AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for HEXOKINASE
Search references for HEXOKINASE. Phrases containing HEXOKINASE
See searches and references containing HEXOKINASE!
Search references for HEXOKINASE. Phrases containing HEXOKINASE
See searches and references containing HEXOKINASE!HEXOKINASE
Class of enzymes
A hexokinase is an enzyme that irreversibly phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate. In most organisms, glucose is the most
Hexokinase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Hexokinase I, also known as hexokinase A and HK1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HK1 gene on chromosome 10. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose
Hexokinase_I
Mammalian protein found in humans
Hexokinase II, also known as Hexokinase B and HK2, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HK2 gene on chromosome 2. Hexokinases phosphorylate
Hexokinase_II
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Hexokinase III, also known as hexokinase C, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the Hk3 gene on chromosome 5. Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose
Hexokinase_III
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
impervious to G6P, hexokinase essentially acts to transport glucose into the cells from which it can then no longer escape. Hexokinase is inhibited by high
Glycolysis
Enzyme participating to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
hypoglycemia. Glucokinase (GK) is a hexokinase isozyme, related homologously to at least three other hexokinases. All of the hexokinases can mediate phosphorylation
Glucokinase
Model of enzyme kinetics
isoenzymes of hexokinase are half-saturated by glucose at concentrations ranging from about 0.02 mM for hexokinase A (brain hexokinase) to about 50 mM
Michaelis–Menten_kinetics
Medical condition
Hexokinase deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition that falls under the category of erythroenzymopathies, or defects in red cell
Hexokinase_deficiency
Concentration of glucose present in the blood (Glycaemia)
of error. The two most common employed enzymes are glucose oxidase and hexokinase. Average blood glucose concentrations can also be measured. This method
Blood_sugar_level
Transport protein
cells, glucose is rapidly phosphorylated by glucokinase in the liver and hexokinase in other tissues to form glucose-6-phosphate, which then enters glycolysis
GLUT4
Spanish researcher in biochemistry (1917–1989)
Spanish researcher specializing in biochemistry, working especially on hexokinases. He effectively created biochemistry as a major discipline in Spain.
Alberto_Sols
Molecules which increase enzyme activity
increases the rate of glycolysis in response to the hormone glucagon. Hexokinase-I (HK-I) is an enzyme activator because it draws glucose into the glycolysis
Enzyme_activator
Chemical compound
PMID 20381449. Mathupala, Saroj P.; Ko, Young H.; Pedersen, Peter L. (2009). "Hexokinase-2 bound to mitochondria: Cancer's stygian link to the "Warburg effect"
Bromopyruvic_acid
Laboratory method for measuring enzymatic activity
reaction. For example, figure 1 shows the coupled assay for the enzyme hexokinase, which can be assayed by coupling its production of glucose-6-phosphate
Enzyme_assay
French scientist (born 1944)
biochemist of Chilean origin. She is known for studies of mammalian hexokinases and for developing understanding of the nature of life. María Luz Cárdenas
María_Luz_Cárdenas
Naturally produced monosaccharide
GLUT proteins. In the other cell types, phosphorylation occurs through a hexokinase, whereupon glucose can no longer diffuse out of the cell. The glucose
Glucose
Class of enzymes
enzymes which specialize in glucose uptake in cells such as GLUT4 and hexokinase II are thought to be mediated in part by AMPK when it is activated. Additionally
AMP-activated_protein_kinase
Non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion
Cytochrome (via Heme) Nitrogenase Hydrogenase Magnesium Glucose 6-phosphatase Hexokinase DNA polymerase Manganese Arginase Molybdenum Nitrate reductase Nitrogenase
Cofactor_(biochemistry)
Family of birds
extremely high capacities for oxidizing carbohydrates and fatty acids via hexokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase, and citrate synthase enzymes at rates
Hummingbird
Peptide hormone
(G-6-P) by glucokinase (hexokinase IV) which is not inhibited by G-6-P in the way that the hexokinases in other tissues (hexokinase I – III) are affected
Insulin
Chemical compound
phosphorylation of glucose on the sixth carbon. This is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase in most cells, and, in higher animals, glucokinase in certain cells, most
Glucose_6-phosphate
Form of metabolism in tumors
anaerobic glycolytic rates to an overexpressed form of mitochondrially-bound hexokinase responsible for driving the high glycolytic activity. In kidney cancer
Warburg_effect_(oncology)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HKDC1 gene on chromosome 10. It is a recently discovered hexokinase
HKDC1
Chemical compound
non-competitive inhibitor of both hexokinase and the related liver isozyme glucokinase. By blocking the enzyme hexokinase, it prevents glucose phosphorylation
Mannoheptulose
L-isomer of glucose
organisms as a source of energy because it cannot be phosphorylated by hexokinase, the first enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. One of the known exceptions
L-Glucose
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
enzyme is fully specified by four numerical designations. For example, hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) is a transferase (EC 2) that adds a phosphate group (EC 2
Enzyme
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
regulated allosterically by a number of metabolic compounds. For example, hexokinase is directly inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate, and pyruvate
Adenosine_triphosphate
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) also known as glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator (GCKR) is a protein produced in hepatocytes (liver cells)
