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Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in botany) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable
Virulence_factor
Genus of bacteria
influx, may also contribute to the intoxication of phagocytes. The virulence factors identified in the Bordetella are common to all three species. These
Bordetella
Human bacterial infection
Members of the Clostridium genus exhibit a plethora of virulence factors. Common virulence factors associated with gas gangrene include alpha toxin and
Gas_gangrene
Severity of disease pathogens on its host
disease—is determined by its virulence factors. In the specific context of gene for gene systems, often in plants, virulence refers to a pathogen's ability
Virulence
Species of bacterium
itself possesses few virulence factors, giving it the title of an opportunistic colonizer as opposed to a true pathogen. Virulence arises from its antibiotic
Corynebacterium_striatum
Species of bacterium
opportunistic pathogen that secretes immune-modulating virulence factors, has many adhesion factors, and the potential to create biofilms, all of which help
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Staphylococcus_pseudintermedius
Genus of bacteria
population has latent tuberculosis (TB). M. tuberculosis has many virulence factors, which can be divided across lipid and fatty acid metabolism, cell
Mycobacterium
Enzymes that break down DNA
Chen, Qijun (2016-05-06). "The TatD-like DNase of Plasmodium is a virulence factor and a potential malaria vaccine candidate". Nature Communications.
Deoxyribonuclease
Species of bacteria
To successfully colonize its host, H. pylori uses many different virulence factors including oxidase, catalase, and urease. Urease is the most abundant
Helicobacter_pylori
Species of parasite that causes sexually transmitted infections
responses and macrophages in the body. Cysteine proteinases may be another virulence factor because not only do these 30 kDa proteins bind to host cell surfaces
Trichomonas_vaginalis
Species of bacterium
a relationship between disease severity and the expression of the virulence factors Streptolysin S and SPEGdys has been inferred. Penicillin remains the
Streptococcus_dysgalactiae
Species of bacterium
for serotyping S. pyogenes based on its cell-wall polysaccharide, a virulence factor displayed on its surface. Care should be taken when using lancefield
Streptococcus_pyogenes
Species of bacterium
Plasmid Is a Transcriptional Regulator of Chromosomal Genes and a Virulence Factor". Infection and Immunity. 76 (6): 2273–2283. doi:10.1128/iai.00102-08
Chlamydia_trachomatis
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
poisoning. Pathogenic strains often promote infections by producing virulence factors such as potent protein toxins, and the expression of a cell-surface
Staphylococcus_aureus
Species of bacterium
These vesicles transport virulence factors and virulence proteins. The outer membrane vesicles not only enhance their virulence, but also improves their
Legionella_pneumophila
Species of bacterium
immunocompromised. The ability to form biofilms on plastic devices is a major virulence factor for S. epidermidis. One probable cause is surface proteins that bind
Staphylococcus_epidermidis
Species of bacterium
Actinomyces species, in particular A. israelii). It possesses certain virulence factors that enable it to invade tissues, such as the pore-forming toxin leukotoxin
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter_actinomycetemcomitans
causing listeriosis. The toxin may be considered a virulence factor, since it is crucial for the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Listeriolysin O is a non-enzymatic
Listeriolysin_O
Genus of bacteria
wall. Majority of strains possess the cord factor (trehalose 6-6' dimycolate), an important virulence factor. They are catalase positive and can grow easily
Nocardia
Species of bacterium
response. Since this pathway gives secretion selectivity, it is a virulence factor. In contrast to the ysc and yop genes listed above, the Yops that act
Yersinia_pseudotuberculosis
Species of bacterium
bacteria to act as a hemolysin, whereas in Francisella, its role as a virulence factor is under vigorous debate. F. tularensis contains type VI secretion
Francisella_tularensis
Species of bacterium
One of the first foreign DNA segments detected this way encoded for virulence. The B. gladioli genome consists of 6 major holders of genetic information:
Burkholderia_gladioli
Species of bacterium
infections (UTIs), meningitis, and other infections in humans. Several virulence factors are thought to contribute to E. faecalis infections. A plasmid-encoded
Enterococcus_faecalis
Species of tropical soil-dwelling bacterium
required for cell-cell spread and virulence in mammalian hosts. The bacterium also expresses a toxin called lethal factor 1. B. pseudomallei is one of the
Burkholderia_pseudomallei
Species of bacterium
cells. This avoidance of immune responses is known as a virulence factor. The virulence factor that M. penetrans displays is antigenic variation, the ability
Malacoplasma_penetrans
Species of bacterium
