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RNA molecule that specifies a target sequence
Guide RNA (gRNA) or single guide RNA (sgRNA) is a short sequence of RNA that guides a CRISPR-associated protein to its nucleic acid sequence target by
Guide_RNA
Type of CRISPR tool
See: Guide RNA, CRISPR A small guide RNA (sgRNA), or gRNA is an RNA with around 20 nucleotides used to direct Cas9 or dCas9 to their targets. gRNAs contain
CRISPR_activation
Class of small RNA molecules
nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly
Small_nucleolar_RNA
Microbial protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS
two small RNAs—crRNA and tracrRNA—to form a four-component complex. In 2012, Doudna and Charpentier fused the RNAs into a single-guide RNA, enabling Cas9
Cas9
Single cell RNA sequencing method
each guide RNA to allow for all perturbations to be pooled together and later deconvoluted, with assignment of each phenotype to a specific guide RNA. Droplet-based
Perturb-seq
DNA-editing technology
precursor crRNAs (pre-crRNAs) into mature crRNAs. This eliminates the requirement for a trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA), simplifying guide RNA design and
Cas12a
Gene editing method
system. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing
CRISPR_gene_editing
Gene editing system
TIGR-Tas (Tandem Interspaced Guide RNA-associated proteins) is a family of RNA-guided DNA-targeting systems discovered in prokaryotes and their viruses
TIGR-Tas
Molecular process
well as stability of RNAs, and has been linked with human diseases. RNA editing has been observed in some tRNA, rRNA, mRNA, or miRNA molecules of eukaryotes
RNA_editing
Gene editing technique
linked to an engineered reverse transcriptase, and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), capable of identifying the target site and providing the new genetic
Prime_editing
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
two small RNAs—crRNA and tracrRNA—to form a four-component complex. In 2012, Doudna and Charpentier fused the RNAs into a single-guide RNA, enabling Cas9
CRISPR
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution
RNA_world
RNA-targeting CRISPR effector
complementarity to a guide RNA. Cas13 performs two distinct ribonuclease functions: procession of its own CRISPR RNA and catalysis of target RNA cleavage. The
Cas13
Family of large biological molecules
transfer RNA (tRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)
RNA
RNA family
known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. SNORD111 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the C (UGAUGA)
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORD111
Biological molecule
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). This modification is created through post-transcriptional modification of the RNA. This
2'-O-methylation
Computer software that aids design of guide RNAs for CRISPR gene editing
platforms and bioinformatics tools used to facilitate the design of guide RNAs (gRNAs) for use with the CRISPR/Cas gene editing system. The CRISPR/Cas (clustered
CRISPR/Cas_tools
Type of base-pair DNA sequence
applications, a single-stranded RNA known as a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is synthesized to perform the function of the tracrRNA–crRNA complex in recognizing gene
Protospacer_adjacent_motif
Pyrococcus genomes seven H/ACA sRNAs and 15 pseudouridine (Ψ) resides on rRNA were identified. One H/ACA motif was shown to guide up to three distinct pseudouridylations
Archaeal_H/ACA_sRNA
Multiprotein complex
levels. Using single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragments, such as microRNA (miRNA), or double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), the complex functions as
RNA-induced_silencing_complex
for the different types of RNA are listed and explained. List of cis-regulatory RNA elements RNA: Types of RNA Non-coding RNA Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet
List_of_RNAs
RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus
CRISPR systems crRNA and tracrRNA (trans-activating CRISPR RNA) can form a complex known as the guide RNA or gRNA. The crRNA within the gRNA is what matches
CRISPR_RNA
RNA family
(snRNPs or snurps). ScaRNAs guide the modification (methylation and pseudouridylation) of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and
Small_Cajal_body-specific_RNA
Biological process of gene regulation
ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are central to components to the RNAi pathway. Once mRNA is degraded,
RNA_interference
Way to propagate genes throughout a population
difficult, if not impossible, to retarget. An RNA-guided endonuclease (e.g., Cas9 or Cas12a) and its guide RNA, which can be easily altered to set the target
Gene_drive
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
in RNA silencing. RNA editing, in which an RNA sequence is altered by a complex of proteins and a "guide RNA", could also be seen as an RNA-to-RNA transfer
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
American biotechnology company
the liver a two-part genome editing system: guide RNA specific to the disease-causing gene and messenger RNA that encodes the Cas9 enzyme, which carries
Intellia_Therapeutics
Type of unintended effects of genetic modification techniques
found that greater than 50% of RNA-guided endonuclease-induced mutations were not occurring on-target. The Cas9 guide RNA (gRNA) recognizes a 20 bp target
Off-target_genome_editing
Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
interaction with guide RNAs, which bind these specific sequences. These guide RNAs belong to the class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), which are complexed
Nucleolus
Small, circular replicating units of DNA
mitochondria-derived kinetoplast of trypanosomes, minicircles encode guide RNAs for RNA editing. In Amphidinium, the chloroplast genome is made of minicircles
Minicircle
RNA family
small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA MBII-202 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_MBII-202
Type of mutation
nucleases cutting system, using the normal Cas9 protein with single guide RNA (sgRNA) and then achieving the gene insertion through end-joining or dividing
Insertion_(genetics)
