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Digestive system structure
The gastrointestinal wall of the gastrointestinal tract is made up of four layers of specialised tissue. From the inner cavity of the gut (the lumen)
Gastrointestinal_wall
Hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as gastrointestinal rupture, is a hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal_perforation
Illnesses of the digestive system
Gastrointestinal diseases (abbrev. GI diseases or GI illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach,
Gastrointestinal_disease
Organ system within humans and other animals
The gastrointestinal tract (also called the GI tract, digestive tract, and the alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that
Gastrointestinal_tract
Vital part of the nervous system controlling the gastrointestinal tract
functions as a pathway for the innervation in the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal wall. The ENS is capable of autonomous functions like the coordination
Enteric_nervous_system
Digestive organ
to the cisterna chyli. Like the other parts of the gastrointestinal wall, the human stomach wall from inner to outer, consists of a mucosa, submucosa
Stomach
External opening of the rectum
warts can be spread via anal sex. The anus is the final part of the gastrointestinal tract, and directly continues from the rectum, passing through the
Human_anus
Vertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomach
in serosa. This makes it distinct from many other structures in the gastrointestinal tract that only have a serosa. There are two types of glands, with
Esophagus
Damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach
which is an area of damage to the gastrointestinal wall (in this case the gastric wall) that extends deeper through the wall than an erosion; an ulcer can
Gastric_erosion
Section of the large intestine closest to the rectum and anus
rectum. Its function is to expel solid and gaseous waste from the gastrointestinal tract. The curving path it takes toward the anus allows it to store
Sigmoid_colon
Final portion of the large intestine
the rectum and anus The microanatomy of the wall of the rectum is similar to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract; namely, that it possesses a mucosa
Rectum
Radiographs used to examine abnormalities of the digestive system excluding the colon
enhances the visibility of the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside wall of the tract and appearing white on the film. This
Upper_gastrointestinal_series
Ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract
associated with 5% to 10% death rate. Perforation (a hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract) following a gastric ulcer often leads to catastrophic
Peptic_ulcer_disease
Last part of the digestive system in vertebrates
intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods. Water and salts are
Large_intestine
First section of the small intestine
results in gastrointestinal obstruction. An intramural annular pancreas is characterized by pancreatic tissue that is fused with the duodenal wall, causing
Duodenum
Protective layer that lines the interior of hollow organs
This article is one of a series on the Gastrointestinal wall General structure Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa Circular muscle Longitudinal muscle Serosa
Mucous_membrane
Inflammation of the small intestine
submucosa; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall. Mucosal and mural infarcts in and of themselves may not be fatal
Enteritis
Final section of the small intestine
system. The four layers that make up the wall of the ileum are consistent with those of the gastrointestinal tract. From the inner to the outer surface
Ileum
Organ in the gastrointestinal tract
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place. It lies between
Small_intestine
Medical condition
which an untreated ulcer has burned through the mucosal wall in a segment of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the stomach or colon) allowing gastric contents
Perforated_ulcer
Part of the small intestine
Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus See also Gastrointestinal wall Human digestive system Anatomical terminology Outline of human anatomy
Jejunum
Part of the enteric nervous system
neural crest. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility. According to preclinical studies
Myenteric_plexus
Single-cell layer lining the intestines
surface (lining) of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. Composed of simple columnar epithelium its main functions are
Intestinal_epithelium
Phenomenon of drug metabolism
first pass effect of a drug are the enzymes of the gastrointestinal lumen, gastrointestinal wall enzymes, bacterial enzymes and hepatic enzymes. After
First_pass_effect
Smooth tissue lining body cavities
smooth epithelial membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid to allow lubricated sliding
Serous_membrane
Human disease (cancer)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Gastrointestinal_stromal_tumor
Anterior part of the gastrointestinal tract
gut wall, beginning in the esophagus and ending in the anus. The main function of the ENS is to control the secretory activity of the gastrointestinal glands
Foregut
Medical imaging procedure
easily biopsied, as are any abnormal lymph nodes. In addition, the gastrointestinal wall itself can be imaged to see if it is abnormally thick, suggesting
Endoscopic_ultrasound
Abnormally elevated levels of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood
in the GI tract by targeting NPC1L1, a transport protein in the gastrointestinal wall. This results in decreased LDL cholesterol. PCSK9 inhibitors are
Hyperlipidemia
Outer layer of fibrous tissue surrounding a bodily organ
organs are covered in adventitia (loose connective tissue) In the gastrointestinal tract, the muscular layer is bounded in most cases by serosa. However
Adventitia
Organ system in vertebrates complementary to the circulatory system
associated with the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). In the gastrointestinal wall, the appendix has mucosa resembling that of the colon, but it is
Lymphatic_system
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also called gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIB), is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the
Gastrointestinal_bleeding
Layer of many organs in vertebrates
of the muscularis externa forms a sphincter at two locations of the gastrointestinal tract: in the pylorus of the stomach, it forms the pyloric sphincter
Muscular_layer
Rotationally symmetric stress distribution
