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See searches and references containing ESTONIAN LANGUAGE!ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
Finnic language
Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsʲti ˈkeːl] ) is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language
Estonian_language
The official language of Estonia is Estonian, a Uralic language of the Finnic branch, which is related to Finnish. It is unrelated to the bordering Russian
Languages_of_Estonia
Finnic language spoken in South Estonia
dialects. Diachronically speaking, Estonian and South Estonian are in separate branches of the Finnic languages, with Estonian being more closely related to
South_Estonian
Finnic ethnic group
Estonians or Estonian people (Estonian: eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to the Baltic Sea region in Northern Europe, primarily Estonia. Estonians
Estonians
Country in Northern Europe
The Estonian language, of the Finnic family, is the official language and the first language of the majority of nearly 1.4 million people. Estonia is one
Estonia
revival movements of pre-Christian Estonian beliefs. Estonization Baltic Germans Estonian Swedes Russians in Estonia Võros Aging of Europe ERR, Jaak Valge
Demographics_of_Estonia
Dialect of the South Estonian language
(/ˈvɒroʊ/ VORR-oh; Võro: võro kiilʼ [ˈvɤro kʲiːlʲ], Estonian: võru keel) is a South Estonian language. It has its own literary standard and efforts have
Võro_language
Soviet republic from 1940 to 1991
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR, ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia, was a de facto administrative subunit (union republic) of the
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
Ethnic Russians living in Estonia
the former USSR during the 1944–1991 Soviet occupation of Estonia. The modern Estonian-language word for Russians vene(lane) is probably related to an old
Russians_in_Estonia
Language family of Northeastern Europe
and Estonia. Traditionally, eight Finnic languages have been recognized. The major modern representatives of the family are Finnish and Estonian, the
Finnic_languages
Finnic language in western Latvia
a knowledge of Estonian spread among those Livonians and words of Estonian origin also came into Livonian. There are about 800 Estonian loanwords in Livonian
Livonian_language
Language regulating institution in Estonia
the Estonian language and it serves as the main body regulating standard Estonian orthography. The institute researches modern Estonian language, the
Institute of the Estonian Language
Institute_of_the_Estonian_Language
Topics referred to by the same term
region in northern Europe Estonians, people from Estonia, or of Estonian descent Estonian language Estonian cuisine Estonian culture All pages with titles
Estonian
Act (in Estonian) Estonian Holidays in 2014 List of holidays celebrated in the European Union in 2006 was used for translation: in Estonian in English
Public_holidays_in_Estonia
Swedish-speaking minority of Estonia
The Estonian Swedes (Swedish: estlandssvenskar, or aibofolke, "island people"; Estonian: eestirootslased, or rannarootslased, "coastal Swedes") are a
Estonian_Swedes
Language family of Northern Eurasia
and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian. Other languages with over 100,000 speakers are
Uralic_languages
Vocabulary of Estonian language
Estonian vocabulary, i.e., the vocabulary of the Estonian language, was influenced by many other language groups. The heaviest external contribution,
Estonian_vocabulary
established on 2 February 1920 after the Estonian War of Independence ended in Estonian victory with Russia recognizing Estonia's sovereignty and renounced any and
Estonia–Russia_relations
National sign language of Estonia
Estonian Sign Language (Estonian: eesti viipekeel, EVK) is the national sign language of Estonia. Research into the origins and nature of EVK did not begin
Estonian_Sign_Language
Dialects of Swedish spoken in Estonia
Estonian Swedish (Swedish: estlandssvenska; Estonian: rannarootsi keel, lit. 'Coastal Swedish') are the eastern varieties of the Swedish language that
Estonian_Swedish
the Estonian Defence League List of active Estonian Navy ships List of Estonian Navy ships Estonian Air Force Equipment List of historic Estonian Air
List of equipment of the Estonian Defence Forces
List_of_equipment_of_the_Estonian_Defence_Forces
Changing of names from other languages into Estonian
names from other languages into Estonian. Less often, the term has also been applied in the context of the development of Estonian language, culture and identity
Estonianization
Men's association football team
