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Material whose capacitance changes when a force is applied
force-sensing capacitor is a material whose capacitance changes when a force, pressure or mechanical stress is applied. They are also known as "force-sensitive
Force-sensing_capacitor
Electronic component
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other
Capacitor
Material whose resistance changes when a force is applied
low precision: measurement results may differ by 10% and more. Force-sensing capacitors offer superior sensitivity and long-term stability, but require
Force-sensing_resistor
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor where the ceramic material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of
Ceramic_capacitor
Technology in electrical engineering
In electrical engineering, capacitive sensing (sometimes capacitance sensing) is a technology, based on capacitive coupling, that can detect and measure
Capacitive_sensing
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
capacitors, motor capacitors, DC-link capacitors, suppression capacitors, audio crossover capacitors, lighting ballast capacitors, snubber capacitors
Capacitor_types
Type of capacitor
Aluminium electrolytic capacitors are (usually) polarized electrolytic capacitors whose anode electrode (+) is made of a pure aluminium foil with an etched
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum_electrolytic_capacitor
Uses of capacitors in daily life
used to sense those factors. The effects of varying the characteristics of the dielectric can also be used for sensing and measurement. Capacitors with an
Applications_of_capacitors
Type of computer memory
which must be kept within a range for proper sensing (as DRAMs operate by sensing the charge of the capacitor released onto the bitline). Bitline length
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Discrete device in an electronic system
activated switch to sense limit of motion Mercury switch – Switch sensing tilt Centrifugal switch – Switch sensing centrifugal force due to rate of rotation
Electronic_component
Small-scale magnetometer
substrate to form a variable capacitor array. Lorentz force generated by the external magnetic field results in the change of capacitor array. The reported sensitivity
MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor
Storage of electricity in the human body
Body capacitance is the physical property of a human body to act as a capacitor. Like any other electrically conductive object, a human body can store
Body_capacitance
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
in a capacitor matrix, in variants called BCROS for balanced capacitor read-only storage on the 360/50 and 360/65, or CCROS for card capacitor read-only
Read-only_memory
Type of sensor
is the way they apply forces to the sensing elements. In a pressure sensor, a thin membrane transfers the force to the elements, while in accelerometers
Piezoelectric_sensor
Startup technique in electronics
allows for the capacitor to discharge (at least partially if not completely). Most control schemes that use a bootstrap capacitor force the high side driver
Bootstrapping_(electronics)
System that converts an analog signal into a digital signal
a digital value. Resistive output (e.g., from a potentiometer or a force-sensing resistor) can be made into a voltage by sending a known current through
Analog-to-digital_converter
Input and output device
be used for ultra-high resolution sensing, such as fingerprint sensing. Fingerprint sensors require a micro-capacitor spacing of about 44 to 50 microns
Touchscreen
Color code to indicate values of electronic components
inductors also popular, while in the past, many variations were applied to capacitors, diodes, and other part types. Before standardization, some manufacturers
Electronic_color_code
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
vector B. Hall sensors are used for proximity sensing, positioning, speed detection, and current sensing applications and are common in industrial and
Hall-effect_sensor
Electrical action produced by a non-electrical source
In electromagnetism and electronics, electromotive force (emf, or EMF) or electromotance, denoted E {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}} , is an energy transfer
Electromotive_force
Opposition to the passage of an electric current