RNA family
as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA TBR12 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_TBR12
RNA family
nucleolar RNA also is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type
U98_small_nucleolar_RNA
RNA family
molecular biology, small Cajal body specific RNA 4 (also known as ACA26) is believed to be a guide RNA of the H/ACA box class, since it has the predicted
Small Cajal body specific RNA 4
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_4
Research tool in genomics
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, coupled with libraries of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), which are designed to target every gene in the genome. Over recent
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens
Genome-wide_CRISPR-Cas9_knockout_screens
RNA family
guide the modification of RNA polymerase II transcribed spliceosomal RNAs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U12. ACA57 belongs to the H/ACA box class of guide RNAs as
Small Cajal body specific RNA 11
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_11
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 23
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_23
Genes and regulatory proteins
solved. Piwi proteins are RNA-binding proteins with 2 or 3 domains: The N-terminal PAZ domain binds the 3'-end of the guide RNA; the middle MID domain binds
Piwi
Methods used to change the DNA of organisms
DNA into RNA and combines this RNA with Cas9 proteins to make double-stranded breaks in the invading viral DNA. The RNA serves as a guide RNA to direct
Genetic engineering techniques
Genetic_engineering_techniques
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 6
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_6
Biological molecule
CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) are transcribed from this CRISPR locus. The crRNAs are then incorporated into effector complexes, where the crRNA guides the complex
Trans-activating_crRNA
RNA family
small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA Z168/Z174 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_Z168/Z174
Class of RNA molecules
small RNAs. Small nucleolar RNAs play essential roles in RNA biogenesis and guide chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and other RNA genes
Small_nuclear_RNA
Conserved RNA structure
"Discovery of Pyrobaculum small RNA families with atypical pseudouridine guide RNA features". RNA. 18 (3): 402–411. doi:10.1261/rna.031385.111. ISSN 1469-9001
Pyrobac-1_RNA_motif
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 13
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_13
Class of enzymes that divide DNA
hydroxymethylated and glucosyl-hydroxymethylated DNA Type V enzymes utilize guide RNAs (gRNAs) Type I restriction enzymes were the first to be identified and were
Restriction_enzyme
Computational biologist
for leading the discovery of Tandem Interspaced Guide RNA (TIGR-Tas) systems, a novel class of RNA-guided DNA-targeting proteins found in prokaryotes and
Guilhem_Faure
American molecular biologist
chair of the RNA Therapeutics Institute. His research focuses on RNA-mediated mechanisms of gene regulation, including pre-mRNA splicing, RNA interference
Erik_J._Sontheimer
Protein that plays a role in RNA silencing process
microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Small RNAs guide Argonaute proteins to their specific targets through
Argonaute
RNA family
as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA TBR4 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_TBR4
RNA family
as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA U73 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORD73
Biomolecule in parasitic microbe
the largest classes of ncRNA, are further subdivided into the two major C/D and H/ACA snoRNA families. snoRNA serve as guide RNAs for 2'-O-methylation and
Trypanosome_H/ACA_box_snoRNAs
Topics referred to by the same term
glucocorticoid response (TIGR) or MYOC, a human gene Tandem interspaced guide RNA-associated protein (TIGR-Tas), a DNA-targeting system similar to CRISPR-Cas
Tigr
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 16
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_16
RNA family
as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. snoRNA TBR6 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Small_nucleolar_RNA_TBR6
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 8
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_8
Class of RNA-guided gene editing systems
OMEGA (obligate mobile element guided activity) systems are a class of RNA-guided DNA targeting systems encoded by transposable elements. They include
OMEGA_endonuclease
on the other hand, are small and numerous, encoding guide RNAs (gRNAs). Role of Guide RNA: The gRNAs coded in the minicircles are essential for the post-transcriptional
Cryptogene
Process of editing the human genome so that the changes are inherited
CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of an enzyme called Cas9 and a special piece of guide RNA (gRNA). Cas9 acts as a pair of 'molecular scissors' that can cut the DNA
Human_germline_engineering
Non-coding guide RNA associated with GAR1 protein
RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'. ACA55 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORA55
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 15
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_15
Type of DNA cutting enzyme that uses RNA to target genes of interest
eukaryotic, RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, which means it is a type of DNA cutting enzyme that uses RNA to target genes of interest. In bacteria, RNA-guided DNA
Fanzor
Modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing
repeats) system for genome editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system uses a short guide RNA (sgRNA) sequence to direct a Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease, acting
CRISPR-Display
elements (MGEs) that have evolved to make use of minimal CRISPR systems for RNA-guided transposition of their DNA. Unlike traditional CRISPR systems that contain
CRISPR-associated_transposons
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TB10Cs1H2_snoRNA