The Estonia men's national football team (Estonian: Eesti Jalgpallikoondis) represents Estonia in international football matches and is controlled by the
Estonia national football team
Estonia_national_football_team
Estonian-language edition of Wikipedia
The Estonian Wikipedia (Estonian: Eestikeelne Vikipeedia) is the Estonian version of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, started on 24 August 2002. As of
Estonian_Wikipedia
Grammar of the Estonian language
Estonian grammar is the grammar of the Estonian language. Look up Appendix:Estonian nominal inflection in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Inflectional
Estonian_grammar
Estonian literature (Estonian: eesti kirjandus) is literature written in the Estonian language (c. 1,100,000 speakers) The oldest records of written Estonian
Estonian_literature
1994 maritime disaster on Baltic Sea
the passengers were Swedish, although some were of Estonian origin; most of the crew were Estonian. The ship was fully loaded, and was listing slightly
Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia
East Slavic language
February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. "Estonia's Russian schools to switch to Estonian-language schooling". Estonian World. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 2
Russian_language
The Estonian flag was from 1940 until 1991 continuously used by the Estonian government-in-exile, diplomatic service, and the diaspora of Estonian refugees
Flag_of_Estonia
1796–1917 unit of Russia
the Estonian culture were seen, especially for the Estonian-language Alexander School [et], the Society of Estonian Literati, and the all-Estonian song
Governorate_of_Estonia
Armed forces of Estonia
The Estonian Defence Forces, EDF (Estonian: Eesti Kaitsevägi), is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists
Estonian_Defence_Forces
Orthography of the Estonian language
Estonian orthography is the system used for writing the Estonian language and is based on the Latin alphabet. The Estonian orthography is generally guided
Estonian_orthography
Political party in Estonia
People's Party of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond, EKRE) is a nationalist and right-wing populist political party in Estonia led by Martin
Conservative People's Party of Estonia
Conservative_People's_Party_of_Estonia
Town in Harju County, Estonia
Keila (Estonian: Keila) is a town and an urban municipality in Harju County in north-western Estonia, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Tallinn. As of 2025,
Keila
northern and western Estonia, especially in the islands and coastal areas, has had a significant impact on Estonian culture and language. In the late Middle
Nordic_identity_in_Estonia
the 2025 Estonian municipal elections, attributed by the return of Russophone voters to the party. In the months following the 2023 Estonian parliamentary
Next Estonian parliamentary election
Next_Estonian_parliamentary_election
adapted to Estonian phonology, e.g., Dietrich could be changed to Tiidrik or Tiidrek. In modern times there is a great variety of Estonian given names
Estonian_name
War between Estonia and Soviet Russia in 1918–1920
The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the Estonian Liberation War, and War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army
Estonian_War_of_Independence
Estonian singer and visual artist (born 1991)
grandparents: Estonian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Kazakh. Tammemets went to Estonian school and he speaks Estonian as one of his mother languages. In one of
Tommy_Cash_(rapper)
Town in Estonia
residence). However, in Estonian, tapa is an imperative form of the verb tapma 'kill', resulting in a purported etymology from the Estonian word 'to kill'. This
Tapa,_Estonia
person born to at least one Estonian parent receives Estonian citizenship at birth. Non-citizens may naturalise as Estonian citizens after living in the
Estonian_nationality_law
Political party in Estonia
The Estonian Centre Party (Estonian: Eesti Keskerakond, EK) is a populist political party in Estonia. It was founded in 1991 as a direct successor of the
Estonian_Centre_Party
Disputed subdivision of the Uralic languages
Salminen and Ante Aikio. The three most spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric. The term Finno-Ugric
Finno-Ugric_languages
films produced in Estonia and in the Estonian language in chronological order. List of Estonian films made in Governorate of Estonia and Governorate of
List of Estonian films before 1991
List_of_Estonian_films_before_1991
Code to identify human languages
An IETF BCP 47 language tag is a standardized code that is used to identify human languages on the Internet. The tag structure has been standardized by
