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Molecule destroying the membrane of red blood cells
Hemolysins or haemolysins are lipids and proteins that cause lysis of red blood cells by disrupting the cell membrane. Although the lytic activity of some
Hemolysin
DNA / RNA sequencing technique
movement of DNA or RNA through the pores of the lipid membranes. Alpha hemolysin (αHL), a nanopore from bacteria that causes lysis of red blood cells,
Nanopore_sequencing
Alpha-toxin, also known as alpha-hemolysin (Hla), is the major cytotoxic agent released by bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the first identified member
Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_alpha_toxin
Substances toxic to individual cells
liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms. Hemolysin is also used by certain bacteria
Cytolysin
Breakdown of red blood cells
streptococcal species. A substance that causes hemolysis is called a hemolysin. When alpha-hemolysis (α-hemolysis) is present, the agar under the colony
Hemolysis_(microbiology)
Rupturing of red blood cells and release of their contents
action of hemolysins, toxins that are produced by certain pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Another cause is intense physical exercise. Hemolysins damage the
Hemolysis
Extremely potent neurotoxin
and other animals. C. tetani also produces the exotoxin tetanolysin, a hemolysin, that causes destruction of tissues. Tetanus toxin spreads through tissue
Tetanus_toxin
Identifiers Organism Clostridium perfringens Symbol cpb Alt. symbols α-hemolysin, hlgB_2 Orthologs OMA: entry UniProt Q46181 Search for Structures Swiss-model
Clostridium perfringens beta toxin
Clostridium_perfringens_beta_toxin
Microbiological method for identification
substance, CAMP factor, that enlarges the area of hemolysis formed by the β-hemolysin elaborated from Staphylococcus aureus. Although the test is usually used
CAMP_test
Species of bacterium
are thought to contribute to E. faecalis infections. A plasmid-encoded hemolysin, called the cytolysin, is important for pathogenesis in animal models
Enterococcus_faecalis
Species of bacterium
sialic acid)and a pore-forming toxin, β-hemolysin. Today, it is considered that GBS pigment (granadaene) and hemolysin are identical or closely related molecules
Streptococcus_agalactiae
Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a hemolysin produced by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, the pathogen responsible for causing listeriosis. The toxin may
Listeriolysin_O
Species of bacterium
argenteus is cytotoxic to human cells due to high expression of alpha-hemolysin. Whole-genome comparisons prove that S. argenteus shares half of its core
Staphylococcus_argenteus
Enzyme
β- and γ-toxins, lipophosphodiesterase C, phosphatidase C, heat-labile hemolysin, α-toxin) is an enzyme with systematic name phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase
Lecithinase_C
Genus of bacteria
including prodigiosin, biosurfactants, DNAse, lipase, protease, gelatinase, hemolysin, chitinase, chloroperoxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Prodigiosin, a
Serratia
Strain of bacterium
It is also distinguished from classic biotypes by the production of hemolysins. At the turn of the 20th century, the Ottoman government established six
El_Tor
Protein family
that consists of several enterobacterial haemolysin (HlyE) proteins. Hemolysin E (HlyE) is a novel pore-forming toxin of Escherichia coli, Salmonella
Haemolysin_E
Protein-produced toxins that create pores in cell membrane
porin B, Cytolysin A of E. coli. Beta-barrel pore-forming toxins e.g. α-Hemolysin (Fig 1), PVL – Panton-Valentine leukocidin, various insecticidal toxins
Pore-forming_toxin
Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
are included in these virulence factors. The factors, including toxins, hemolysins and proteases, bring damage to the host. Bacteria produce various adhesins
Virulence_factor
Pore of nanometer size
or single-stranded DNA molecules through the membrane-embedded alpha-hemolysin channel (1.5 nm diameter), for example, causes a ~90% blockage of the
Nanopore
Respiratory toxin
adenylate cyclase (AC) enzyme that is linked to a characteristic RTX hemolysin (Hly) moiety of ~1300 residues. This Hly moiety itself consists of four