(causing the phase to increase), a capacitor may be added for compensation at one frequency, since the capacitor's phase shift is negative, bringing the
Electrical resistance and conductance
Electrical_resistance_and_conductance
Hardware technology of keyboards
physical force from a slider to be pressed together. In a capacitive mechanism, pressing a key changes the capacitance of a pattern of capacitor pads. The
Keyboard_technology
Elastic object that stores mechanical energy
is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That is, it is the gradient of the force versus deflection curve
Spring_(device)
DC-DC voltage step-down power converter
current sensing, requiring high accuracy and fast detectors as: The analysis above was conducted with the assumptions: The output capacitor has enough
Buck_converter
Device that converts sound into an electrical signal
converts acoustic waves into electrical signals by sensing changes in light intensity, instead of sensing changes in capacitance or magnetic fields as with
Microphone
Resonator damping parameter
with its usage in describing circuits with a single reactive element (capacitor or inductor), where it can be shown to be equal to the ratio of reactive
Q_factor
Branch of physics
like a membrane with metallic coating or a tiny capacitor plate glued onto it. By using movable capacitor plates, mechanical motion (physical displacement)
Cavity_optomechanics
Digital imaging circuit
or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors
Charge-coupled_device
Converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal
example into MARG sensors. Analog sensors such as potentiometers and force-sensing resistors are still widely used. Their applications include manufacturing
Sensor
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules
Electromagnetism
Object that has a magnetic field
invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, steel, nickel
Magnet
employed sensing technology for general purpose pressure measurement. Capacitive: Uses a diaphragm and pressure cavity to create a variable capacitor to detect
Pressure_measurement
American Founding Father and polymath (1706–1790)
principle of conservation of charge. In 1748, he constructed a multiple plate capacitor, that he called an "electrical battery" (not a true battery like Volta's
Benjamin_Franklin
Concept in electromechanical engineering
inverse of capacitance. A mechanical component analogous to a capacitor is a spring. A capacitor is governed by the constitutive equation, v = D ∫ i d t .
Impedance_analogy
Electronic analog stability computer used in the V-2 SRBM
the signals of lower cost position gyros using a network of resistors, capacitors, and tube amplifiers. The resulting device offered better performance
Mischgerät (V-2 guidance computer)
Mischgerät_(V-2_guidance_computer)
Property of space that quantifies the magnetic influence at a given location
when used in the Lorentz force law, correctly predicts the force on a moving charged particle at that point: Lorentz force law (vector form, SI units)
Magnetic_field
Device on vehicle
2026[update], rain-sensing wipers are relatively common, either standard or optional equipement on numerous vehicles. The rain-sensing wipers system currently
Windscreen_wiper
Physical concept
Electromagnetic mass, like inductance or the Abraham–Lorentz force, is a self-interaction phenomenon, in the sense that a charged body interacts with its own electromagnetic
Electromagnetic_mass
Smart material systems
electrodes. The electrostatic pressure force p e l {\displaystyle p_{el}} acting on the plane-parallel plates of a capacitor is given as: p e l = 1 2 ε 0 ε r
Dielectric_elastomers
Type of vehicle armour
separated by an air gap or by an insulating material, creating a high-power capacitor. In operation, a high-voltage power source charges the armour. When an
Reactive_armour
Widely used analogy for explaining electrical circuits
current flows "through" the capacitor, the back-pressure (voltage) becomes greater, thus current "leads" voltage in a capacitor. As the back-pressure from
Hydraulic_analogy
Device measuring ionizing radiation exposure
if the power supply is disconnected, though there can be a low-leakage capacitor to preserve the memory for short periods without a battery. Because of
Dosimeter
List of physics and engineering textbooks covering electromagnetism