species' pathogenicity. P. aeruginosa uses the virulence factor exotoxin A to inactivate eukaryotic elongation factor 2 via ADP-ribosylation in the host cell
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Species of bacterium causing pertussis or whooping cough
worldwide due to declining immunity and pathogen adaptation. Its virulence factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin
Bordetella_pertussis
Species of bacterium
functional categories into which C. perfringens' virulence factors may be divided. These virulence factor-encoding genes can be found on chromosomes and
Clostridium_perfringens
Medical condition
colonization fitness and virulence (lung infectivity) Extracellular vesicles (pEVs)—secretory vesicles that carry virulence factors, such as serine-threonine
Pneumococcal_infection
Protein
Clumping factor A is a major virulence factor and protein produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It plays a role in several types of infections
Clumping_factor_A
Species of bacterium
capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 100 different serotypes are known , and these types differ in virulence, prevalence, and
Streptococcus_pneumoniae
Species of bacterium that can cause meningitis
pili and the surface-exposed proteins Opa and Opc and has several virulence factors. Meningococcus can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal
Neisseria_meningitidis
Strains of E. coli that can cause disease
flora E. coli, the pathogenic varieties produce toxins and other virulence factors that enable them to reside in parts of the body normally not inhabited
Pathogenic_Escherichia_coli
Toxin produced by bacteria
is a virulence factor produced by some members of the genus Bordetella. Together with the pertussis toxin it is the most important virulence factor of the
Adenylate_cyclase_toxin
Biological database
VFDB also known as Virulence Factor Database is a database that provides scientist quick access to virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. It can be
VFDB
Species of bacterium
produces an emetic toxin, enterotoxins, and other virulence factors. The enterotoxins and virulence factors are encoded on the chromosome, while the emetic
Bacillus_anthracis
Diffusible signal factor (DSF) is found in several gram-negative bacteria and play a role in the formation of biofilms, motility, virulence, and antibiotic
Diffusible_signal_factor
Species of bacterium
other virulent bacteria, GBS harbors an important number of virulence factors (virulence factors are molecules produced by bacteria that enhance their capacity
Streptococcus_agalactiae
Species of bacterium
cell membrane. Campylobacteriosis seems to be dependent on several virulence factors involving adhesion, invasion and bacterial motility adherence. Campylobacter
Campylobacter_coli
Species of fungus
synthesizes melanin both in vitro and in vivo Melanin production is a virulence factor found in many fungi that cause disease and its production in S. schenckii
Sporothrix_schenckii
Species of bacterium
endoflagellar proteins including flgA. The loa22 gene has been classified as a virulence factor. LipL32 is the most abundant protein in L. interrogans. Although LipL32
Leptospira_interrogans
Chemical compound
rhamnolipids specifically are a key virulence determinant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A variety of virulence factors were analysed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Rhamnolipid
Species of bacterium
Stemmet M (July 2014). "Anaerobes and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: virulence factors contributing to vaginal colonisation". International Journal of Environmental
Porphyromonas_gingivalis
Species of bacteria
because of poor environmental factors and the bacteria's own virulence factors. H. somni has numerous virulence factors including surface proteins, binding
Histophilus_somni
Glycolipid found in mycobacterial cell walls
Lipoarabinomannan, also called LAM, is a glycolipid, and a virulence factor associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis
Lipoarabinomannan
Species of bacterium
Bacillus, can produce protective endospores. They have a wide range of virulence factors, including phospholipase C, cereulide, sphingomyelinase, metalloproteases
Bacillus_cereus
Family of amphibians
depends on its species and prey abundance in its location, amongst other factors. Both male and female Dendrobatidae are territorial and display aggressive
Poison_dart_frog
Species of bacterium
Borrelia miyamotoi is a bacterium of the spirochete phylum in the genus Borrelia. A zoonotic organism, B. miyamotoi can infect humans through the bite
Borrelia_miyamotoi
Species of bacterium
production does not occur until early stationary phase. CP is considered a virulence factor because it provides resistance against complement-mediated polymorphonuclear
Staphylococcus_haemolyticus
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti-phagocytic, and
Anthrax_toxin
Protein-coding gene in humans
mediated in part by the interaction of its virulence factor CagA with SHP2. CagA is a protein and virulence factor inserted by Helicobacter pylori into gastric
PTPN11
Cytotoxin forming pores in cell membranes