Glucokinase regulatory protein
Glucokinase_regulatory_protein
Medical imaging technique
analog that is taken up by glucose-using cells and phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial form is significantly elevated in rapidly growing
Positron_emission_tomography
Molecule-specific coordinate bonding area in biological systems
the transferase hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to make glucose-6-phosphate. Active site residues of hexokinase allow for stabilization
Binding_site
Situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen
for glycolysis to proceed, the hexokinase reaction activates glucose for subsequent steps. In hypoxic tumors, hexokinase mRNA abundance is significantly
Tumor_hypoxia
Chemical compound
This is most likely through the inhibition of the mitochondrially bound hexokinase. Later studies in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells showed that lonidamine inhibits
Lonidamine
Enzyme catalyzing transfer of phosphate groups onto specific substrates
forth across the membrane very easily. Mutations in the hexokinase gene can lead to a hexokinase deficiency which can cause nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia
Kinase
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
phosphorylation from the enzyme hexokinase. However, if large amounts of glucose are present (as in diabetes mellitus), hexokinase becomes saturated and the
Polyol_pathway
Chemical process of introducing a phosphate
condition) Glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. This
Phosphorylation
Chilean scientist (born 1935)
Ureta Aravena (1935–2012) was a Chilean biochemist, known for studies of hexokinases in many organisms. Tito Ureta was born on 10 October 1935 in Iquique
Tito_Ureta
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
The enzyme hexokinase is shown as a conventional ball-and-stick molecular model. To scale in the top right-hand corner are two of its substrates, ATP and
Protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TIGAR acts as a direct regulator of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels and hexokinase 2 activity, and this can lead indirectly to many changes within the cell
TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
TP53-inducible_glycolysis_and_apoptosis_regulator
Catalysis of chemical reactions by enzymes
induced fit upon substrate binding to form enzyme-substrate complex. Hexokinase has a large induced fit motion that closes over the substrates adenosine
Enzyme_catalysis
Chemical compound
brain. [18F]FDG is taken up by cells, and subsequently phosphorylated by hexokinase (whose mitochondrial form is greatly elevated in rapidly growing malignant
Fluorodeoxyglucose_(18F)
Biosynthesis of glucose molecules
steps prior, this step is not a simple reversal of glycolysis, in which hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of glucose and ATP into G6P and ADP. Glucose
Gluconeogenesis
D-fructose (D-mannose) kinase. Bueding, Ernest; MacKinnon, Joan A. (1955). "Hexokinases of Schistosoma mansoni". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 215 (2): 495–506
Mannokinase
Enzyme inhibition
non-competitive inhibition is given by glucose-6-phosphate inhibiting hexokinase in the brain. Carbons 2 and 4 on glucose-6-phosphate contain hydroxyl
Non-competitive_inhibition
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
synthase, and granulin precursor with the N-terminal half of type III hexokinase". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 382 (2): 262–74. doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2019
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase
Hematopoietic_prostaglandin_D_synthase
Metabolism of fructose
by GLUT5. Fructose in muscles and adipose tissue is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Although the metabolism of fructose and glucose share many of the same
Fructolysis
American biochemist (1919–2010)
1953, pp. 235–243. Robert K. Crane and Alberto Sols. "The association of hexokinase with particulate fractions of brain and other tissue homogenates".[dead
Robert_K._Crane
Physiological molecule and therapeutic drug
HA. HA precursors are synthesized by first phosphorylating glucose by hexokinase, yielding glucose-6-phosphate, which is the main HA precursor. Then, two
Hyaluronic_acid
Peruvian molecular biologist (born 1950)
biochemistry and cell biology was to demonstrate that the mitochondrial hexokinase is the enzyme responsible for driving the high rates of glycolysis that
Ernesto_Bustamante
Defensive mechanism of cells against glycation
followed by an increase in glucose 6-phosphate, which eventually inhibits hexokinase. Hemodynamic stress overrides fatty acid inhibition of glucose metabolism
Randle_cycle
Chemical compound
polysaccharides and glycoproteins yields mannose, which is phosphorylated by hexokinase to generate mannose-6-phosphate. Mannose-6-phosphate is converted to
Mannose
Diabetes-induced damage to the retina of the eye
macular edema manifestation is difficult to predict. Autoantibodies against hexokinase 1 are commonly associated with diabetic macular edema manifestation. Nearly
Diabetic_retinopathy
Series of biochemical reactions
glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, increasing hexokinase expression and phosphorylating GSK3 which stimulates glycogen synthesis
Akt/PKB_signaling_pathway
Medical condition
fructose-6-phosphate by alternate pathways in the body, most commonly by hexokinase in adipose tissue and muscle. Essential fructosuria is a genetic condition
Essential_fructosuria
Metabolism of tumor cells
glucose transporters and by phosphorylating key glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase 2. This leads to inhibition of forkhead box subfamily
Tumor_metabolome
Chemical element with atomic number 9 (F)
Aerobic Glycolysis of Rat Hepatoma Cells in Culture: Role of Mitochondrial Hexokinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 74 (9): 3735–3739.
