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Bias in which choices are influenced by the options' connotations
Framing effect is a cognitive bias where people's decisions change depending on how options or statements are framed, even when they are logically identical
Framing_effect_(psychology)
Effect of how information is presented on perception
frames between different actors. Framing is a key component of sociology, the study of social interaction among humans. Framing is an integral part of conveying
Framing_(social_sciences)
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
modest report". Psychology portal List of cognitive biases 1995 Greater Pittsburgh bank robberies – Inspiration for the Dunning–Kruger effect Curse of knowledge –
Dunning–Kruger_effect
Topics referred to by the same term
Framing error can refer to the following: General form of a framing error is the result of starting to read a sequence of data at the wrong point. In
Framing_error
Starting with an unreasonable offer to make the next one more appealing
Bait-and-switch – Form of fraud Compliance (psychology) – Submission to a request Framing effect (psychology) – Bias in which choices are influenced by
Door-in-the-face_technique
Effect of psychological interference on reaction time
In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between neutral and incongruent stimuli. The effect has been used to create a psychological
Stroop_effect
Concept in film editing
J. Dolan; Chris D. Frith (2006-08-14). "The Kuleshov Effect: The influence of contextual framing on emotional attributions". Social Cognitive and Affective
Kuleshov_effect
Cognitive bias
In psychology and behavioral economics, the endowment effect, also known as divestiture aversion, is the finding that people are more likely to retain
Endowment_effect
Tendency to base judgments on an irrelevant anchor
This effect has been widely used in areas such as auctions, online vendors and retailers. Psychology portal Bandwagon effect Confirmation bias Framing effect
Anchoring_effect
Consumer behaviour model
effect was observed to vary based on the savings success history of the participants. Decision making Behavioral economics Framing effect (psychology)
Mental_accounting
Unrecoverable cost that has been incurred
Kahneman & Tversky, 1979 in the form of valence framing effects. This form of framing signifies types of framing. The first type can be considered positive
Sunk_cost
Societal phenomenon
11, 2017). "The Bandwagon Effect | Psychology Today Canada". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2021-05-12. "The Bandwagon Effect: Why People Tend to Follow
Bandwagon_effect
Decision-making concept
also respecting freedom of choice. Decoy effect False dilemma Framing (economics) Framing effect (psychology) List of cognitive biases Mental accounting
Choice_architecture
Cognitive bias
paradox Certainty effect Loaded question Loss aversion Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1981-01-30). "The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice". Science
Pseudocertainty_effect
Multi-disciplinary social science research method
(1997). "Toward a Psychology of Framing Effects". Political Behavior. 19 (3): 221–246. doi:10.1023/A:1024834831093. S2CID 15874936. "Framing Theory". Mass
Frame_analysis
Alleged impact on behavior
Priming is a concept in psychology and psycholinguistics to describe how exposure to one stimulus may influence a response to a subsequent stimulus, without
Priming_(psychology)
A context effect is an aspect of cognitive psychology that describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus. The impact
Context_effect
Psychological effect
Pseudocertainty effect Framing effect Prospect theory Allais paradox Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel (1981). "The Framing of decisions and the psychology of choice"
Certainty_effect
How one process influences another
process, state, or object (i.e., an effect) where the cause is at least partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is at least partly dependent on
Causality
Systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment
judgment being affected by irrelevant information (for example the framing effect where the same problem receives different responses depending on how
Cognitive_bias
Type of framing
Metaphorical framing is a particular type of framing that attempts to influence decision-making by mapping characteristics of one concept in terms of
Metaphorical_framing
Concept in economics
the psychology field are seen as crucial to developing a more accurate descriptive theory of decision under risks. Theory of decision framing effect (psychology)
Expected_utility_hypothesis
SSRN 3822640. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458. https://doi.org/10
List_of_cognitive_biases
Aesthetic composition term
Headroom is a way of balancing out a frame. According to Dr. John Suhler in his e-book Photographic Psychology: Image and Psyche, “the eye appreciates
Headroom (photographic framing)
Headroom_(photographic_framing)
Cognitive bias
Hersh Shefrin and Meir Statman coined the term disposition effect and analyzed the psychology underlying its associated behavior. The starting point for
Disposition_effect
People feel better about themselves when they are more obviously superior