CyaA
Type of artificial cell
their own. Division has been accomplished in the lab by adding alpha-hemolysin, a pore-forming membrane protein, for single division events and the use
SpudCell
Class of bacterial infections
virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis of GAS, such as M protein, hemolysins, and extracellular enzymes. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus can cause
Group A streptococcal infection
Group_A_streptococcal_infection
Enzyme that functions outside the cell it is secreted from
the protein and saccharides, respectively, that hold tissues together. Hemolysins target erythrocytes, a.k.a. red blood cells. Attacking and lysing these
Exoenzyme
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
bacterium. It is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and expresses a beta hemolysin, which causes destruction of red blood cells. This bacterium exhibits
Listeria_monocytogenes
American parasitologist
the host-parasite relationship, and the mechanisms of the formation of hemolysin and antibody, as well as researching the antimalarial mechanisms of quinine
Lucy_Graves_Taliaferro
Form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of newborn
coli, shiga toxin-producing E. Coli, and E. coli expressing intimin and hemolysin". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 29 (4): 452–456
Colostrum
Species of bacterium
demonstrated to degrade host antimicrobial peptides in CoNS, as well as hemolysins, lipases, and esterases, are among them. In contrast to the acute illness
Staphylococcus_capitis
Dangerously low blood pressure due to damage from an organ infection
membrane-damaging toxins, destroy cell membranes to enter and include hemolysins and phospholipases. Type III, intracellular toxins or A/B toxins interfere
Septic_shock
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
readout of electrical signals occurred as nucleotides passed by alpha(α)-hemolysin pores covalently bound with cyclodextrin. However the subsequent commercial
DNA_sequencing
Protein family
HHA solution structure of hemolysin expression modulating protein hha from escherichia coli. ontario centre for structural proteomics target ec0308_1_72;
Haemolysin expression modulating protein family
Haemolysin_expression_modulating_protein_family
macrophages to release interleukin-1β. Hemolysin Bielaszewska M, Aldick T, Bauwens A, Karch H (July 2014). "Hemolysin of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli:
Enterohemolysin
Species of bacterium
antigenicity". The genome also revealed a bundle of 12 proteins and some putative hemolysins are potential virulence factors of T. pallidum. One protein, TprK, appears
Treponema_pallidum
Species of bacterium
bacteria. Some of these exotoxins include lipases, phospholipases, and hemolysins. V. harveyi also produces several types of proteases which break down
Vibrio_harveyi
Topics referred to by the same term
phage lysins, also known as endolysins Autolysin Cytolysin Egg lysin Hemolysin NK-lysin Streptolysin Cell lysis Toxin This disambiguation page lists
Lysin_(disambiguation)
Type of regulator gene
transcript, known as RNAIII, is a 514 nt regulatory RNA that encodes δ-hemolysin and is the major effector of the agr regulon. RNAIII acts by antisense
Accessory_gene_regulator
Toxin excreted by ''Bacillus cereus''
aligns the most with the stem region of α-hemolysin (64%) and may adopt a similar structure. This α-hemolysin of S. aureus synthesis which really does
Cytotoxin_K
American chemist
extent of damage in G-quadruplexes of telomeres, Burrows used a protein α-hemolysin, which contains a nanoscale tube core and is embedded in the cell membrane
Cynthia_Burrows
Species of bacterium
pathogenesis and at least three of these ORFs show homology to staphylococcal hemolysins. The S. haemolyticus genome also contains many insertion sequences (ISs)
Staphylococcus_haemolyticus
Species of bacterium
to grow. Colonies on blood agar show β-hemolysis, although the exact hemolysin produced by S. castoreus is unknown. S. castoreus isolates from wild beavers
Streptococcus_castoreus
Small RNA
or cytolysins. Among the latter is the important virulence factor, α-hemolysin (or alpha toxin) (Hla), whose translation RNAIII activates by preventing