Fluorine
British biochemist
procedure for estimating enzyme parameters, and has performed work on hexokinase evolution and kinetics, and the control and regulation of metabolism.
Athel_Cornish-Bowden
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
glycolysis, a cellular pathway for breaking down glucose to produce energy. Hexokinase is an enzyme responsible for the first step of glycolysis, forming glucose-6-phosphate
Cell_nucleus
German-American scientist (1931–2022)
Pennsylvania The liver and pancreatic hexokinase D is no more specific for glucose than the other mammalian hexokinase isoenzymes, and strictly the name glucokinase
Franz_M._Matschinsky
InterPro Family
evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases. Protein Sci
1-phosphofructokinase
Reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen
causing defects in membrane lipids. Enzyme deficiencies Pyruvate kinase and hexokinase deficiencies, causing defect glycolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Anemia
Ability of biomolecules to bind specific ligands
isozyme of Hexokinase. Its absolute specificity refers to glucose being the only hexose that is able to be its substrate, as opposed to hexokinase, which
Chemical_specificity
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
metabolic permeation, VDAC1 also acts as a scaffold for proteins such as hexokinase that can in turn regulate metabolism. This protein is a voltage-dependent
VDAC1
Felice FG (December 2010). "Amyloid-β triggers the release of neuronal hexokinase 1 from mitochondria". PLOS ONE. 5 (12) e15230. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...515230S
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
Biochemistry_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Species of bacterium
transported from the host. A critical enzyme involved in glycolysis, hexokinase, is absent in C. trachomatis, preventing the production of glucose-6-phosphate
Chlamydia_trachomatis
American biochemist
Microbiology from 1959 until 1985. He was particularly known for his work on hexokinase and the regulation of hexose transport in cultured animal cells. He also
Sidney_Colowick
(born 1944). Chilean-French enzymologist known for work on mammalian hexokinases. Heinrich Caro (1834–1910), German chemist who developed a synthesis
List_of_chemists
Now EC 2.3.1.234, N6-L-threonylcarbamoyladenine synthase. EC 2.7.1.1: hexokinase EC 2.7.1.2: glucokinase EC 2.7.1.3: ketohexokinase EC 2.7.1.4: fructokinase
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
Enzyme
glucose to fructose (glycolysis) involves phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to form glucose 6-phosphate, followed by isomerization to fructose 6-phosphate
Aldose_reductase
American biochemist
Sloan Foundation Minority Ph.D. Program Clemons TA, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Hexokinase: A Glycolytic Enzyme with an Inflammatory Ischemia and Reperfusion Connection
Tameka_A._Clemons
Topics referred to by the same term
0.7355 kW) Hefnerkerze, an old photometric unit of luminous intensity Hexokinase, an enzyme Sobolev space Hk, in mathematics Kyūkyoku!! Hentai Kamen, simplified
HK_(disambiguation)
Biological process
glucose enters a cell it is rapidly changed to glucose 6-phosphate, by hexokinase or glucokinase. The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver
Glucose_cycle
Topics referred to by the same term
Keller International, a US-based nonprofit organization Hong Kong Island Hexokinase I, an enzyme Helsinki, the capital of Finland Kirchweyhe railway station
HKI
Polymerisation of glucose molecules into glycogen
is converted into glucose 6-phosphate by the action of glucokinase or hexokinase with conversion of ATP to ADP. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted into glucose-1-phosphate
Glycogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen
The glucose is subsequently phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate by hexokinase. Glycogen phosphorylase with Pyridoxal phosphate as prosthetic group Alpha-1
Glycogenolysis
Russian-American biochemist
crystallization projects and was noted for the facility with which he crystallized hexokinase. Kunitz was widely recognized specifically for his craftsmanship and technical
Moses_Kunitz
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
step in ED is phosphorylation of glucose by a family of enzymes called hexokinases to form glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). This reaction consumes ATP, but it
Entner–Doudoroff_pathway
Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction
natural selection. An example of an isozyme is glucokinase, a variant of hexokinase which is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate. Its different regulatory
Isozyme
Class of enzymes
regulated at three of its catalytic steps: the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase, and
Pyruvate_kinase