constitute essential components of the virulence mechanisms of S. aureus. Nearly all strains secrete lethal factors that convert host tissues into nutrients
Panton–Valentine_leukocidin
Protein family
M protein is a virulence factor that is produced by certain species of Streptococcus. The protein plays an important role in adhesion to and colonization
M_protein_(Streptococcus)
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
pathogenesis and virulence factors. Many secreted and exported proteins are known to be important in pathogenesis. For example, one such virulence factor is cord
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
Jiménez N, Peris-Bondia F, Pelaz C, Latorre A, Moya A (January 2008). "Virulence factor rtx in Legionella pneumophila, evidence suggesting it is a modular
Exotoxin
Type of toxic lectin
5'-AGUACGAGAGGA-3', termed the sarcin-ricin loop, is important in binding elongation factors during protein synthesis. The depurination event rapidly and completely
Ricin
Chemical compound
siderophores produced by certain pseudomonads. Pyoverdines are important virulence factors, and are required for pathogenesis in many biological models of infection
Pyoverdine
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
Pla, that activates plasmin in human hosts and is a very important virulence factor for pneumonic plague. Together, these plasmids and a pathogenicity
Yersinia_pestis
Species of pathogenic bacterium
the numbers have dropped by 70% due to E. rhusiopathiae. Various virulence factors have been suggested as being involved in the pathogenicity of E. rhusiopathiae
Erysipelothrix_rhusiopathiae
Species of bacterium
shares greater than 98% DNA homology, as well as many of the same virulence factors. Streptococcus zooepidemicus are gram-positive, non-sporulating, non-motile
Streptococcus_zooepidemicus
Species of bacterium
avirulent strains is based on the production of an exfoliative toxin (virulence factor), which produces the clinical presentation of exudative epidermitis
Staphylococcus_hyicus
Exotoxin
Bacterial virulence properties altered by bacteriophages from Wagner PL, Waldor MK (August 2002). "Bacteriophage control of bacterial virulence". Infection
Diphtheria_toxin
Proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria
immunoglobulin diversity). As the primary antigenic determinants, virulence factors and impunity factors on the cell surface of a number of species of gram-negative
Pilus
Naturally occurring organic poison
or animal biotoxins. Toxins produced by microorganisms are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of
Toxin
Species of bacterium
(ed.). "The Probiotic Bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens Downregulates Virulence Factor Transcription in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus by N
Vibrio_coralliilyticus
Toxin produced by a fungus
human urinary tract, although research in humans is limited by confounding factors. Citrinin is a toxin that was first isolated from Penicillium citrinum
Mycotoxin
Chemical compound
cord factor is added back to those cells, M. tuberculosis survives at a rate similar to that of its original state. Cord factor increases the virulence of
Cord_factor
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
effects. Investigations into anatoxin-a, also known as "Very Fast Death Factor", began in 1961 following the deaths of cows that drank from a lake containing
Neurotoxin
Genus of bacteria
they form virulence factors and as such regulate the switch from their normal growth in the intestine into virulence. The switch to virulence gives access
Salmonella
Group of proteins
known; however, it is a critical virulence factor for Streptococcus pyogenes infections. SLS brings about its virulence by damaging soft tissue and it can
Streptolysin
Species of prokaryote
diphtheria does not affect many model hosts such as mice. One common virulence factor that has been studied in vitro is DIP0733, a multi-functional protein
Corynebacterium_diphtheriae
Chemical compound
toll-like receptor), NF-KB (NF = nuclear factor), ERK, and DFF45. Cantharidin promotes TNF-α (TNF = tumor necrosis factor), FASL, ROS, caspase-4, caspase-6,
Cantharidin
system discovered was the ESX-1 System. T7SS has been studied as a virulence factor associated with the ESX-1 system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These
Type_VII_secretion_system
Protein domain
the immunoglobulin-binding domain found in the Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor protein A (SpA). Hence, it is abbreviated to SpAB. SpAB enables theStaphylococcus
SpAB_protein_domain
Class of chemical compounds
It may be ingested or injected. Symptoms may vary depending on certain factors such as the size and age of the victim. Other than the first, more benign
Bufotoxin
fibroblasts, and epithelioid cells. Internalins are mainly surface-exposed virulence factors present in a number of Gram-positive bacteria whose role ranges from
Internalin
Species of bacterium
increased cell destruction, and blunted microvilli. In general, the virulence factors within the genus Brachyspira are thought to be involved primarily
Brachyspira_pilosicoli
Subspecies of rod-shaped bacterium