IETF_language_tag
Enriches" campaign from the Estonian Human Rights Centre; Hanna Kannelmäe from the Estonian Gay Youth NGO; U.S. Ambassador to Estonia Michael C. Polt; British
LGBTQ_rights_in_Estonia
Red Army (in the Estonian Rifle Corps), and few of them had mastered the Estonian language. Although the Soviet Union occupied Estonia in 1940 and re-occupied
Estonia_in_World_War_II
The culture of Estonia combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the country's Finnic national language Estonian, with Nordic and German cultural
Culture_of_Estonia
Ongoing language revival in Latvia
of the language, with about 210 people with some knowledge of it in the world. The Livonian language is a Finnic language, similar to Estonian and Finnish
Livonian_language_revival
and independence on behalf of the Estonian people, having one Estonian homeland – Estonia, sharing the common Estonian culture, as well as ancestral myths
Estonian_nationalism
Ancestor of the Finnic languages
ancestor of Finnish and Estonian, and hence of the Gulf of Finland Finnic subgroup. South Estonian and the Livonian language had already diverged at this
Proto-Finnic_language
Finnic language
Uralic language family; as such, it is one of the few European languages that is not Indo-European. The Finnic branch also includes Estonian and a few
Finnish_language
Former currency of Estonia
Estonia portal Money portal Numismatics portal Currency board Economy of Estonia Estonian euro coins Estonian mark General principles of the Estonian
Estonian_kroon
Estonian language organization
Mother Tongue Society (Estonian: Emakeele Selts) is an Estonian organization that focuses on topics related to the Estonian language. The organization was
Mother_Tongue_Society
as the language of instruction in schools, all-Estonian song festivals were held regularly after 1869, and a national literature in Estonian developed
History_of_Estonia
English UBELT - University of Bath English Language Test CEFR certification for levels B1, B2, C1 Estonian Language Proficiency Examinations (Eesti keele tasemeeksamid)
List of language proficiency tests
List_of_language_proficiency_tests
Estonian mythology is a complex of myths belonging to the Estonian folk heritage and literary mythology. Information about the pre-Christian and medieval
Estonian_mythology
Recurring national figure skating competition
The Estonian Figure Skating Championships (Estonian: Eesti Meistrivõistlused) are an annual figure skating competition organized by the Estonian Skating
Estonian Figure Skating Championships
Estonian_Figure_Skating_Championships
originally 'poison'. It is not shared with Estonian, in which it is roheline, probably related with the Estonian word rohi 'grass'. However, the form viha
Blue–green distinction in language
Blue–green_distinction_in_language
support to protect the Estonian language in higher education, while Estonia 200 and SDE mention united schools where native Estonian-speaking and Russian-speaking
2023 Estonian parliamentary election
2023_Estonian_parliamentary_election
Estonian neopaganism, or the Estonian native faith, spans various contemporary revivals of the indigenous religion of the Estonian people, adapted from
Estonian_neopaganism
songwriters were Estonian. A fee was also imposed on songs being submitted to the competition, with €50 for songs in the Estonian language and €100 for songs
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2026
Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2026
Ground force of the Estonian Defence Forces
Estonian Land Forces (Estonian: Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defense
Estonian_Land_Forces
Political party in Estonia
Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives (Estonian: Eesti Rahvuslased ja Konservatiivid, abbr. ERK) is a nationalist political party in Estonia founded
Estonian Nationalists and Conservatives
Estonian_Nationalists_and_Conservatives
The name of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti [ˈeˑstʲi] ) has a long and complex history. It has been connected to Aesti, first mentioned by Tacitus around AD
Name_of_Estonia
Political party in Estonia
The Estonian Reform Party (Estonian: Eesti Reformierakond) is a liberal political party in Estonia. The party has been led by Kristen Michal since 2024
Estonian_Reform_Party
Ugric language
kaksi, kolme, neljä, Estonian kaks, kolm, neli), as well as víz 'water', kéz 'hand', vér 'blood', fej 'head' (cf. Finnish and Estonian vesi, käsi, veri,
Hungarian_language
Fundamental law of Estonia
The Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus) is the fundamental law of the Republic of Estonia and establishes the state order as