RNAIII
Genus of bacteria
colonization factor and fimbriae, and toxins, such as adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, dermonecrotic toxin and tracheal cytotoxin. These factors are then expressed
Bordetella
Species of bacterium
extracellular enzymes, specifically a zinc-metalloprotease and a cytolysin/hemolysin that are nearly identical to those produced by other pathogenic Vibrio
Vibrio_tubiashii
Marine bacterium
toxin, ctxA and ctxB. The strain did contain hlyA gene which codes for hemolysin, an endotoxin found in most Vibrio species. Orata, Fabini; Cynthia Hedreyda
Vibrio_campbellii
Species of bacterium
thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and/or the tdh-related hemolysin gene (trh). Strains possessing one or both of these hemolysins exhibit beta-hemolysis
Vibrio_parahaemolyticus
Blood disorder in which antibodies target red blood cells
Schwartz in 1938, and, in 1940, they demonstrated the presence of abnormal hemolysins in the sera of patients with acquired hemolytic anemia and postulated
Autoimmune_hemolytic_anemia
Genus of bacteria
hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease, lecithinase, leukocidin, protease, lipase, and hemolysin. Clostridium ljungdahlii, recently discovered in commercial chicken wastes
Clostridium
British biochemist
Bayley, H.; Gouaux, J. E. (1996). "Structure of Staphylococcal alpha -Hemolysin, a Heptameric Transmembrane Pore". Science. 274 (5294): 1859–1865. Bibcode:1996Sci
Hagan_Bayley
Species of bacterium
without any cytotoxic effects. It also has a filterable cytotoxic alpha-hemolysin rarely found in other Proteus species. A highly active urease produced
Proteus_penneri
Species of heterotrophic, Gram-negative, bacterium
extracellular proteins such as aerolysin, lipase, chitinase, amylase, gelatinase, hemolysins, and enterotoxins. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. The
Aeromonas_hydrophila
Part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells
462–506. Ehrlich P, Morgenroth J (29 May 1899). "Ueber Haemolysine" [On hemolysin]. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift (in German). 36 (22): 481–486. From
Complement_system
Pore forming toxin
Oukhaled, Abdelghani (2016). "Probing driving forces in aerolysin and α-hemolysin biological nanopores: electrophoresis versus electroosmosis". Nanoscale
Aerolysin
Topics referred to by the same term
wards in Yokohama City, Japan Kanagawa (金川), a Japanese surname Kanagawa hemolysin, a toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus Kanagawa Station
Kanagawa_(disambiguation)
Medical condition
namely pyruvate kinase instability leaving them susceptible to circulating hemolysin such as lysolecithin. Changes in membrane lipid compositions such as increased
Zieve's_syndrome
Group of exotoxins from bacteria
were originally divided into hemolysins and leukotoxins. However, evidence has shown leukotoxic activity in the hemolysins, leading to reclassification
RTX_toxin
Class of enzymes
protease and lipase families. Examples from Gram-negative bacteria include α-hemolysin, cyclolysin, colicin V and siderophores, while examples from Gram-positive
Translocase
Genus of bacteria
amputation. Although some potential virulence factors (e.g. endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, adherence factors) have been identified, their precise
Aeromonas
Species of scorpion
investigations of the crude venom, both direct and indirect (phospholipase A) hemolysins were identified from the species. "Scorpionidae". Archived from the original
Srilankametrus_gravimanus
3D schematic representation of protein structure
ribbon images. KiNG is the Java-based successor to Mage (examples: α-hemolysin top view and side view). UCSF Chimera is a powerful molecular modeling
Ribbon_diagram
Genus of bacteria
the phagolysosome by lysing the vacuole's entire membrane with secreted hemolysin, now characterized as the exotoxin listeriolysin O. The bacteria then
Listeria
Bacterial molecular machine
of the apparatus. One class of substrates binds within the pore of a hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp) hexamer. Since substrates are unstable in the
Type_VI_secretion_system
Species of gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium
defend itself against the immune response's T cells through two toxins: a hemolysin and the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). CDT is characterized by its
Haemophilus_ducreyi
Strains of E. coli that can cause disease
urinary tract infections. Uropathogenic E. coli produce alpha- and beta-hemolysins, which cause lysis of urinary tract cells.[citation needed] Another virulence
Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli
Slovenian physicist (1955–2024)
"Size-dependent forced PEG partitioning into channels: VDAC, OmpC, and α-hemolysin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (32): 9003–9008
Rudolf_Podgornik
American microbiologist and professor
characterized virulence determinants including P and type 1 fimbriae, flagella, hemolysin (other toxins), and multiple iron acquisition systems. The latter proteins
Harry_L.T._Mobley
Infection by Streptococcus agalactiae
Among them, the capsular polysaccharide (rich in sialic acid) and the β-hemolysin (a pore-forming toxin) are the most important virulence factors of GBS
Group B streptococcal infection
Group_B_streptococcal_infection
Species of pathogenic bacterium found in water
number of extracellular toxins such as metalloprotease VvpE, cytolysin/hemolysin VvhA, and the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxins (MARTX)
Vibrio_vulnificus
Toxin produced by bacteria
K983. The part of the toxin from residue 400 to the C-terminus, called hemolysin, is structurally related to a large family of bacterial toxins - RTX toxins
Adenylate_cyclase_toxin
Aspect of immunity
precipitate bacterial toxins von Gruber and Durham (1896), Kraus (1897) Hemolysins Serum substances that work with complements to lyse red blood cells Jules
Humoral_immunity
Species of bacterium
hemolytic agents, which may facilitate degradation of the phagosome. A hemolysin activity, named NlyA, with immunological reactivity to Escherichia coli
Francisella_tularensis
Species of bacterium
in virulence. The species also produces hemolysins to breakdown host red blood cells to access iron. Hemolysins have been shown experimentally in E. tarda
Edwardsiella_piscicida
Bacterial infection spread by ticks
To escape from the phagosome, the bacteria secrete phospholipase D and hemolysin C. This disrupts the phagosomal membrane and allows the bacteria to escape
Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever
Species of bacterium
syndromes observed in patients are thought to stem from the three toxins: hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), and cytotoxin K (CytK). The
Bacillus_cereus
Classification of membrane proteins including ion channels
DUF3374 electron transport-associated porin (ETPorin) family 1.C.3 α-Hemolysin (αHL) family 1.C.4 Aerolysin family 1.C.5 ε-toxin family 1.C.11 RTX-toxin
Transporter Classification Database
Transporter_Classification_Database
Group of enzymes
other polyvalent cations on channel formation by Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin in red blood cells and lipid bilayer membranes". European Journal of Biochemistry
Beta-propeller_phytase
Bacterial toxins
Czudnochowski N, Artymiuk PJ, et al. (August 2006). "Structure of the hemolysin E (HlyE, ClyA, and SheA) channel in its membrane-bound form". The Journal
Cry6Aa
PMID 24581690. Universal protein resource accession number P0C1V1 for "Delta-hemolysin" at UniProt. Dinges MM, Orwin PM, Schlievert PM (January 2000). "Exotoxins
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_delta_toxin
Genus of deep sea proteobacteria
bacterium, it possess some virulence genes (including virulence factor mviN, hemolysin or N-linked glycosylation gene cluster) which provide insights into the
Nitratiruptor
wild-type E. coli, it causes hemolysis due to the release of the SheA hemolysin. Another holin (phage H-19B holin) is encoded by a gene associated with
Lambda_holin_family
Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
electrolytes and water from intestinal cells. Membrane-damaging toxins exhibit hemolysin or cytolysin activity in vitro. However, induction of cell lysis may not
Exotoxin
Genus of bacteria
insect's defense systems and produce numerous virulence factors such as hemolysin and cytotoxin. They participate in suppressing insect immunity and killing
Xenorhabdus