Shin RT, Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing, Wiley, 1985. Ulaby FT, Moore RK, Fung AK, Microwave Remote Sensing: Active and Passive, 3 vols, Artech House
List of textbooks in electromagnetism
List_of_textbooks_in_electromagnetism
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
magnetic field. For example, a nearby conductive surface will exert a drag force on a moving magnet that opposes its motion, due to eddy currents induced
Eddy_current
Vehicle safety device
collision. In vehicles equipped with a rollover sensing system, accelerometers, and gyroscopes are used to sense the onset of a rollover event. If a rollover
Airbag
Novel type of computer memory
include one capacitor and one access transistor. In a DRAM cell capacitor, a linear dielectric is used, whereas in a FeRAM cell capacitor the dielectric
Ferroelectric_RAM
Physical quantity, density of magnetic moment per volume
negative gradient of which is the magnetic force on the paramagnet (or diamagnet) per unit volume (i.e. force density). In diamagnets ( χ < 0 {\displaystyle
Magnetization
Theorem in classical electromagnetism
real-valued for complex-valued fields, but that is not a problem here. In this sense, the operator is not truly Hermitian but is rather complex-symmetric.) This
Reciprocity (electromagnetism)
Reciprocity_(electromagnetism)
Physical system that responds to a restoring force proportional to displacement
This type of system appears in AC-driven RLC circuits (resistor–inductor–capacitor) and driven spring systems having internal mechanical resistance or external
Harmonic_oscillator
US Nuclear bomb
for initiation, using a 2400-volt 0.6 μF capacitor for neutron generator firing and a 3300-volt 2.0 μF capacitor for the firing set. If neither the radar
B61_nuclear_bomb
Mathematical transformation
of the electric energy which is stored in the capacitor into external mechanical work, done by the force acting on the plates. One may think of the electric
Legendre_transformation
Captured energy for later usage
storage hydropower, PSH) Thermal expansion Electrical, electromagnetic Capacitor Supercapacitor Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES, also superconducting
Energy_storage
Electromagnetic effect in physics
. To get the Hall voltage, one can use the same relation as in capacitors E y = V H W {\displaystyle E_{y}={\frac {V_{\text{H}}}{W}}} with W {\displaystyle
Hall_effect
Electric battery which can be recharged
(Super capacitor buses topics), 52Bus.com website, August 2006 (in Chinese, archived page). Belli, Brita. 'Battery University' Aims to Train a Work Force for
Rechargeable_battery
Tool used to measure dimensions of an object
some extent elastic, the amount of force used affects the indication. A consistent, firm touch is correct. Too much force results in an under indication as
Calipers
Heating device
erosion. Oil pressure is generated by an electric pump, usually driven by a capacitor start motor. The pump consists of two parts: A gear pump pumps the oil
Oil_burner
Sensor measuring deformation and stretching
substantially when the sensor is deformed. The second type consists of a capacitor for which the capacitance changes under deformation. Known properties
Stretch_sensor
Game controller for the Wii and Wii U
Remote is its motion sensing capability, which allows the user to interact with and manipulate items on screen via motion sensing, gesture recognition
Wii_Remote
Use of circular rotational force to mimic gravity
Electrogravitics – Force observed on an asymmetric capacitorPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Coriolis effect – Apparent force in a rotating
Artificial_gravity
Microscopy technique for piezoelectric materials
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM) that allows imaging and manipulation of piezoelectric/ferroelectric
Piezoresponse force microscopy
Piezoresponse_force_microscopy
Canadian Standards Association Capacitance Capacitor voltage transformer Capacitor Capacitor-input filter Capacitors Capacity factor Carbon offset Carrier
Index of electrical engineering articles
Index_of_electrical_engineering_articles
Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases
Electric_motor
Type of electromagnetic metamaterial
nano-inductor. The gap between the tips of the U-shape function as a nano-capacitor. Hence, it is an optical nano-LC resonator. These "inclusions" create
Photonic_metamaterial
Interaction of triboelectricity and semiconductor band structure.