Constitution_of_Estonia
Travel document in Estonia
children born in Estonia or elsewhere could acquire Estonian citizenship on condition that they be proficient in the Estonian language and know the country's
Estonian_alien's_passport
to Cuisine of Estonia. Karin Karner's book "Estonian Tastes And Traditions" International Wine and Food Society Estonian Branch Estonian Kitchen: 5 Local
Estonian_cuisine
Baltic independence movements (1987–1991)
attempts by the Soviets were largely unsuccessful, particularly in Estonia. The Estonian language played a integral role in their culture, and was not easily
Singing_Revolution
Estonian linguist (1927–2026)
linguistics and generative grammar, and grammar of the Estonian language. From 1981 he was a member of Estonian Academy of Sciences. From 1982 to 1989 he was the
Huno_Rätsep
Estonian summer holiday
the Estonian folk calendar. It corresponds to English Midsummer Day. On jaaniõhtu (literally, 'John's evening', the night before jaanipäev), Estonians gather
Jaanipäev
First Republic of Estonia, but this terminology is often avoided for two main reasons: The Estonian government as well as most Estonian historians prefer
History of Estonia (1920–1939)
History_of_Estonia_(1920–1939)
Head of government of Estonia
The prime minister of Estonia (Estonian: peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the president
Prime_Minister_of_Estonia
Political party in Estonia
The Estonian Greens (Estonian: Erakond Eestimaa Rohelised, EER) is a green political party in Estonia. Founded in 2006, the party held six seats in the
Estonian_Greens
Retrieved 10 August 2011. Estonian Institute of Economic Research (November 2006). "Top Estonian Enterprises 2006" (PDF). Enterprise Estonia. Archived from the
Economy_of_Estonia
in Estonia dates back to the 13–14th centuries when the first monastic and cathedral schools were founded. The first primer in the Estonian language was
Education_in_Estonia
2013). "Estonia: Birgit reveals her outfit for Malmö". esctoday.com. "R. 30. V" [F. 30 May]. Televisioon (in Estonian). No. 22. Tallinn, Estonian SSR, Soviet
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest
Estonian military unit during WW II, part of Waffen SS
The Estonian Legion (Estonian: Eesti Leegion; German: Estnische Legion) was a unit of the German Waffen-SS during World War II, mainly consisting of Estonian
Estonian_Legion
Estonian highest league of football
Estonian Football Championship was first established in 1921 and the title for the Estonian champion was played out on 19 occasions, before Estonia was
Meistriliiga
Public holiday in Estonia commemorating victory in the Battle of Cēsis (23 June 1934)
23, 1919. The battle was part of the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence, in which the new Estonian government fought the Soviet Union's Red Army and
Võidupüha
First-level administrative subdivisions of Estonia
The counties of Estonia (maakond) are the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties, including 13 on
Counties_of_Estonia
otsustasid presidendikandidaadi otsimisel rääkida kõigepealt Karisega". ERR (in Estonian). Retrieved 2026-02-26. Köker, Philipp (2019). "The effects of majority
2026 Estonian presidential election
2026_Estonian_presidential_election
Air warfare branch of Estonia's military
The Estonian Air Force (Estonian: Eesti Õhuvägi, [ˈeˑstʲi] [ˈɤhuvæki] ) is the aviation branch of the Estonian Defence Forces. The air force traces its
Estonian_Air_Force
Type of language morphology
language is a language that is characterized by denoting syntactic relationships between words via inflection or agglutination. Synthetic languages are
Synthetic_language
Men's national basketball team representing Estonia
The Estonia men's national basketball team (Estonian: Eesti korvpallikoondis) represents Estonia in international basketball matches. They are controlled
Estonia men's national basketball team
Estonia_men's_national_basketball_team
of the Estonian SSR flag and emblem as state symbols was officially discontinued. Flag of the Soviet Union Red Banner Emblem of the Estonian SSR Flag
Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
Highways in Estonia are the main transport network in Estonia. The Estonian national classification includes several classes of highways: Main road (põhimaantee)
Highways_in_Estonia
Paramilitary branch of Estonia's military
The Estonian Defence League (Estonian: Kaitseliit, 'Defence League') is a voluntary national defence organization of the Republic of Estonia, under management
Estonian_Defence_League
songwriters was Estonian. A fee was also imposed on songs being submitted to the competition, with €50 for songs in the Estonian language and €100 for songs