sharp, as supramolecular or covalent bonding of cyclodextrins to alpha-hemolysin demonstrates. An ion channel can be characterized by its opening characteristics
Synthetic_ion_channels
Protein spanning across a biological membrane
and multidrug resistance proteins MspA porin (octamer, n=S=16) and α-hemolysin (heptamer n=S=14) . These proteins are secreted. Membrane topology Transmembrane
Transmembrane_protein
Biologist
"Disulphide bond restrains the C-terminal region of thermostable direct hemolysin during folding to promote oligomerization". Biochemical Journal. 474 (2):
Kausik_Chattopadhyay
the cyl cluster. Moreover, it has been suggested that GBS pigment and hemolysin are identical or closely related molecules. It has also been reported
Granada_medium
Species of bacterium
modulate the host's immune response. The pore-forming cytotoxins, α-hemolysin and β-hemolysin, lyse erythrocytes of sheep and rabbits. Leukotoxin destroys host
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Staphylococcus_pseudintermedius
Proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes
Polypeptide toxins and many antibacterial peptides, such as colicins or hemolysins, and certain proteins involved in apoptosis, are sometimes considered
Membrane_protein
Egyptian scientist
nano-biosensor for monitoring the hemolytic effect of Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin El-Badri was awarded an Initial Investigatorship Award from the American
Nagwa_El-Badri
αr15_ReCIATr15pC gene RHECIAT_PC0000856 R 941811 945572 YP_001985476.1 hemolysin-type calcium-binding protein Rhizobium etli CIAT 652 plasmid pC (NC_010997)
Αr15_RNA
Membrane proteins that adhere temporarily to membranes with which they are associated
transformations occur in pore forming toxins such as colicin A, alpha-hemolysin, and others. They may also occur in BcL-2 like protein , in some amphiphilic
Peripheral_membrane_protein
Gene family
polypeptide chain, arranged as TMD-NBD-TMD-NBD. An example is the E. coli hemolysin exporter HlyB. Importers have an inverted organization, that is, NBD-TMD-NBD-TMD
ABC_transporter
complementarity determining regions MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.525 – hemolysins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.573 – immune sera MeSH D12.776.377.715.548
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)
American cell biologist
collaboration with John Kasianowitz at NIST to explore this possibility with the hemolysin channel, and in 1996 published the first paper demonstrating that nanopore
David_W._Deamer
Toxin produced by microorganisms
used to describe toxins include enterotoxin, neurotoxin, leukocidin or hemolysin which indicate where in the host's body the toxin targets. Enterotoxins
Microbial_toxin
British microbiologist (born 1953)
Internal Lysine Residues Required for the Toxic Activity of Escherichia coli Hemolysin". Science. 266 (5193): 1992–1996. doi:10.1126/science.7801126. PMID 7801126
Colin_Hughes_(microbiologist)
Engineered component of a biological cell
done by having artificial cells express a pore forming protein - alpha hemolysin - under the control of an RNA thermometer, allowing for cargo release
Artificial_cell
Cell-mediated killing of other cells mediated by antibodies
crucial to a wide variety of erythrocyte-lysing bacteria, described as hemolysins. These bacteria target the CD18 portion of leukocytes, which has historically
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity
Bacterial growth form that lack cell walls, derived from different bacteria
Hertle R, Gumpert J, Braun V (October 1998). "The Serratia marcescens hemolysin is secreted but not activated by stable protoplast-type L-forms of Proteus
L-form_bacteria
Species of bacterium
bacteria replicate, they release cytotoxins (in the form of Apx toxins), hemolysins and the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)on their outer membranes. The subsequent
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Actinobacillus_pleuropneumoniae
Dichroism with circularly polarized light
dimers bind to a long perfect inverted repeat in the operator of the hemolysin II gene from Bacillus cereus". FEBS Letters. 581 (6): 1190–1196. Bibcode:2007FEBSL
Circular_dichroism
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