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Levantine region north of Galilee during the Late Hellenistic and early Roman periods
Iturea or Ituraea (Ancient Greek: Ἰτουραία, Itouraía) is the Greek name of a Levantine region north of Galilee during the Late Hellenistic and early Roman
Iturea
Division of Herod the Great's kingdom
part of Herod's kingdom. The Gospel of Luke lists Philip's territories as Iturea and Trachonitis and Flavius Josephus lists as Gaulanitis, Trachonitis and
Herodian_tetrarchy
Roman province located in modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon
provinces, with Roman Syria annexing the northern tetrarch's territory: Iturea and Trachonitis. By the late 2nd century, the province was divided into
Roman_Syria
King of Judaea (11 BCE–CE 44) (r. 41–44)
become king of Batanea, Trachonitis, Gaulanitis, Auranitis, Paneas and Iturea in 37 by obtaining the old tetrarchies of Philip and Lysanias, then Galilee
Herod_Agrippa
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
north and east of the sea of Galilee that included Gaulanitis, Batanea, and Iturea; it was mostly non-Jewish. South of this on the east bank of the Jordan
Jesus
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Saint_Peter
Client state of the Roman Republic from 37 to 4 BCE
39 CE, being then dismissed by Caligula, and Philip ruled as tetrarch of Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis and Paneas from 4 BCE to his
Herodian_kingdom
Geographic region in West Asia
extended their authority over much of Palestine, including Samaria, Galilee, Iturea, Perea, and Idumea. The Jewish control over the wider region resulted in
Palestine_(region)
Dynasty of Judea (140–37 BC)
expanded into the neighboring regions of Perea, Samaria, Idumea, Galilee, and Iturea. Forces of the Roman Republic intervened in the Hasmonean Civil War in 63
Hasmonean_dynasty
Ethnic group
scholars identify the Itureans as an Arab people who inhabited the region of Iturea, emerged as a prominent power in the region after the decline of the Seleucid
Arabs
Country in West Asia
(Aristobulus') primary accomplishment was annexing and Judaizing the region of Iturea, located between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains Ben-Sasson, H.H
Israel
Group of ten Hellenistic cities in the Levant
cities were located to the east of the Jordan Rift Valley, between Judaea, Iturea, Nabataea, and Syria. The Decapolis was a center of Hellenistic culture
Decapolis
Second Islamic caliphate (661–750)
Seleucid Empire Antioch Coele-Syria Osroene Commagene Parthian Empire Nabatea Iturea Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Roman Empire Roman Syria
Umayyad_Caliphate
Capital and largest city of Lebanon
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Beirut
Part of the Southern Levant east of the Jordan River
Iturea, Gaulanitis (Golan), Trachonitis (Lajat), Auranitis (Hauran), and Batanaea in the first century CE.
Transjordan_(region)
Angel in Abrahamic religions
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Gabriel
Jewish kingdom in the southern Levant (140–37 BC)
into neighboring regions, including Perea, Samaria, Idumea, Galilee, and Iturea. The Maccabees launched their revolt against the Seleucids in the 160s BCE
Hasmonean_Judea
1st-century Judean ruler
with the title of king over the territories previously governed by Philip—Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis and Paneas—as well as the kingdom
Herod_Agrippa_II
Royal dynasty of Idumaean (Edomite) descent
tetrarch with jurisdiction over the northeast part of his father's kingdom: Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanaea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis, and Paneas. He ruled until
Herodian_dynasty
Ptolemaeus (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος), son of Mennaeus (Mennæus) was tetrarch of Iturea and Chalcis from about 85 BC to 40 BC, in which year he died. Ptolemy was
Ptolemy_(son_of_Mennaeus)
1st-century BCE king of Judea
Philip became tetrarch of territories north and east of the Jordan, namely Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis and Paneas, and ruled until
Herod_the_Great
Son of Herod the Great and ruler of part of his father's kingdom
convention"). Philip ruled territories which the Gospel of Luke lists as Iturea and Trachonitis and Flavius Josephus lists as Gaulanitis, Trachonitis and
Philip_the_Tetrarch
Ancient Semitic people in the Near East
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Arameans
Roman governor of Judea and condemner of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Pontius_Pilate
Region in the ancient Near East
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Canaan
Region of the Middle East
Phoenicia Israel and Judah Palestine Alashiya Aram Neo-Hittite states Nabatea Iturea Seleucid Empire Coele-Syria Roman Syria Arabia: Dilmun Magan Gerrha Awal
Fertile_Crescent
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Thomas_the_Apostle
Roman emperor from AD 14 to 37
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Tiberius
Archaeological site in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Gezer