between isolates. P. damselae subsp. damselae's virulence in mammals and fish is determined by a large virulence plasmid called pPHDD1, which encodes two toxins
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
Photobacterium_damselae_subsp._damselae
Study of how viruses cause diseases
replicate due to specific virulence factors. There are several factors that affect pathogenesis. Some of these factors include virulence characteristics of the
Viral_pathogenesis
which concerns the innate sensing of stereotypical consequences of a virulence factor or pathogen. This is in contrast to the classical understanding of
Guard_theory
Strain of the anthrax bacterium
encodes three toxin proteins: edema factor (EF), lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA). Variation in virulence can be explained by the presence
Ames_strain
Species of bacteria
low- and high-viscosity media alike, which is related to its high virulence factor. B. burgdorferi is a slow-growing microaerophilic spirochete with a
Borrelia_burgdorferi
Group of proteins
Invasins are a class of bacterial proteins associated with the penetration of pathogens into host cells. Invasins play a role in promoting entry during
Invasin
Species of endospore forming bacterium
identification. Sporulation and germination in Clostridium botulinum is a major virulence factor, allowing the bacteria to be prevalent in a wide variety of environments
Clostridium_botulinum
Genus of bacteria
processes to the benefit of the pathogens. The first phytoplasmal virulence factor, a secreted protein termed "tengu-su inducer" (TENGU; C0H5W6), was
Phytoplasma
Academic journal
journal has a 2022 impact factor of 5.2. Riedmann, EM; Mylonakis, E (2010). "Virulence: A new multi-disciplinary journal". Virulence. 1 (1): 1. doi:10.4161/viru
Virulence_(journal)
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which may also contain other virulence factors and proteins. LPS is a major component of the outer cell membrane
Lipopolysaccharide
Species of bacterium
the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) and is notable due to its virulence factors and inherent antibiotic resistance that render it a prominent opportunistic
Burkholderia_cenocepacia
Protein family
Ail/Lom-like proteins. The Yersinia enterocolitica Ail protein is a known virulence factor. Proteins in this family are predicted to consist of eight transmembrane
Virulence-related outer membrane protein family
Virulence-related_outer_membrane_protein_family
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
Cry1Ac Cry3Bb1 Other B. thuringiensis toxins Cry6Aa Cry34Ab1 Virulence factor Clumping factor A Fibronectin binding protein A Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin
Fish
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population
evolved virulence factors pose a threat to patients in hospitals, who are immunocompromised from illness or antibiotic treatment. Virulence factors are the
Evolutionary_pressure
Unorganized layer of extracellular material surrounding bacteria cells
host immune system. This type of biofilm formation increases their virulence factor as they are more likely to survive within a host's body, although this
Slime_layer
Pharmaceutical drug
(Sak) found in Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylokinase is considered a virulence factor, although its presence after the establishment of infection actually
Streptokinase
Enterotoxin produced by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
infection of the host organism. It is a virulence factor designed to induce pathogenesis. One of the major virulence exotoxins is the toxic shock syndrome
Enterotoxin_type_B
Species of virus
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) is a nanovirus disease of legumes. Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, Azerbaijan
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus
Faba_bean_necrotic_yellows_virus
Species of fungus
deaths annually with a mortality rate between 25 and 90%. Several virulence factors have been postulated to explain this opportunistic behaviour. When
Aspergillus_fumigatus
Chemical compound
platelets. Because of this, granadaene is considered an important virulence factor for GBS. Nevertheless, 1–5% of GBS strains are non-hemolytic and do
Granadaene
Molecule destroying the membrane of red blood cells
others.[citation needed] As mentioned before, hemolysin is a potential virulence factor produced by microorganisms, which can put a human's health at risk
Hemolysin
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
stress sensing to activation of the PrfA-controlled virulence program. SigB, an alternative sigma factor, up-regulates Vir genes in the intestines, whereas
Listeria_monocytogenes
Species of bacterium
pseudotuberculosis in the distal limbs of horses. This bacterium uses the virulence factors phospholipase D and mycolic acid to damage eukaryotic cell walls and
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium_pseudotuberculosis
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
Biblical
violence, force