In the pathology of vascular or gastrointestinal walls, the wall tension represents the muscular tension on the wall of the vessel. As a result of the
Cylinder_stress
Part of the enteric nervous system
the submucosa, plexus submucosus) lies in the submucosa of the intestinal wall. The nerves of this plexus are derived from the myenteric plexus which itself
Submucosal_plexus
Study of the physical function of the gut
Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The function of
Gastrointestinal_physiology
Polyatomic ions of the form N(–R)4 (charge +1)
to severe caustic burns on skin and the gastrointestinal wall (depending on concentration), gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea and vomiting), coma
Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Digestive system in humans
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver
Human_digestive_system
Medical condition
complete penetration of the wall of a hollow organ in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract in the case of gastrointestinal perforation. It mainly refers
Organ_perforation
Bleeding of the esophagus, stomach, or upper intestine
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Upper_gastrointestinal_bleeding
Organ in humans and other vertebrates
basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract. Sections of this foregut begin to differentiate into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the
Gallbladder
Diagnostic endoscopic procedure
diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. It is considered a minimally invasive procedure
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Human disease
into four categories. The first three are historical and the fourth, gastrointestinal beriberi, was recognized in 2004: Dry beriberi especially affects the
Thiamine_deficiency
Digestive disease of the large intestine
diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches—diverticula—that can develop in the wall of the large intestine
Diverticulitis
contain other substances (uncharacterized at present) from mammalian gastrointestinal wall tissues used to prepare some peptones. The presence of starch is
Granada_medium
Medical condition of blood in the feces
originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Evaluation
Blood_in_stool
Organ system cancer located in gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus
Gastrointestinal_cancer
Medical condition
most commonly in the stomach wall (submucosal) that erodes and bleeds. It can present in any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause gastric hemorrhage
Dieulafoy's_lesion
Genus of single-celled organisms
this genus infect the gastrointestinal wall of vertebrates. Genus diagnosis is dependent on the oocyst: there is a definite cell wall in this genus whereas
Dorisa
Branch of entomology
seta in the animals' forage and when ingested, will pierce the gastrointestinal wall and get through the bloodstream to the reproductive system. This
Economic_entomology
Medical condition
electrocautery polypectomy, which results in a burn injury to the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition results in abdominal pain, fever, elevated
Postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome
Postpolypectomy_coagulation_syndrome
Beta-lactam antibiotic
other oral cephalosporins, are gastrointestinal (stomach area) disturbances and hypersensitivity reactions. Gastrointestinal disturbances include nausea
Cefalexin
Blood vessels
the abdominal walls and communicate between tributaries of retroperitoneal parts of the gastrointestinal tract and veins of the body wall. Standring, Susan
Veins_of_Retzius
Reflex circuits in the gastrointestinal tract
Vagovagal reflex refers to gastrointestinal tract reflex circuits where afferent and efferent fibers of the vagus nerve coordinate responses to gut stimuli
Vagovagal_reflex
Community of microorganisms in the gut
fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota
Gut_microbiota
Slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor
throughout the gut. Over two-thirds of carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid tumors are also found in the lungs. Metastasis of
Carcinoid
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
radiological weapons. It is generally divided into three types: bone marrow, gastrointestinal, and neurovascular syndrome, with bone marrow syndrome occurring at
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Thin layer of tissue in various organs
submucosal layer, is a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts. It is the layer of dense irregular
Submucosa
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, abdominal
Crohn's_disease
Opening in the body
in particular in surgical procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or gastrointestinal system (GIS). The GIT begins at the mouth or oral cavity
Stoma_(medicine)
relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside wall of the tract and appearing white on the film. A lower gastrointestinal series is where
Abdominal_x-ray
Generative AI chatbot by OpenAI
Responses to Questions Related To Liver Transplantation". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 27 (8): 1716–1719. doi:10.1007/s11605-023-05714-9. ISSN 1873-4626
ChatGPT
Part of the body between the chest and pelvis
diaphragmatic hernia. In general, it is indicative of malnutrition. Many gastrointestinal diseases affect the abdominal organs. These include stomach disease
Abdomen
Thin layer of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract
lamina muscularis mucosae) is a thin layer (lamina) of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria, and separating it from the
Muscularis_mucosae
Group of genetic connective tissues disorders
such as EDS and both structural and functional problems within the gastrointestinal tract. High incidences of coexisting inflammatory disorders suggest
Ehlers–Danlos_syndrome
Radiographs used to examine abnormalities of the colon
A lower gastrointestinal series is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon of the large intestine. Radiographs (X-ray
Lower_gastrointestinal_series
Phylum of worms with a flexible cuticle
humans can cause anisakiasis, a gastric or gastroallergic disease. Gastrointestinal nematode infections in humans are common, with approximately 50% of
Nematode
Antacid medication
a medication used to treat temporary discomfort of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. This includes an upset stomach, heartburn, or other similar
Bismuth_subsalicylate
except ertapenem.) Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea Nausea Seizures Headache Rash and allergic reactions Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Doripenem
