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Institutional dichotomy, according to John Wolfenden (responsible for the Wolfenden Report), in his essay The Gap — The Bridge, states that the dichotomization
Institutional_dichotomy
American economist and sociologist (1857–1929)
study of institutional economics viewed economic institutions as the broader process of cultural development. While economic institutionalism never transformed
Thorstein_Veblen
Intersection of work and personal life
recognized. Supplemental and reactive compensation theories are two dichotomies of compensation theory which were developed during the late 1980s and
Work–life_balance
Lack of respect for things that are held to be sacred
this would be Lucian's Dialogues of the Gods satire. The sacred–profane dichotomy is a concept posited by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim in 1912
Profane_(religion)
Economics that focuses on institutions
Texas school of institutional economics. Ayres developed on the ideas of Thorstein Veblen with a dichotomy of "technology" and "institutions" to separate
Institutional_economics
Theory in public administration
The politics-administration dichotomy is a theory that constructs the boundaries of public administration and asserts the normative relationship between
Politics-administration dichotomy
Politics-administration_dichotomy
Prejudice against, or hatred of, women
Madonna–whore dichotomy or virgin/whore dichotomy is the perception of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous. Belief in this dichotomy leads
Misogyny
Philosophical problem articulated by David Hume
Foot 1959, p. 97. Putnam, Hilary (2002). The Collapse of the Fact-Value Dichotomy and Other Essays. Harvard University Press. pp. 21-22. ISBN 978-0-674-00905-9
Is–ought_problem
Gendered separation of public and private spheres
Terms such as separate spheres and domestic–public dichotomy refer to a social phenomenon within modern societies that feature, to some degree, an empirical
Separate_spheres
British educationalist (1906–1985)
essay The Gap—The Bridge, Wolfenden discusses the problems with institutional dichotomy. His memoirs were published by The Bodley Head in 1976, under the
John Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden
John_Wolfenden,_Baron_Wolfenden
American economist (1891–1972)
an analytical dichotomy between the "instrumental" and the "ceremonial" aspects of culture. Ayres substituted the term "institutional" for the term "ceremonial"
Clarence_Edwin_Ayres
Two dissimilar translation approaches
Dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence, in translating, is the dichotomy between transparency and fidelity – respectively, between the meaning and
Dynamic and formal equivalence
Dynamic_and_formal_equivalence
System of classifying political positions
context, academic Chenyang Song writes that the left-wing/right-wing dichotomy is not an essential criterion for differentiating Chinese ideological
Left–right_political_spectrum
Concept in ethics, religion, and philosophy
In religion, ethics, and philosophy, "good and evil" is a very common dichotomy. In cultures with Manichaean and Abrahamic religious influence, evil is
Good
U.S. Director of Central Intelligence (1966–1973)
projects. According to historian Anne Karalekas, "At no time was the institutional dichotomy between the operational and analytic components more stark." In
Richard_Helms
Figure of speech
argued that the fundamental dichotomy in trope was between metaphor and metonymy, Burke argues that the fundamental dichotomy is between irony and synecdoche
Metonymy
Terms referring to pet preferences
their affinity for either cats or dogs. This builds on the perceived dichotomy between cats and dogs as pets in society. In some cases, the two terms
Cat_people_and_dog_people
Network of interacting scientists
particular scientific fields, and within particular institutions; interdisciplinary and cross-institutional activities are also significant. Objectivity is
Scientific_community
Former empire (c. 1299–1922)
being increasingly favoured both in formal and informal situations. This dichotomy was officially ended in 1920–1923, when the newly established Ankara-based
Ottoman_Empire
System of enforceable rules
December 2019. Banakar, Reza (2003). Merging law and sociology : beyond the dichotomies in socio-legal research. Berlin/Wisconsin: Galda and Wilch Publishing
Law
Informal fallacy in comparing actualities with ideals
related concept is the "perfect solution fallacy". By creating a false dichotomy that presents one option which is obviously advantageous—while at the
Nirvana_fallacy
American artist (1960–1988)
held a retrospective of his artwork in 1992. Basquiat's art focused on dichotomies such as wealth versus poverty, integration versus segregation, and inner
Jean-Michel_Basquiat
Directional planes
great accuracy, but they may not greatly affect our daily life. This dichotomy between the apparent simplicity of a concept and an actual complexity
Vertical_and_horizontal
Cosmological dualism in Chinese philosophy
which is repelling, active, expansive and repulsive in principle. This dichotomy in some form is seen in all things in nature and their patterns of change
Yin_and_yang
English author and journalist (1903–1950)
views about the social benefits of religious affiliation mirrored the dichotomies between his public and private lives: Stephen Ingle wrote that it was