electrical transport and transformation in semiconductors for information sensing and active control (info-tribotronics), and using semiconductors managing
Tribotronics
Thin-film deposition technique that deposits one 1-atom thick layer at a time
consists of a single MOS transistor and a capacitor. Major efforts are being put into reducing the size of the capacitor which will effectively allow for greater
Atomic_layer_deposition
charge. capacitor An electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. capacitor-input filter A power supply network where a capacitor is the
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
terahertz devices have been useful in scientific applications, such as remote sensing and spectroscopy. Development of metamaterials has traversed the electromagnetic
Terahertz_metamaterial
Instrument for measuring, keeping or indicating time
timepiece. Quartz timepieces sometimes include a rate screw that adjusts a capacitor for that purpose. Atomic clocks are primary standards, and their rate
Clock
Branch of optics which studies how EM radiation can be manipulated with metamaterials
limited by their optical elements, which dominate system weight and cost, and force tradeoffs between system parameters such as focal length, field of view
Transformation_optics
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
modern theories of electromagnetic phenomena. On Faraday's uses of lines of force, Maxwell wrote that they show Faraday "to have been in reality a mathematician
Michael_Faraday
Any analogy between electrical and mechanical systems, used for modelling
spintronic 6 V battery. The battery puts a constant force (i.e., voltage) on the chain. A spintronic 1 mF capacitor and voltmeter. A torsion spring on the inside
Mechanical–electrical analogies
Mechanical–electrical_analogies
Access control device for nuclear weapons
damage. Also, activation-critical electronics within the weapon, such as capacitors, are selected so that they will fail before the safety device in the event
Permissive_action_link
Touchscreen interactions using multiple fingers
The screen was to consist of a set of capacitors etched into a film of copper on a sheet of glass, each capacitor being constructed so that a nearby flat
Multi-touch
Molecular property
joint. This results in a structure similar to a capacitor and creates an attractive electrostatic force between the materials. Some materials may merge
Adhesion
Shielding an object from view using materials made to redirect light
research departments, including the US Naval Air Systems Command, US Air Force, and US Army. Many scientific institutions are involved including:[citation
Metamaterial_cloaking
Device that measures magnetism
magnetic sensing devices are solid-state Hall effect sensors. These sensors produce a voltage proportional to the applied magnetic field and also sense polarity
Magnetometer
Passive electronic component providing electrical resistance
(such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity. Resistors are common elements
Resistor
Electrically operated switch
case a snubber circuit (a capacitor and resistor in series) across the contacts may absorb the surge. Suitably rated capacitors and the associated resistor
Relay
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves both as a capacitor and as a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion pumps actively
Membrane_potential
Continent
70% of the world's coltan, a mineral used in the production of tantalum capacitors for electronic devices such as cell phones. The DRC also has more than
Africa
International standard
assigning reference designations. The standard addresses vehicles in a broad sense and is intended to support the design, planning, production, operation,
IEC_81346
Crash of US Air Force bomber with nuclear warheads
trigger circuit and, through the MC-788 High Voltage Safing System, to the capacitor bank of the X-Unit. Once the bomb impacted the ground, a crush switch
1961_Goldsboro_B-52_crash
Ratio of strength to mass for a material
Impurity-Free CNT Synthesis to DWNT forests, CNTsolids and Super-Capacitors. Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV. Vol. 6479. pp. 64791L. doi:10.1117/12
Specific_strength
1998–1999 armed conflict in the Balkans
as well as a Jugopetrol AD oil depot were hit in May 1998; oil in the capacitors contained PCBs and caused local contamination. There was chronic leaking
Kosovo_War
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
peak current, thus forcing it to run at low loads and poor efficiency. Minimum maintenance is required, as transformers and capacitors can be very reliable
Voltage_regulator
Heat and light produced during an electrical arc fault
Queens Con Edison substation on December 27, 2018 a 138,000 volt coupling capacitor potential device failed, resulting in an arc flash which in turn burned
Arc_flash
Electrical component that can break an electrical circuit
example, a light switch or a keyboard button, or may function as a sensing element to sense the position of a machine part, liquid level, pressure, or temperature
Switch
bigclivedotcom (11 March 2025). "Ridiculous electronic fishing float with spatial sensing" (video). youtube.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2025. Retrieved
List_of_battery_sizes
Electric charge generated in certain solids due to mechanical stress
sensor is that a physical dimension, transformed into a force, acts on two opposing faces of the sensing element. Depending on the design of a sensor, different
Piezoelectricity
Method of measuring the microscopic topography of a material
microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) or current sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) is a mode in atomic force microscopy (AFM) that simultaneously
