexes: influence of local sequence context and endogenous cytosine methylation"
Epigenetics
Class of small RNA molecules
methylation site of the target RNA and enables the snoRNA to form an RNA duplex with the RNA. The nucleotide to be modified in the target RNA is usually
Small_nucleolar_RNA
Engineering and technology award of South Korea
2019. Retrieved 13 December 2025. "Virtual Distinguished Lecture - Full Duplex Radios: An Idea Whose Time Has Come To Reality". IEEE vTools. Institute
NAEK_Award
Benzo-homologated DNA analogue
complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences. Duplexes formed from xDNA are similar to natural duplexes aside from the distance between the two sugar-phosphate
XDNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Sm-like proteins binds to the 3'-end of U6 snRNA, thereby facilitating U4/U6 duplex formation in vitro". EMBO J. 18 (20): 5789–802. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.20
LSM5
Protein-coding gene in humans
Poustka A (Mar 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome
RUVBL2
Protein-coding gene in humans
works best in the positive direction of already split DNA - commonly the duplex form. DDX11's role in sister chromatid cohesion is an active area of research
DDX11
Class of plant small RNAs
small-RNA sequencing by statistically significant periodicity in mapped reads. Counts therefore vary with tissue sampling, developmental stage, sequencing depth
Phased_small_interfering_RNA
mechanism is apparently used by the LLM in chain of reason processes when sequencing high level concepts and ideas. On 14 July, Scientific American reported
Timeline of artificial intelligence
Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence
Process of oxidative damage of deoxyribonucleic acid
8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is the most common oxidative lesion observed in duplex DNA because guanosine has a lower one-electron reduction potential than
DNA_oxidation
(1×106) bases in single-stranded molecules or one million base pairs in duplex molecules such as double-stranded DNA. meiosis A specialized type of cell
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Single stranded RNA
capable of downregulating the expression of ompF under stress by forming a duplex with the ompF mRNA. This induces the degradation of the ompF mRNA. Unlike
Antisense_RNA
DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms
phase. These daughter copies each contains one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand. This mechanism is conserved from
Eukaryotic_DNA_replication
of stainless steels ISO 3651-1:1998 Austenitic and ferritic-austenitic (duplex) stainless steels — Corrosion test in nitric acid medium by measurement
List of ISO standards 3000–4999
List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999
Chemical compound
Dohme under the trade name Cosmegen. Because actinomycin can bind DNA duplexes, it can also interfere with DNA replication, although other chemicals such
Dactinomycin
Enzyme used to distinguish between single and double stranded DNA and RNA
Nuclease, Mung Bean Nuclease will not cleave the intact strand of nicked duplex DNA. Its ability to recognise double-stranded nucleic acids depends on the
Mung_bean_nuclease
Chinese competitiveness regarding 4G. Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Duplex is being implemented as China's indigenous 4G standard. The Royal Society
Science and technology in China
Science_and_technology_in_China
2013 studio album by Mac Miller
Movies" and more subdued affairs like "Suplexes Inside of Complexes And Duplexes". This is due to Mac's excellent production throughout as Larry Fisherman"
Watching Movies with the Sound Off
Watching_Movies_with_the_Sound_Off
Set of standards
more specifically, these bonds are phosphodiester bonds. Here, a 100bp duplex DNA piece is partially ligated. The consequence of this is that dimers of
Molecular-weight_size_marker
distinguishing between miRNAs with similar sequences. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (2005): NGS begins with RNA extraction and reverse transcription
MicroRNA_biosensors
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
FAN1 dimer, the SAP regions of both FAN1 enzymes make contact with the DNA duplex (dsDNA). This double contact facilitates DNA induced dimerization, as well
FAN1
Sound card for IBM PC compatibles
installation CD. Also, the UltraSound required two DMA channels for full-duplex operation, and 16-bit channels were generally faster, so many users chose
Gravis_UltraSound
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gorovets D, Zhang J, Kastenhuber ER, et al. (October 2012). "Whole-exome sequencing identifies ATRX mutation as a key molecular determinant in lower-grade
ATRX
Damage in DNA which occurs naturally
For example, in fission yeast and humans, RecA homologues promote duplex-duplex DNA-strand exchange needed for repair of many types of DNA lesions.
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)
Protein-coding gene in humans
PMID 14661080. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36
ERCC8
Transcription is heterocatalytic function of DNA
absence of a primer. This generates a nascent RNA chain that forms a hetero-duplex with the template DNA strand. However, before entering the elongation phase
Eukaryotic_transcription
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
transcripts are found in many species. Large-scale complementary DNA (cDNA) sequencing projects such as FANTOM reveal the complexity of these transcripts in
Long_non-coding_RNA
Protein-coding gene in humans
Auclair D, Bochicchio J, et al. (August 2012). "Medulloblastoma exome sequencing uncovers subtype-specific somatic mutations". Nature. 488 (7409): 106–110
DDX3X
Type of genomic structure
human cell lines. In 2017, Turner et al. identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), cytogenetic analysis, and structural modeling that extrachromosomal
Extrachromosomal_circular_DNA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Poustka A (Mar 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome
ASCC3
Species of fungus
match the family tree returned using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. This suggests that the geo1 gene might be evolving in response to specific
Geosmithia_morbida
Species of archaeon
through transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The main reason for sequencing these microorganisms is to study the thermostability of proteins which
Sulfolobus_solfataricus
EK, Kim YS, et al. (April 2005). "Highly sensitive signal detection of duplex dye-labelled DNA oligonucleotides in a PDMS microfluidic chip: confocal
Droplet-based_microfluidics
Proposed alternative scenarios related to abiogenesis
Blum noted in 1957 that if proto-nucleic acid chains spontaneously form duplex structures, then there is no way to dissociate them. The Oparin-Haldane
Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Alternative_abiogenesis_scenarios
DNA profiling technique
low-stringency methods. As cycling proceeds, productive primer–template duplexes are preferentially converted into product, yielding a reproducible but
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA
Random_amplification_of_polymorphic_DNA
Medical condition
of urine, from the bladder back into the ureters, toward the kidneys); duplex of the uterus and vagina in female infants, neonatal cholestasis of the
Johanson–Blizzard_syndrome
Classification of eukaryotes
Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae), with an emphasis on Pediastrum duplex". Journal of Phycology. 47 (1): 152–163. Bibcode:2011JPcgy..47..152M. doi:10
Protist_classification
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection
digital polymerase chain reaction, microarray analysis, and next-generation sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a process that amplifies (replicates)
COVID-19_testing
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DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
DUPLEX SEQUENCING
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