George_Orwell
Central theme of Friedrich Nietzsche's works
morality" and "slave morality", which correspond, respectively, to the dichotomies of "good/bad" and "good/evil". In master morality, "good" is a self-designation
Master–slave_morality
Unjust treatment
groups. If oppressive consequences accrue to institutional laws, customs, or practices, the institution is oppressive whether or not the individuals maintaining
Oppression
Danish philosopher and theologian (1813–1855)
objective truths", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and
Søren_Kierkegaard
System of government
maintaining the general dichotomy. Maurice Duverger, trying to explain the French Fifth Republic, found that this dichotomy was not adequate for this
Semi-presidential_system
Korean painting movement
materials like hanji and ink for their work on canvas, rejecting strict dichotomies between tradition and modernity. A few like Yun Hyong-keun worked with
Dansaekhwa
International agreement for ocean protection
Conference of the Parties. The treaty introduces a new institutional framework in part VI about 'Institutional Arrangements', including the Conference of the
High_Seas_Treaty
State of being separate from religion
most versions of secularity do not lead to irreligiosity. The idea of a dichotomy between religion and the secular originated in the European Enlightenment
Secularity
Grouping of oppositional forces in Russian politics
Solidarnost movement wrote that the nonsystem/system dichotomy became outdated; the real dichotomy should be whether a political force is non-conformist
Non-system_opposition
Policy Analysis in 1973, which became the institutional home for research on self-governance and institutional diversity. Vincent Ostrom, influenced by
Bloomington_school
Political party in Palestine
as a "democratic third force" in Palestinian politics and opposes the dichotomy between Fatah (which it views as corrupt and undemocratic) and Hamas (which
Palestinian National Initiative
Palestinian_National_Initiative
Long-standing debate in biology and society
throughout the second half of the 20th century. Today, the idea of a strong dichotomy of nature versus nurture is generally considered to have limited relevance
Nature_versus_nurture
System of ownership, production and exchange
include other topics and models that do not conform to the traditional dichotomy. Today the dominant form of economic organization at the world level is
Economic_system
Fictional Mark Twain character
note. Academic studies include Lisa Cohen Minnick's 2004 Dialect and Dichotomy: Literary Representations of African American Speech and Raphaell Berthele's
Jim_(Huckleberry_Finn)
Worldwide economic crisis
corporate and institutional investors globally. Derivatives such as credit default swaps also increased the linkage between large financial institutions. The de-leveraging
2008_financial_crisis
2020 book by Joseph Henrich
was evolving fast as cities emerged." The reviewer also criticized the dichotomy between Western-style and kinship-intensive societies, noting that one
The WEIRDest People in the World
The_WEIRDest_People_in_the_World
Agreement or treaty between the Holy See of the Catholic Church and a sovereign state
tax-exempt status of a charity, being by fact the largest charitable institution in the world, either stating this explicitly, as in Brazil (2008, Article
Concordat
One or more words used to refer to something
their identity. People may also have titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of royal families may use various terms such as
Name
Template for neurodiversity studies
not a deficit, is developmentally beneficial and "transcend[s] a false dichotomy between celebrating differences and ameliorating deficit". Neurodiversity
Neurodiversity
religion which proposes "the secular as sacred", Confucianism transcends the dichotomy between religion and humanism. Confucians experience the sacred as existing
Religion_in_China
Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003, 2018–2020)
(1992). "The South and the Earth Summit: The Development/Environment Dichotomy". Penn State International Law Review. 11 (1). Archived from the original
Mahathir_Mohamad
Person who writes music
Growth. Mugmon, Matthew (November 2013). "Beyond the Composer-Conductor Dichotomy: Bernstein's Copland-Inspired Mahler Advocacy". Music & Letters. 94 (4):
Composer
American television series
escape a death sentence. Mulder and Scully came right out of my head. A dichotomy. They are the equal parts of my desire to believe in something and my
The_X-Files
Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand
Leonard. "The Analytic-Synthetic Dichotomy". In Rand 1990, p. 94 Peikoff, Leonard. "The Analytic-Synthetic Dichotomy". In Rand 1990, pp. 116–118 Rand
Objectivism
Chinese ethical and philosophical system
the ambiguous place of the Confucian tradition within the Left-Right dichotomy. Bell and Wang propose two justifications for political hierarchies that
Confucianism
Business framework
becoming a mainstream concern within the institutional industry. By late 2016, over a third of institutional investors (commonly referred to as LPs) based
Environmental, social, and governance
Environmental,_social,_and_governance
Group of states aligned with the United States during the Cold War