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025
Finnic language spoken by the Izhorians of Ingria, Russia
in the Ingrian language are mostly of native Finnic origin, and show great similarity with the surrounding Finnish and Estonian languages. Below is given
Ingrian_language
Ancestor of the Germanic languages
borrowings in Finnic languages. Estonian juust, Finnish juusto < *justaz "cheese" Estonian/Finnish kuningas < *kuningaz "king" Estonian/Finnish lammas "sheep"
Proto-Germanic_language
Estonian branch of the Soviet communist party
Communist Party of Estonia (Estonian: Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, abbreviated EKP; in Russian: Коммунистическая партия Эстонии) was the Estonian branch of the
Communist_Party_of_Estonia
Janar Filippov Estonian Slang Dictionary maintained by Estonian Language Institute: entry #37 to steal Koovit, Kaja (3 October 2008). "Estonian narcotics market
Crime_in_Estonia
Political party in Estonia
Together (Estonian: Koos, Russian: Вместе), officially known as TOGETHER Party (Estonian: KOOS Erakond) and previously known as TOGETHER organization points
Together (Estonian political party)
Together_(Estonian_political_party)
nationals or residents of Estonia, with a lower fee imposed on Estonian-language songs compared to songs in other languages; both of the fees were doubled
Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024
Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024
Estonian football competition
The Estonian Supercup (Estonian: Eesti Superkarikas) is Estonian football's annual super cup, contested between the champions of the previous Meistriliiga
Estonian_Supercup
16th edition of the Rally Estonia
2026. Official website (in Estonian, English, Finnish, and Latin) 2026 Rally Estonia at eWRC-results.com 2026 Rally Estonia at rally-maps.com (in English
2026_Rally_Estonia
Magical creature from Estonian mythology
the free dictionary. Kratt (Estonian Swedish skrat), also pisuhänd, puuk, tulihänd, vedaja, is a magical creature in Estonian mythology, a treasure-bearer
Kratt
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German
English, French, Danish, Dutch, and German : from a short form of the personal name Matthias (see Matthew) or any of its many cognates, for example Norman French Maheu.English, French, Dutch, and German : from a nickname or personal name taken from the month of May (Middle English, Old French mai, Middle High German meie, from Latin Maius (mensis), from Maia, a minor Roman goddess of fertility). This name was sometimes bestowed on someone born or baptized in the month of May; it was also used to refer to someone of a sunny disposition, or who had some anecdotal connection with the month of May, such as owing a feudal obligation then.English : nickname from Middle English may ‘young man or woman’.Irish (Connacht and Midlands) : when not of English origin (see 1–3 above), this is an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Miadhaigh ‘descendant of Miadhach’, a personal name or byname meaning ‘honorable’, ‘proud’.French : habitational name from any of various places called May or Le May.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : habitational name from Mayen, a place in western Germany.Americanized spelling of cognates of 1 in various European languages, for example Swedish Ma(i)j.Chinese : possibly a variant of Mei 1, although this spelling occurs more often for the given name than for the surname.Cape May, at the mouth of Delaware Bay, is named after the Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May.
Surname or Lastname
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English
Americanized spelling of German Ludwig, Czech LudvÃk, Polish Ludwik, or cognates in other European languages.English : habitational name from Ludwick Hall in Bishops Hatfield, Hertfordshire, probably named from the Old English personal name Luda + Old English wÄ«c ‘outlying (dairy) farm’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Welsh
English and Welsh : patronymic from the Middle English personal name Jon(e) (see John). The surname is especially common in Wales and southern central England. In North America this name has absorbed various cognate and like-sounding surnames from other languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably an altered spelling of Askew. This is a southern U.S. name, concentrated in AL and GA. Compare Escoe, Escue, and Eskew.American spelling of Finnish or Estonian Esko, from a personal name derived from Swedish Eskil (see Eskildsen).
Female
Finnish
Finnish short form of Estonian/Finnish Katariina, RIINA means "pure."
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc.