Conductive atomic force microscopy
Conductive_atomic_force_microscopy
2018 video game
with an eye on it) which each contain either a bridge key-card or a boat capacitor, and they have to use the key cards to unlock the bridges to the other
We_Happy_Few
Type of field-effect transistor
n-type source and drain regions. The MOS capacitor structure is the heart of the MOSFET. Consider a MOS capacitor where the silicon base is of p-type. If
MOSFET
on the surface. HMMs have shown various potential applications, such as sensing, reflection modulator, all-optical ultra-fast switching for integrated
Electromagnetic_metamaterial
Instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk
service at any given time), tach runs remain a common practice. Speed sensing devices, termed variously "wheel impulse generators" (WIG), pulse generators
Tachometer
Blood glucose measurement device
protein for glucose sensing. Biotechnol Lett, 2008. 30(8): p. 1453-60. Khan, F., L. Gnudi, and J.C. Pickup, Fluorescence-based sensing of glucose using engineered
Fluorescent_glucose_biosensor
Motor which works on direct current
an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the
DC_motor
Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy
imaging sensors composed of an array of tiny capacitors. Incident light generates charge in the capacitors, which is sequentially read and processed to
Photodetector
Mathematical concept applicable to physics
Fluence (flux of the first sort for particle beams) Fluid dynamics Flux capacitor Flux footprint Flux pinning Flux quantization Gauss's law Inverse-square
Flux
Measure of a civilization's evolution
civilizations is roughly concurrent with the rise of civilization in a general sense. Sagan estimated that, according to this revised scale, 1970s humanity would
Kardashev_scale
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
Trouton (1902). A capacitor was brought parallel to Earth's motion, and it was assumed that momentum is produced when the capacitor is charged. The negative
Luminiferous_aether
travel, tourism, insurance
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
Surname or Lastname
Italian
Italian : from the personal name Forte, from Late Latin fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort) or from a short form of a medieval personal name formed with this element, as for example Fortebraccio (‘strong arm’).Slovenian : shortened form of the personal name Fortunat, Latin Fortunatus.English : variant of Fort.
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Force
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Ford 1 and 2. This is a very common spelling in Ireland.Norwegian : habitational name from any of numerous farmsteads named Førde (there are eleven on the west coast), from Old Norse fyrði, dative of fjórðr ‘fjord’.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Force to move forward, Force
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain etymology. From the 16th to the 19th century, the English vocabulary word ensign denoted a junior rank of infantry officer, which may be the source of the surname.James Ensign (known as ‘the Puritan’) was born in Chilham, Kent, England, in 1606 and came to Hartford, CT, before 1644.
Male
Scandinavian
Pet form of Scandinavian Henrik, HENNING means "home-ruler."
Girl/Female
British, English
Force
Surname or Lastname
English, Dutch, and North German
English, Dutch, and North German : from early Middle English penning, Low German penning, Middle Dutch penninc ‘penny’ (see Penny), a topographic name (from a field name) or a nickname referring to tax dues of a penny.South German : from the short form, Panno, of a Germanic personal name derived from a word meaning ‘ban’, ‘order’, ‘command’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset and Avon)
English (Somerset and Avon) : variant of Fosse.Americanized form of French Fortier.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old Norse personal name or nickname, Leysingi, from leysingi ‘freedman’. Compare Lazenby.South German : habitational name from Leising in Bavaria.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Parsi
Destructive Force
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Force.Perhaps an altered form of Dutch Voorhees.
Boy/Male
English
A shallow place used to cross a river or stream. Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from an Old English personal name, Dynna.Irish : variant of Dineen.German : habitational name from Denning in Bavaria.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
River Crossing; A Shallow Place Used to Cross a River; Stream; Surname
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : topographic name for someone who lived near a forge or smithy, Middle English, Old French forge (from Latin fabrica ‘workshop’, a derivative of faber ‘smith’, ‘workman’; compare Lefevre). The surname is thus in most cases a metonymic occupational name for a smith or someone employed by a smith.
Girl/Female
Indian
Force to move forward, Force
Girl/Female
Hindi
Vital force.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fosse. There has been some confusion with northwestern English force in the sense of ‘waterfall’, it is possible that the surname may also have arisen as a topographic name for someone living by a waterfall.French : topographic name for someone who lived by a fortress or stronghold, Old French force, Late Latin fortia, a derivative of fortis ‘strong’ (see Fort). There are several places named with this word (for example in Aude, and baronial lands in the Dordogne), and it may also be a habitational name from any of these.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Force.
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
FORCE SENSING-CAPACITOR
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