List_of_antibiotics
Inflammation of the gallbladder
can lead to adhesions between the gallbladder and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the duodenum. These adhesions can lead to the
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of abdominal organ lining
inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include
Peritonitis
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
Nerlich, Andreas (Nov 2000). "Molecular Evidence of Bacteremia by Gastrointestinal Pathogenic Bacteria in an Infant Mummy From Ancient Egypt". Archives
Bacterial_cell_structure
Contiguous fold of tissues that supports the intestines
primitive gut is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the dorsal mesentery. The gastrointestinal tract and associated dorsal mesentery are subdivided
Mesentery
Tumors of the endocrine and nervous systems
relatively more common in the gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems. NETs include certain tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and of the pancreatic islet
Neuroendocrine_tumor
Traditional Sardinian cheese
enteric pseudomyiasis, which can manifest as nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal upset; however, no cases have been linked to the cheese. Additionally
Casu_martzu
Tube attached to the intestine
This reservoir could repopulate the gut flora following a bout of gastrointestinal illness. The appendix is an important component of mammalian mucosal
Appendix_(anatomy)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication
Serious side effects may include heart attacks, strokes, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure, and anaphylaxis. Use is not
Celecoxib
Flow of stomach contents into the esophagus
(GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease
Tuberculosis which spreads beyond the lungs
and spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis. Abdominal infections include gastrointestinal tuberculosis (which is important to distinguish from Crohn's disease
Extrapulmonary_tuberculosis
Body cavity in the abdominal area
wall from the outside or by surgery. It may be brought in by the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. The most common origin is the gastrointestinal tract
Abdominal_cavity
Pinching of the intestine between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery
only after patients have undergone an extensive evaluation of their gastrointestinal tract including upper endoscopy, and evaluation for various malabsorptive
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome
Condition of the wall of the intestine
rectum. Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. However, it is estimated that 80% of these cases are self-limiting
Diverticulosis
Medication to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other conditions
and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It is also used to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk. Omeprazole is a proton-pump
Omeprazole
Feeding tube going into the stomach through the abdominal wall
enteral nutrition (making use of the natural digestion process of the gastrointestinal tract) despite bypassing the mouth; enteral nutrition is generally
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Percutaneous_endoscopic_gastrostomy
International network for seriously ill children
but are not limited, to cancer; rheumatologic, blood, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genetic, immunologic, metabolic, neurological and vascular disorders;
SeriousFun_Children's_Network
Medical condition
Heyde's syndrome is a syndrome of gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia in the presence of aortic stenosis. It is named after Edward C. Heyde,
Heyde's_syndrome
Blood escaping from the circulatory system
Pulmonary hemorrhage Hemothorax Gastrointestinal Upper gastrointestinal bleed Lower gastrointestinal bleed Occult gastrointestinal bleed Urinary tract Hematuria
Bleeding
Dark greenish-brown fluid aiding in the digestion of fats
intestine (which is normally responsible for absorbing fat from food) the gastrointestinal tract and gut flora are not adapted to processing fats, leading to
Bile
Surgery involving the pylorus
the mucosa, which is the layer of tissue facing the inside of the gastrointestinal tract. From there, the two portions of the pyloric muscle are tested
Pyloromyotomy
Medical condition
other plant glycosides. The anthranoid laxatives pass through the gastrointestinal tract unabsorbed until they reach the large intestine, where they are
Melanosis_coli
Clinical symptom
all forms of gastrointestinal conditions which cause pain as well as other causes of abdominal pain not involving the gastrointestinal tract. What makes
Horse_colic
Inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the colon
disease. In contrast to Crohn's disease, which can affect areas of the gastrointestinal tract outside of the colon, ulcerative colitis is usually confined
Ulcerative_colitis
Species of bacterium
Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium_longum
Radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles
lining of the gut. In much of a digestive tract, such as the human gastrointestinal tract, smooth muscle tissue contracts in sequence to produce a peristaltic
Peristalsis
Fetal alcohol syndrome First arch syndrome Focal femoral hypoplasia Gastrointestinal atresia Gastroschisis Holoprosencephaly Hydranencephaly Hydronephrosis
List_of_fetal_abnormalities
Medication mainly used to treat gout
overdosing is a significant risk. Common side effects of colchicine include gastrointestinal upset, particularly at high doses. Severe side effects may include
Colchicine
Type of pain in the organs
use of spasmolytics (antispasmodics) can help alleviate pain from a gastrointestinal obstruction by inhibiting the contraction of the gut. There are issues
Visceral_pain
Medical device
the management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to esophageal varices (distended and fragile veins in the esophageal wall, usually a result of cirrhosis)
Sengstaken–Blakemore_tube
Examination of the bowel
children and adults. Conditions that call for colonoscopies include gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unexplained changes in bowel habit and suspicion of malignancy
Colonoscopy
Medical procedure
of the gastrointestinal tract with thin walls, such as the cecum. Electrocautery "Post-Radiation Colitis". El Salvador Atlas of Gastrointestinal Video
Argon_plasma_coagulation
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GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
GASTROINTESTINAL WALL
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