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, etc. : from the Latin personal name Lucas (Greek Loukas) ‘man from Lucania’. Lucania is a region of southern Italy thought to have been named in ancient times with a word meaning ‘bright’ or ‘shining’. Compare Lucio. The Christian name owed its enormous popularity throughout Europe in the Middle Ages to St. Luke the Evangelist, hence the development of this surname and many vernacular derivatives in most of the languages of Europe. Compare Luke. This is also found as an Americanized form of Greek Loukas.Scottish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Lùcais (see McLucas).As a French name Lucas has been recorded in Canada since 1653, taken to Trois Rivières, Quebec, by one Lucas-Lépine from Normandy.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : from the Middle English personal name Ma(t)thew, vernacular form of the Greek New Testament name Matthias, Matthaios, which is ultimately from the Hebrew personal name Matityahu ‘gift of God’. This was taken into Latin as Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus respectively, the former being used for the twelfth apostle (who replaced Judas Iscariot) and the latter for the author of the first Gospel. In many European languages this distinction is reflected in different surname forms. The commonest vernacular forms of the personal name, including English Matthew, Old French Matheu, Spanish Mateo, Italian Matteo, Portuguese Mateus, Catalan and Occitan Mateu are generally derived from the form Matthaeus. The American surname Matthew has also absorbed European cognates from other languages, including Greek Mathias and Mattheos.It is found as a personal name among Christians in India, and in the U.S. is used as a family name among families from southern India.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás)
English, German, French, Jewish (Ashkenazic), Lithuanian, Czech and Slovak (Jonáš), and Hungarian (Jónás) : from a medieval personal name, which comes from the Hebrew male personal name Yona, meaning ‘dove’. In the book of the Bible which bears his name, Jonah was appointed by God to preach repentance to the city of Nineveh, but tried to flee instead to Tarshish. On the voyage to Tarshish, a great storm blew up, and Jonah was thrown overboard by his shipmates to appease God’s wrath, swallowed by a great fish, and delivered by it on the shores of Nineveh. This story exercised a powerful hold on the popular imagination in medieval Europe, and the personal name was a relatively common choice. The Hebrew name and its reflexes in other languages (for example Yiddish Yoyne) have been popular Jewish personal names for generations. There are also saints, martyrs, and bishops called Jonas venerated in the Orthodox Church. Ionas is found as a Greek family name.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : respelling of Yonis, with Yiddish possessive -s.
Surname or Lastname
English and French (Léonard)
English and French (Léonard) : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements leo ‘lion’ (a late addition to the vocabulary of Germanic name elements, taken from Latin) + hard ‘hardy’, ‘brave’, ‘strong’, which was taken to England by the Normans. A saint of this name, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th century, but about whom nothing is known except for a largely fictional life dating from half a millennium later, was popular throughout Europe in the early Middle Ages and was regarded as the patron of peasants and horses.Irish (Fermanagh) : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Mac Giolla Fhionáin or of Langan.Americanized form of Italian Leonardo or cognate forms in other European languages.The French Léonard family were at Château Richer, Quebec, by 1698, having come from Maine, France.
Surname or Lastname
Polish, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic)
Polish, German, and Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : from Polish litwin, an ethnic name for someone from Lithuania (Polish Litwa, Lithuanian Lietuva, a word of uncertain etymology, perhaps a derivative of the river name Leità ). In the 14th century Lithuania was an independent grand duchy which extended from the Baltic to the shores of the Black Sea. It was united with Poland in 1569, and was absorbed into the Russian empire in 1795. The region referred to as Lite in Ashkenazic culture encompassed not only Lithuania but also Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, parts of northern Ukraine, and parts of northeastern Poland.English : from an Old English personal name, Lēohtwine, composed of the elements lēoht ‘light’, ‘bright’ + wine ‘friend’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Elizabeth. Compare Hibbs 2.English : nickname for someone with very fair hair or skin, from Middle English, Old English lilie ‘lily’ (Latin lilium). The Italian equivalent Giglio was used as a personal name in the Middle Ages. In English and other languages there has also been some confusion with forms of Giles.English : habitational name from places called Lilley, in Hertfordshire and Berkshire. The Hertfordshire place was named in Old English as ‘flax-glade’, from līn ‘flax’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The Berkshire name is from Old English Lillinglēah ‘wood associated with Lilla’, an Old English personal name.
Female
Finnish
Estonian and Finnish pet form of Greek Hanna, ANU means "favor; grace."