Lab technique in cellular biology
mRNA transcripts, RNA-Seq can look at different populations of RNA to include total RNA, small RNA, such as miRNA, tRNA, and ribosomal profiling. RNA-Seq
RNA-Seq
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from DNA during Transcription
the DNA unwinding at that position. RNAP not only initiates RNA transcription, it also guides the nucleotides into position, facilitates attachment and
RNA_polymerase
addition may occur throughout a variety of RNA types including mRNAs, small RNAs, miRNAs, siRNAs, guide RNAs, or piRNAs. Polyuridylation has been shown to play
Polyuridylation
Biomolecule
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, typically
Small_interfering_RNA
Field of molecular biology
genomic and transcriptomic projects (such as genome sequencing projects and RNA sequencing). Functional genomics focuses on the dynamic aspects such as gene
Functional_genomics
Genetics sequence
DNA-guided CRISPR refers to engineered CRISPR-Cas systems that utilize synthetic DNA guides, rather than canonical RNA guides, to recognize and target
DNA-guided_CRISPR
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from an RNA template
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Specifically, it catalyzes
RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase
American molecular parasitologist
structure and function of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and for the discovery of guide RNAs in trypanosomatid parasites. He became a Fellow of the American Academy
Larry_Simpson
RNA family
snoRNA U22 (also known as SNORD22) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORD22
Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
also some non-coding RNAs (e.g., snRNAs, snoRNAs or long non-coding RNAs). RNA polymerase III transcribes 5S rRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and some small
Gene_expression
American biochemist
Samuel H. Sternberg is an American protein–RNA biochemist known for his research on CRISPR–Cas gene editing technology. He is an associate professor in
Samuel_H._Sternberg
Class of large biomolecules essential to all known life
The three universal types of RNA include transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Messenger RNA acts to carry genetic sequence
Nucleic_acid
Non-coding RNA molecule which functions in the biogenesis of other small nuclear RNAs
cells. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA' as it 'guides' the modification process. ACA30 was originally
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORA30
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 24
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_24
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TB6Cs1H1_snoRNA
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
RNA for the purpose of gene expression. Some segments of DNA are transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins, called messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcription_(biology)
Plant gene encoding a Dicer-like protein
trans-acting siRNAs. Following miR390-guided cleavage of the TAS3 long noncoding RNA and conversion of the cleavage products into double-stranded RNA by RNA-dependent
DCL4
Ribosomal RNA Ribosome Ribosomes Ribozyme Risk communication RNA RNA editing RNA phage RNA polymerase RNA replicase RNA splicing Robertsonian fusion rRNA S (Svedberg
Index_of_genetics_articles
Genetic perturbation technique
an RNA-guided manner. Targeting specificity is determined by complementary base-pairing of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to the genomic locus. sgRNA is a
CRISPR_interference
RNA family
nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'. This Drosophila-specific snoRNA is a member of the H/ACA box class of snoRNA and is predicted
Small nucleolar RNA psi18S-1854
Small_nucleolar_RNA_psi18S-1854
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TB11Cs5H1_snoRNA
RNA family
a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. Z18 snoRNA belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved
Z18_small_nucleolar_RNA
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TB6Cs1H3_snoRNA
RNA family
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and
Small_nucleolar_RNA_snoR9
HI-Edit. In this approach, the haploid-inducing parent carries Cas9 and a guide RNA targeted to a gene in the other parent. Editing can occur shortly after
Doubled_haploidy
American gene therapy recipient (born 2024)
speed up development of an editing solution [a suitable base editor and guide RNA], because providing a therapy after a year and a half is not going to
KJ_Muldoon
Biochemical changes to RNA
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). The most common and well-understood mRNA modification at
Epitranscriptome
RNA family
known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. SNORD100 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the C (UGAUGA)
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORD100
RNA family
spliceosomal RNA. scaRNAs are a specific class of small nucleolar RNAs that localise to the Cajal bodies and guide the modification of RNA polymerase II
Small Cajal body specific RNA 21
Small_Cajal_body_specific_RNA_21
American biochemist and Nobel laureate (born 1964)
the Streptococcus bacterial "CRISPR" immune system that cooperates with guide RNA and works like scissors. The protein attacks its prey, the DNA of viruses
Jennifer_Doudna
RNA family
nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'. This Drosophila specific snoRNA is a member of the H/ACA box class of snoRNA and is predicted
Small nucleolar RNA psi28S-3327
Small_nucleolar_RNA_psi28S-3327
RNA family
RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'. ACA61 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as
Small_nucleolar_RNA_SNORA61
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
the mRNA. miRNAs resemble the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, except miRNAs derive from regions of RNA transcripts
MicroRNA
non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)
TB10Cs4H2_snoRNA
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GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
GUIDE RNA
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