The big-fish–little-pond effect (BFLPE) is a frame of reference model introduced by Herbert W. Marsh and John W. Parker in 1984. According to the model
Big-fish–little-pond_effect
Psychological phenomenon
systems; however, abstract concepts are recorded only verbally. In psychology, the effect has implications for salience in attribution theory as well as the
Picture_superiority_effect
Pattern of thought or behavior
In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information
Schema_(psychology)
False fame effect False-consensus effect False-uniqueness effect Fan effect Florence Nightingale effect Flynn effect Focusing effect Framing effect Generation
List_of_psychological_effects
Focused attention on one's mental distress
Psychology. 76 (2): 284–304. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284. PMID 10074710. Vigliotti, Amy (2024). "How to Break the Cycle of Rumination". Psychology
Rumination_(psychology)
Personality construct
In the field of personality psychology, Machiavellianism (sometimes abbreviated as MACH) is the name of a personality trait construct characterized by
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
Psychological occurrence
In the field of psychology, a false memory is a phenomenon in which someone recalls something that did not actually happen or recalls it differently from
False_memory
Simple strategies or mental processes involved in making quick decisions
effect", in Pohl, Rüdiger F. (ed.), Cognitive Illusions: A Handbook on Fallacies and Biases in Thinking, Judgement and Memory, Hove, UK: Psychology Press
Heuristic_(psychology)
Cognitive bias
In social psychology, illusory superiority is a cognitive bias wherein people overestimate their own qualities and abilities compared to others. Illusory
Illusory_superiority
Psychological phenomenon
Elaboration likelihood model – Dual process theory of persuasion Framing (social sciences) – Effect of how information is presented on perception Heuristic-systematic
Sleeper_effect
Phenomenon in the psychology of perception
The Venus effect is a phenomenon in the psychology of perception, named after various paintings of Venus gazing into a mirror, such as Diego Velázquez's
Venus_effect
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
A prominent task force in the psychology research community made the following recommendation: Always present effect sizes for primary outcomes...If
Effect_size
Tendency to accept the default option
The default effect, a concept within the study of nudge theory, explains the tendency for an agent to generally accept the default option in a strategic
Default_effect
Common expression regarding optimism or pessimism
principle Cognitive bias in animals Framing effects (psychology) Framing (social sciences) Less-is-better effect List of cognitive biases Silver lining
Is the glass half empty or half full?
Is_the_glass_half_empty_or_half_full?
Concept in organisational psychology
In organisational psychology, the honeymoon-hangover effect describes the relationship between voluntary employee job change and job satisfaction. The
Honeymoon-hangover_effect
Tendency to give more importance to negative experiences than positive ones
negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that human cognition is relatively more affected by a negative effect than an equally potent positive effect. The negativity
Negativity_bias
Harmful effect from negative belief
of a framing effect and the authorized concealment. Amplified placebo effect Autosuggestion Clinical trial Inverse placebo effect Lessebo effect Placebo
Nocebo
Internet meme
effectively lowering the assessed cost-per-use. This approach relies on the framing effect, enabling individuals to justify big-ticket or luxury items by altering
Girl_math
Psychological effect
(2010-04-30). "The Local Dominance Effect in Self-Evaluation: Evidence and Explanations". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 14 (4): 368–384. doi:10
Frog_pond_effect
Personality hypothesis which describes two contrasting personality types
disease. Nevertheless, this research had a significant effect on the development of the health psychology field, in which psychologists look at how an individual's
Type A and Type B personality theory
Type_A_and_Type_B_personality_theory
Factors influencing economic decisions
People tend to have little control over their susceptibility to the framing effect, as often their choice-making process is based on intuition. While heuristics
Behavioral_economics
Ability of the mass media to influence the public agenda of a society
opinions. It also suggests that framing is a form of gatekeeping, similar to the agenda setting theory. According to Weaver, framing and second-level agenda setting
Agenda-setting_theory
Psychology is defined as "the scientific study of behavior and mental processes". Philosophical interest in the human mind and behavior dates back to the
History_of_psychology
Topics referred to by the same term
(Internet) Thought blocking, a type of thought disorder Blocking effect, in psychology Mental block, a type of suppression or repression Blocking (linguistics)
Blocking
Cognitive bias of wrongly viewing yourself as unique
The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits
False-uniqueness_effect
False credibility due to quantity of citations
The Woozle effect, also known as evidence by citation, occurs when a source is widely cited for a claim that the source does not adequately support, giving
Woozle_effect
Cognitive bias of underestimating time needed
overruns, but also cost overruns and benefit shortfalls. In a 1994 study, 37 psychology students were asked to estimate how long it would take to finish their
Planning_fallacy
Internet adage
showing no such relationship, the false assertion has had a disastrous effect on public health, contributing to vaccine hesitancy. Decades of research
Brandolini's_law
Psychological defense mechanism
In psychology, sublimation is a mature type of defense mechanism, in which socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are transformed into socially
Sublimation_(psychology)
depression Audience effect Auditory processing disorder Aura in migraines and epilepsy Australasian Society for Experimental Psychology Australian Psychological
Index_of_psychology_articles
Concept in social philosophy
Woke Academic fields African American studies Whiteness studies Black psychology Black feminism and studies Black masculinist studies Philosophers Antebellum
Double_consciousness
Cognitive bias
numeracy training and cognitive reflection tasks. Base rate neglect Framing effect Statistical reasoning Availability heuristic Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd
Denominator_neglect
Empathy decrease as numbers in need increase
Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Perspective Taking's Effect on Empathic Concern" (PDF). Personality and Social Psychology Review. 24 (2): 141–62. doi:10.1177/1088868319887599
Compassion_fade
Tendency of people to prefer the letters in their name over other letters in the alphabet
Social Psychology. Nuttin, Jozef M. Jr. (1985). "Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: the name letter effect". European Journal of Social Psychology. 15
Name-letter_effect
Branch of psychology focused on personality
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. It aims to show how people are individually
Personality_psychology
Concept in social psychology
sub-discipline of psychology have acknowledged the relevance of a subjective construal, especially with regard to the concepts of the false consensus effect and the
Construal
Branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes from both cognitive
Educational_psychology
Technique in journalism
States. Lakoff has written about Trump's effective use of language and framing techniques, understanding the media will cover and repeat his most controversial
Truth_sandwich
Analytic approach to religion
Psychology of religionconsists of the application of psychological methods and interpretive frameworks to the diverse contents of religious traditions
Psychology_of_religion
Form of cognitive bias
Clarifying the role of metacognition in the Dunning-Kruger effect". Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 148 (11): 1882–1897. doi:10.1037/xge0000579
Illusion_of_explanatory_depth
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
reproducibility rates and effect sizes by journal and discipline. Study replication rates were 23% for the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48% for Journal
Replication_crisis
Emulation of another suicide
(1992). "Modelling and suicide: a test of the Werther effect". British Journal of Social Psychology. 31 (4): 295–306. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.1992.tb00974
Copycat_suicide
The history of evolutionary psychology began with Charles Darwin, who argued that all the most human of human capacities—the human intellect, rationality
History of evolutionary psychology
History_of_evolutionary_psychology
Experience of feeling or emotion
Affect, in psychology, is the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood. It encompasses a wide range of emotional states and can be
Affect_(psychology)
Bias in behavioral sciences
thought. Researchers and investigators have encountered various branches of psychology and schools of thought. It is common for them to gravitate towards a school
Allegiance_bias
Psychological feeling of possession
Expectancy as a Constructed Belief: Evidence of a Live-To or Die-By Framing Effect" (PDF). Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. 46: 27–50. doi:10.1007/s11166-012-9158-0
Ownership_(psychology)
Inclination for or against
framing often presents facts in such a way that implicates a problem that is in need of a solution. Members of political parties attempt to frame issues
Bias
Generalized belief about people
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people. It is an expectation that people might have about every
Stereotype
Israeli-American psychologist and economist (1934–2024)
Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024. "Framing Effect – an overview". www.sciencedirect.com. Archived from the original on
Daniel_Kahneman
Type of psychological manipulation
scaffolding of a dominant racial hierarchy. By pathologizing dissent and framing challenges to racial inequities as misperceptions or even assaults on democratic
Gaslighting
This article is a general timeline of psychology. c. 1550 BCE – The Ebers Papyrus mentioned depression and thought disorders. c. 600 BCE – Many cities