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from Latin Marcus, the personal name of St. Mark the Evangelist, author of the second Gospel. The name was borne also by a number of other early Christian saints. Marcus was an old Roman name, of uncertain (possibly non-Italic) etymology; it may have some connection with the name of the war god Mars. Compare Martin. The personal name was not as popular in England in the Middle Ages as it was on the Continent, especially in Italy, where the evangelist became the patron of Venice and the Venetian Republic, and was allegedly buried at Aquileia. As an American family name, this has absorbed cognate and similar names from other European languages, including Greek Markos and Slavic Marek.English, German, and Dutch (van der Mark) : topographic name for someone who lived on a boundary between two districts, from Middle English merke, Middle High German marc, Middle Dutch marke, merke, all meaning ‘borderland’. The German term also denotes an area of fenced-off land (see Marker 5) and, like the English word, is embodied in various place names which have given rise to habitational names.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Marck, Pas-de-Calais.German : from Marko, a short form of any of the Germanic compound personal names formed with mark ‘borderland’ as the first element, for example Markwardt.Americanization or shortened form of any of several like-sounding Jewish or Slavic surnames (see for example Markow, Markowitz, Markovich).Irish (northeastern Ulster) : probably a short form of Markey (when not of English origin).
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : patronymic from the personal name John. As an American family name, Johnson has absorbed patronymics and many other derivatives of this name in continental European languages. (For forms, see Hanks and Hodges 1988.)Johnson is the second most frequent surname in the U.S. It was brought independently to North America by many different bearers from the 17th and 18th centuries onward.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Matthew. In North America, this form has assimilated numerous vernacular derivatives in other languages of Latin Mat(t)hias and Matthaeus.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : used as an Americanized form of McMahon.
Female
Finnish
Estonian form of Finnish Tuuli, TUULE means "wind."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a Latinist, a clerk who wrote documents in Latin, from Anglo-Norman French latinier, latim(m)ier. Latin was more or less the universal language of official documents in the Middle Ages, displaced only gradually by the vernacular—in England, by Anglo-Norman French at first, and eventually by English.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the male personal name Manasseh, Hebrew Menashe ‘one who causes to forget’ (see Manasse), borne in the Middle Ages by Christians as well as by Jews. Hebrew Menashe and its reflexes in other Jewish languages have always been popular among Jews.English : occupational name for someone who made handles for agricultural and domestic implements, from an agent derivative of Anglo-Norman French mance ‘handle’ (Old French manche, Late Latin manicus, a derivative of manus ‘hand’).
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and German
English, French, and German : from the vernacular form of the Hebrew personal name Yehuda ‘Judah’ (of unknown meaning). In the Bible, this is the name of Jacob’s eldest son. It was not a popular name among Christians in medieval Europe, because of the associations it had with Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ for thirty pieces of silver. Among Jews, however, the Hebrew name and its reflexes in various Jewish languages (such as Yiddish Yude) have been popular for generations, and have given rise to many Jewish surnames.French : name for a Jew, Old French jude (Latin Iudaeus, Greek Ioudaios, from Hebrew Yehudi ‘member of the tribe of Judah’).English : from a pet form of Jordan.
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Swedish
Elf; Magical Counsel
Boy/Male
African
not jealous'.
Girl/Female
Gaelic
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a short form of the female personal name Mabel (see Mapp).
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Delicate; Graceful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Cranshaw.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Trustworthy
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Harrop.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Welcome
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Rich
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
ESTONIAN LANGUAGE
a.
Alt. of Esopic
v. t.
To communicate by language; to express in language.
imp. & p. p.
of Language
n.
The doctrines of the nestorian Christians, or of Nestorius.
n.
Nestorian.
n.
A follower of Eutyches [5th century], who held that the divine and the human in the person of Christ were blended together as to constitute but one nature; a monophysite; -- opposed to Nestorian.
n.
The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
n.
The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
a.
Of or pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or his discoveries.
a.
Having a language; skilled in language; -- chiefly used in composition.
a.
In european geology, a name given to the middle division of the Upper Cretaceous formation.
a.
Lacking or wanting language; speechless; silent.
n.
A follower of Newton.
n.
An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople to the fifth century, who has condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the divine and the human natures were not merged into one nature in Christ (who was God in man), and, hence, that it was improper to call Mary the mother of Christ; also, one of the sect established by the followers of Nestorius in Persia, india, and other Oriental countries, and still in existence. opposed to Eutychian.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the Censor; severe; inflexible.
a.
Of or relating to the Nestorians.
a.
relating to, or resembling, Nestor, the aged warior and counselor mentioned by Homer; hence, wise; experienced; aged; as, Nestorian caution.
a.
Of or pertaining to Aesop, or in his manner.
n.
In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the coordinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.