of Chilean origin at the CNRS, Marseille, known for work on mammalian hexokinases. H. E. Carter (1910–2007). American biochemist, at the University of
List_of_biochemists
Class of enzymes
ketohexokinase deficiency. Hepatic fructokinase PFKL PFKM PFKP Glucokinase Hexokinase DBGET ENZYME: 2.7.1.4 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
Fructokinase
Illness from ingesting arsenic
can form Glc-6-arsenate in vitro; therefore, it has been argued that hexokinase could be inhibited. (Eventually this may be a mechanism leading to muscle
Arsenic_poisoning
Lack of phosphate in the blood
syndrome – This causes a demand for phosphate in cells due to the action of hexokinase, an enzyme that attaches phosphate to glucose to begin metabolism of glucose
Hypophosphatemia
Chemical compound
induced conformational change similar to another metabolic enzyme called hexokinase. Because two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are formed during
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric_acid
Enzyme in glycolysis
evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases". Protein Science
Phosphofructokinase
Metabolic enzyme
6-phosphate (which is easily generated from glucose by the action of hexokinase) to glucose 1-phosphate. This glucose-1-phosphate can then react with
Phosphoglucomutase
Cellular stress response
production of ATP and lactate in the cell by non-competitive inhibition of hexokinases, inhibiting cell growth and inducing ER stress. dithiothreitol reduces
Unfolded_protein_response
March 2011. Rijksen, G; Staal, G E. (August 1978). "Human erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency. Characterization of a mutant enzyme with abnormal regulatory
List of hematologic conditions
List_of_hematologic_conditions
Biochemist from Sweden
proposed by other authors, in relation for example to wheat-germ hexokinase and hexokinase from rat liver. Pettersson developed mathematical models of multi-enzyme
Gösta_Pettersson_(biochemist)
Enzyme mechanisms showing memory effects
the case of wheat-germ hexokinase, the enzyme for which the model was proposed, and positive cooperativity for liver hexokinase D. However, the mnemonical
Enzyme_memory
aerobic glycolysis of rat hepatoma cells in culture: Role of mitochondrial hexokinase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Fluorine_in_biology
American neurologist and scientist (born 1950)
mechanism which transports glucose, where it is then phosphorylated by hexokinase into 14C-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate(DG-6-P). The accumulation of DG-6-P
William_J._Schwartz
Enzyme
evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases". Protein Science
Adenosine_kinase
Enzyme
PMID 9373149. Lowes W, Walker M, Alberti KG, Agius L (Jan 1998). "Hexokinase isoenzymes in normal and cirrhotic human liver: suppression of glucokinase
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine_kinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
upregulating the enzymatic machinery required for this (for example, hexokinase-2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), while
FOXK1
aminodeoxyglucose kinase. Bueding, Ernest; MacKinnon, Joan A. (1955). "Hexokinases of Schistosoma mansoni". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 215 (2): 495–506
Glucosamine_kinase
Group of simple sugar and carbohydrate compounds
evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: The hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases". Protein Science
Ribose
Class of chemical compounds
cellular context. All known enzymatic phosphorylations of fructose (i.e., hexokinase, fructokinase, or phosphofructokinase-1) are ATP-dependent. All of these
Fructosephosphates
glutathione synthetase deficiency; 231900; GSS Hemolytic anemia due to hexokinase deficiency; 235700; HK1 Hemolytic anemia, nonspherocytic, due to glucose
List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes
Biological molecular machines
Aldolase Hexokinase Phosphoglucose isomerase Phosphofructokinase Glucose oxidase A recent study has also shown that certain enzymes, such as Hexokinase and
Molecular_motor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 468082. Marshall MJ, Neal FE, Goldberg DM (September 1979). "Isoenzymes of hexokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and lactate dehydrogenase
Phosphoglucomutase_3
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish English
Bald.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Friend of the Earth; A Ruler
Girl/Female
Muslim
High, Sublime, Exquisite
Girl/Female
Muslim
Bossy
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Related to Lord Murugan
Boy/Male
Hindu
Radiant, Brilliant, Sunnuy
Girl/Female
Hindu
Full of Honey, Sweet person
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
The protected one
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Wise; Learned
Boy/Male
Indian
Gift of God
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE
HEXOKINASE