Timeline_of_psychology
Public relations tactic using fake grassroots movements
"There will be times when the position you advocate, no matter how well framed and supported, will not be accepted by the public simply because you are
Astroturfing
Theory of cognition
Behavioral economics Cognitive development Decision-making Developmental psychology Framing Reason Risk Reyna, V.F.; Brainerd, C.J. (1995). "Fuzzy-trace theory:
Fuzzy-trace_theory
Increased short-run support for a leader in crisis or war
(2002). "A Defining Presidential Moment: 9/11 and the Rally Effect". Political Psychology. 23 (3): 559–583. doi:10.1111/0162-895X.00298. JSTOR 3792592
Rally_'round_the_flag_effect
Words or phrases using vague claims to appear meaningful
Fearmongering Framing Indoctrination Loaded language Media blackout National mythology "Outside agitators" Protest paradigm Rally 'round the flag effect Techniques
Weasel_word
Short-term incentive to initiate trial or purchase
consists of three subcategories: risky choice framing, attribute framing and goal framing. Risky choice framing references back to the gain-or-loss thought
Sales_promotion
Aspect of decision and prospect theories
in tasks where outcomes are framed as losses than when they are framed as gains. Yechiam and Hochman found that this effect occurred even when the alternative
Loss_aversion
Faculty of mind to store and retrieve data
auditory storage". Cognitive Psychology. 3 (2): 255–267. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90007-2. Carlson NR (2010). Psychology: the science of behavior. Boston
Memory
Interdisciplinary field studying perception, cognition, and characteristics of art
Effects of vertical position and perspective on framing single objects". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 38 (4): 865–879
Psychology_of_art
feeling rules is accompanied by that of framing rules, which are the context in which feeling rules operate. Framing rules, in Hochschild's account, are "the
Feeling_rules
Tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the inclinations of its members
In social psychology, group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its
Group_polarization
Psychological problem-solving tendency
and opened up a new wave of social psychology research that questioned its explanatory power. This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske
Cognitive_miser
Geometrical-optical illusion
explanation is the "framing-effects hypothesis", which says that the difference in the separation or gap of the horizontal lines from the framing converging lines
Ponzo_illusion
Cognitive phenomenon in reading
In cognitive psychology, the missing letter effect refers to the finding that, when people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading
Missing_letter_effect
Umbrella term of influence and mode of communication
Paradigm: Better than Average Effect and Comparisons of Typical Behaviors by Residents of Various Nations". Frontiers in Psychology. 8 1632. doi:10.3389/fpsyg
Persuasion
American businessman (1924–2023)
The psychology of human misjudgment Archived February 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Poor Charlie's Almanack. "Charlie Munger on the Psychology of Human
Charlie_Munger
2007 video game
Mass Effect is a 2007 action role-playing game developed by BioWare and published by Microsoft Game Studios for the Xbox 360. It is the first game in the
Mass_Effect_(video_game)
Theory of behavioral economics
raised doubts about the degree to which framing effects matter. For instance, John List argues that framing effects diminish in complex decision environments
Prospect_theory
Systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals
emerged in the early 1900s as a reaction to depth psychology and other traditional forms of psychology, which often had difficulty making predictions that
Behaviorism
Memorable motto or phrase used in social movements & advertisements
that had a positive effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the brand name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability
Slogan
Optical illusion
elevation, the more often an observer saw the dancer from above. In popular psychology, the illusion has been incorrectly identified as a personality test that
Spinning_dancer
Phenomenon of poets being more susceptible to mental illness
2017). "From the Sylvia Plath Effect to Social Justice: Moving Forward With Creativity". Europe's Journal of Psychology. 13 (2): 173–177. doi:10.5964/ejop
Sylvia_Plath_effect
American cognitive scientist
researcher. He is the Susan Linn Sage Professor emeritus in the Department of Psychology at Cornell University. Cutting has researched how the physical form and
James_E._Cutting
Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (1875–1961)
psychotherapist, and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology. He was a prolific author of over twenty books, illustrator, correspondent
Carl_Jung
The Mass Effect series, a military science fiction media franchise developed by Canadian video game developer BioWare and owned by American publisher Electronic
List of Mass Effect characters
List_of_Mass_Effect_characters
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