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English buyscel, busshell, bysshell ‘bushel’, ‘measure of grain’ (Old French boissel, buissel, of Gaulish origin), hence a metonymic occupational name for a grain merchant or factor, one who measured grain. The name may also have been applied to a maker of vessels designed to hold or measure out a bushel.English : from a diminutive of Biss.Respelling of German Biesel, a habitational name from Bisel in Alsace.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Violence; Passion; Anger
Surname or Lastname
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian (Dániel), Romanian, and Jewish
English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian (Dániel), Romanian, and Jewish : from the Hebrew personal name Daniel ‘God is my judge’, borne by a major prophet in the Bible. The major factor influencing the popularity of the personal name (and hence the frequency of the surname) was undoubtedly the dramatic story in the Book of Daniel, recounting the prophet’s steadfast adherence to his religious faith in spite of pressure and persecution from the Mesopotamian kings in whose court he served: Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar (at whose feast Daniel interpreted the mysterious message of doom that appeared on the wall, being thrown to the lions for his pains). The name was also borne by a 2nd-century Christian martyr and by a 9th-century hermit, the legend of whose life was popular among Christians during the Middle Ages; these had a minor additional influence on the adoption of the Christian name. Among Orthodox Christians in Eastern Europe the name was also popular as being that of a 4th-century Persian martyr, who was venerated in the Orthodox Church.Irish : reduced form of McDaniel, which is actually a variant of McDonnell, from the Gaelic form of Irish Donal (equivalent to Scottish Donald), erroneously associated with the Biblical personal name Daniel. See also O’Donnell.Peter Daniel was one of the pioneer settlers in the 17th century in Stafford County, VA, where he was a justice of the peace. His grandson, Peter Vivian Daniel, was a U.S. Supreme Court justice from 1841 to his death in Richmond, VA, in 1860.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Non Violence Movement; Catch; Fasting
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian myth name of the goddess of dance, fire, lightning, violence, and volcanoes, PELE means "lava." She is said to sometimes appear to people, resembling either a beautiful young woman or a frail old woman. Signs of her presence are fine golden strands of volcanic glass said to be her hair, or droplets of lava said to be her tears.
Male
Egyptian
, horns of violence (?).
Girl/Female
Biblical
Violence.
Boy/Male
African, French, Greek, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Tamil, Telugu
One who Controls; Non-violence; Destroyer
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly East Anglia)
English (mainly East Anglia) : metonymic occupational name for someone who dealt in weights and measures, for example a grain factor, from Middle English pekke ‘peck’ (an old measure of dry goods equivalent to eight quarts or a quarter of a bushel).English : variant of Peak 1.Irish : variant of Peak 2.South German : variant of Beck.North German and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who prepared or sold pitch, from Middle Low German pek, Middle Dutch pec, pic.Dutch : from Middle Dutch pec, pick ‘desperate straits’, hence a nickname for a person in difficult circumstances or perhaps for someone with a gloomy disposition.
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intelligent, Bright
Boy/Male
African Egyptian
Ghanian name given to the first-born twin.
Girl/Female
Indian
Girl/Female
German, Norse, Swedish
Battle Armour; Armor-wearing Fighting Maid; Ready for Battle
Girl/Female
German
Noble; Kind
Boy/Male
German
Frenchman
Boy/Male
Muslim
Relevant, Pertinent, Correct, Right
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Worthy of Salutation; Worshipping
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
A Place Near of Agra
Girl/Female
Spanish
Beautiful. : Devoted to God. A Spanish.
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
VIRULENCE FACTOR
a.
Malignant; virulent; spiteful.
n.
Alt. of Virulency
n.
Malignity; spitefulness; virulency.
n.
Extreme bitterness or malignity of disposition.
n.
Rigor; violence.
a.
Extremely poisonous or venomous; very active in doing injury.
n.
Virulence; deadly quality.
a.
Made virulent; poisoned.
n.
The quality or state of being virulent or venomous; poisonousness; malignancy.
n.
Violence; force; fury.
n.
Violence; force; power.
v. t.
To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence; to compel.
n.
Desperation; virulence.
n.
Ravishment; rape; constupration.
a.
Broken with violence.
n.
Force; violence.
n.
The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action, whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force.
a.
Very bitter in enmity; actuated by a desire to injure; malignant; as, a virulent invective.
a.
Conveying putrid poison; as, the virulence of septiferous matter.
n.
Injury done to that which is entitled to respect, reverence, or observance; profanation; infringement; unjust force; outrage; assault.