discussions surrounding NATO, the European Union, and Western-led global institutions. Overall, the terminology of the Western Bloc served not only as a means
Western_Bloc
Philosophical dichotomy
In philosophy, religion, and psychology, "good and evil" is a common dichotomy. In religions with Manichaean and Abrahamic influence, evil is perceived
Good_and_evil
Self-designation used by ancient Indo-Iranian peoples
contrasted the Aryans with the Semites, helping establish an intellectual dichotomy between the two groups that would later take on racial overtones by subsequent
Aryan
Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368)
largely remained strangers to the mainstream Chinese culture, and this dichotomy gave the Yuan regime a somewhat strong "colonial" coloration. The unequal
Yuan_dynasty
New Zealand psychologist and sexologist (1921–2006)
other sex-derivative differences that follow in the wake of this primary dichotomy. These differences involve the way urine is expelled from the human body
John_Money
Ethnic group
subgroups do not use the name, they all acknowledge a common origin and a dichotomy between themselves and Gadjo (non-Roma). For instance, while the main
Romani_people
Political and socioeconomic ideology
Vol. 2, No. 12". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. I see the dichotomies made between individualism and communism, individual revolt and class
Communism
Priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, Greece
earthquakes in the area. The Apollonian and Dionysian, concept of human dichotomy Cumaean Sibyl The Delphian Club, named for the Oracle of Delphi Delphic
Pythia
German artist (1889–1978)
important element in Höch's work was the intention to dismantle the fable and dichotomy that existed in the concept of the "New Woman": an energetic, professional
Hannah_Höch
Chinese Taoist text
The text aims to illustrate the arbitrariness and ultimate falsity of dichotomies normally embraced by human societies, such as those between good and
Zhuangzi_(book)
Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (1875–1961)
Anonymous has a psychological backdrop involving the human ego and the dichotomy between the conscious and unconscious mind. Jung had an apparent interest
Carl_Jung
Countries with an originally European shared culture
portal World portal Americas Anti-Western sentiment Atlanticism East–West dichotomy Far West Global Northwest Global North and Global South Monroe Doctrine
Western_world
Continent
the rolling plains of Hungary. Europe's most significant feature is the dichotomy between highland and mountainous Southern Europe and a vast, partially
Europe
Public university in Atlanta, Georgia, US
Center". news.gatech.edu. "2025 Fact Book" (PDF). Institutional Research & Planning. The Office of Institutional Research and Planning (IRP) at Georgia Tech
Georgia_Tech
Social unit which shares commonality
("society" or "association"). Tönnies proposed the Gemeinschaft–Gesellschaft dichotomy as a way to think about social ties. No group is exclusively one or the
Community
1952 book by Leo Strauss
interpretations of the exoteric-esoteric dichotomy. Despite academic debate, no widely accepted interpretation of this dichotomy has emerged. Some scholars, e.g
Persecution and the Art of Writing
Persecution_and_the_Art_of_Writing
Political system
and totalitarianism are forms of autocracy, they differ in three key dichotomies: (1) Unlike their bland and generally unpopular authoritarian brethren
Authoritarianism
Persian religion founded in the 3rd century AD
Alice Mann used the term to describe Hewitt's constructed good and evil dichotomy between orenda and otkon. She argues that Uki (in her view, a synonym
Manichaeism
Brazilian politician (1938–2007)
usually seen as being far-right. Although Enéas rejected the left-right dichotomy, as they were "sides of the same coin", defining himself only as a nationalist
Enéas_Carneiro
Economics of Innovation
presented as the driving forces of the diffusion cycles. Perez adapts the dichotomy of production and financial capital, which are distinct from each other
Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital
Technological_Revolutions_and_Financial_Capital
1849–1850 novel by Charles Dickens
stereotypes, the "angel" and the "whore". Dickens denounced this restrictive dichotomy by portraying women "in between". Such is Rosa Dartle, passionate being
David_Copperfield
Portugal's national archives
1378, it is one of the oldest archival institutions in the world. The archive is one of the oldest institutions in Portugal, since its installation in
Torre do Tombo National Archive
Torre_do_Tombo_National_Archive
1937 scholarly article by Ronald Coase
alternative coordination mechanism for economic transactions besides the dichotomy composed of markets and hierarchies. In the article's title, ‘penguin’
The_Nature_of_the_Firm
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
worldwide. To obtain loans from these institutions, developing or crisis-wracked countries had to agree to institutional reforms, including privatization,
Neoliberalism
American musician (born 1977)
to Playboy back in 2010". Music writer Steve Baltin commented on this dichotomy, saying that Mayer is "one of the sharpest and savviest musical minds
John_Mayer
1791–1804 slave revolt in Hispanola
man who encompasses the French view of its colonies, creating a stark dichotomy between the refinement of Enlightenment thought and the reality of the
Haitian_Revolution
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
temporal) change. Someone is therefore not simply on one end of each trait dichotomy but is a blend of both, exhibiting some characteristics more often than
Big_Five_personality_traits
Cold War coalition of communist states
because of the détente between the West and Tito. Despite the initial institutional design of communism implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Eastern Bloc
Eastern_Bloc
Process of revealing one's sexual orientation or other attributes
S2CID 143765694. Castellanos, H. Daniel (26 October 2015). "The Role of Institutional Placement, Family Conflict, and Homosexuality in Homelessness Pathways
Coming_out
Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)
yet made immune to scientific critique because of Steiner's radical dichotomy—agronomy, chemistry, pharmacology, physiology, anatomy, developmental
Rudolf_Steiner
Political philosophy and movement
anarchism's socialist credentials and criticise attempts at creating dichotomies between the two. Some scholars describe anarchism as having many influences
Anarchism
1974 book by Robert M. Pirsig
been noted that Pirsig's romantic/classical dichotomy resembles Nietzsche's Dionysian/Apollonian dichotomy as described in The Birth of Tragedy. For example
Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
Zen_and_the_Art_of_Motorcycle_Maintenance
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
hypothesis is also a later development; Sapir and Whorf never used such a dichotomy, although often their writings and their opinions of this relativity principle
Linguistic_relativity
Third sector of society, distinct from government and business
Stefan (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality" (PDF). Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte. 50
Civil_society
1999 American film by David Fincher
wanted the package to be simple on the outside, so that there would be a dichotomy between the simplicity of brown paper wrapping and the intensity and chaos
Fight_Club
AI that generates content
Nathan; Huang, Angela (2023). "A Brief History of Generative AI" (PDF). Dichotomies: Generative AI: Navigating Towards a Better Future (2): 4. Archived (PDF)
Generative_AI
Twin-aisle airliner family
material would perform for the 787. Therefore, a "fundamental philosophical dichotomy" existed in the group. This is why a single "collaborative" leader rather
Boeing_787_Dreamliner
maintaining the general dichotomy. Maurice Duverger, trying to explain the French Fifth Republic, found that this dichotomy was not adequate for this
List of countries by system of government
List_of_countries_by_system_of_government
Type of political organization
Pawel (2008). "Tocqueville on Civilian Society: A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality". Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte. 50: 260–266
State_(polity)
Study of fundamental reality
anthropology. It is disputed to what extent this contrast is a strict dichotomy rather than a gradual continuum. The word metaphysics has its origin in
Metaphysics
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
life. Note the Grimm fairy-tale ("The Water of Life") and the Russian dichotomy of living [ru] and dead water [ru]. The Fountain of Youth represents a
Water
Terms that denote two groups of countries
North distinction has been preferred to the older developed–developing dichotomy as it does not imply a hierarchy. Alvaro Mendez (economist), co-founder
Global_North_and_Global_South
Islamic law
239–45 Sajoo, Amyn B (Spring 1990). "Islam and Human Rights: Congruence or Dichotomy". Temple International and Comparative Law Journal. 4 (1): 23–34. ISBN 978-0520360051
Sharia
Slave trade between Africa and the West
"The race directive – Recycling the legacy of institutional racism". Race Rights Reparations: Institutional Racism and The Law. Taylor & Francis. p. 86
Atlantic_slave_trade
American actor and writer (born 1943)
governmental and individual responsibilities for finding solutions to the dichotomy between rich and poor in the world take hold in his characters. Aunt Dan
Wallace_Shawn
Transmission of language with brief pulses
method of learning Morse code. Some methods of teaching Morse code use a dichotomic search table. People learning Morse code using the Farnsworth method are
Morse_code
Mammals of the order Pholidota
is estimated to have occurred 75.31 Ma (million years) ago. The first dichotomy in the phylogeny of extant Manidae separates Asian pangolins (Manis) from
Pangolin
Polish sociologist and philosopher (1925–2017)
17 (10 September 2020), pp. 9–11. "[This biography's] leitmotif is the dichotomy between Bauman's Polish and Jewish identities, the first being the one
Zygmunt_Bauman
American feminist and queer philosopher (born 1956)
and political activists see in Butler a departure from the sex/gender dichotomy and a non-essentialist conception of gender—along with an insistence that
Judith_Butler
Region of the Americas
identity, and which often focussed on the Indigenous question or the dichotomy of "civilization or barbarism" (for which see, say, Domingo Sarmiento's
Latin_America
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INSTITUTIONAL DICHOTOMY
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