1st-century AD king of Chalcis and Lesser Armenia
Chalcis and his first wife Mariamne. Herod of Chalcis, ruler of Chalcis in Iturea, was a grandson of Herod the Great through his father, Aristobulus IV. Mariamne
Aristobulus_of_Chalcis
Hebrew ethno-religious group in Canaan during the Iron Age
(Aristobulus') primary accomplishment was annexing and Judaizing the region of Iturea, located between the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains Ben-Sasson, H.H
Israelites
Site of an ancient city in northern Israel's Jezreel Valley
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Tel_Megiddo
City in Palestine
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Gaza_City
Ancient trade route
cause of their war with the Hasmonean ruler Alexander Jannaeus and with Iturea in the beginning of the 1st century BC. During the Roman period, the road
King's_Highway_(ancient)
Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Augustus
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Bartholomew_the_Apostle
Ancient kingdom East of the Dead Sea
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Moab
Apostle of Jesus (6–100)
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
John_the_Apostle
Book of the New Testament
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Gospel_of_Luke
Father of John the Baptist
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Zechariah, father of John the Baptist
Zechariah,_father_of_John_the_Baptist
Father of Herod the Great
(4) Herod Antipas tetrarch of Galilea & Perea (5) Philip the Tetrarch of Iturea & Trachonitis Tigranes V of Armenia Alexander II Herod Agrippa I king of
Antipater_the_Idumaean
Capital city of Syria
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Damascus
Hypothesized Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)
Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)
Residents of the ancient Near East until the end of antiquity
Phoenicia Israel and Judah Palestine Alashiya Aram Neo-Hittite states Nabatea Iturea Seleucid Empire Coele-Syria Roman Syria Arabia: Dilmun Magan Gerrha Awal
Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples
1st-century AD tetrarch of Galilee and Perea (r. 1–39)
Galilee and Perea with the lesser title of tetrarch. Philip was to receive Iturea, Trachonitis, Batanea, Gaulanitis, Auranitis, and Paneas also with the title
Herod_Antipas
Period in Jewish history, c. 516 BCE–70 CE
these conquests. Josephus writes that he had also subjugated and Judaized Iturea, but this claim is not supported by archeological evidence. Alexander Jannaeus
Second_Temple_period
Ancient Semitic kingdom in the Levant
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Ammon
First-century Jewish high priest
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Caiaphas
Ancient kingdom in the southern Levant
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Edom
Archaic form of the Hebrew language
dynasty and conquered nearby regions: Perea, Samaria, Idumea, Galilee, and Iturea. Later, the Roman Republic ended their independence, making Herod the Great
Biblical_Hebrew
Province of the Roman Empire (135–357 CE)
Roman provinces, with the neighbouring Roman province of Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis. The capital of the Roman province of Judaea shifted from
Syria_Palaestina
Apostle of Jesus (died 44)
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
James_the_Great
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
History_of_Jerusalem
Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)
Ethnarch of ancient Samaria, Judea, and Idumea
(4) Herod Antipas tetrarch of Galilea & Perea (5) Philip the Tetrarch of Iturea & Trachonitis Tigranes V of Armenia Alexander II Herod Agrippa I king of
Herod_Archelaus
State in Mesopotamia (c. 2334–2154 BC)
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Akkadian_Empire
Ancient Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Mitanni
Home of many cradles of civilization
Phoenicia Israel and Judah Palestine Alashiya Aram Neo-Hittite states Nabatea Iturea Seleucid Empire Coele-Syria Roman Syria Arabia: Dilmun Magan Gerrha Awal
Ancient_Near_East
Ancient port city in western Syria and northern levant
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Ugarit
Region of ancient Israel
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Samaria
Son of Herod the Great of Judea and Mariamne II (c. 27 BC - 33/34 AD)
(4) Herod Antipas tetrarch of Galilea & Perea (5) Philip the Tetrarch of Iturea & Trachonitis Tigranes V of Armenia Alexander II Herod Agrippa I king of
Herod_II
Arab kingdom, 3rd century BC to 106 AD
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Nabataean_Kingdom
Topics referred to by the same term
called Herod Philip II, (born c. 20 BC, ruled 4 BC–AD 34), tetrarch of Iturea, Trachonitis, and Batanaea Herod Agrippa (born c. 11 BC, ruled AD 41–44)
Herod
Biblical figure
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Martha
Chapter of the New Testament
governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Iturea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene — 2during the high priesthood
Luke_3
Historical region in the Levant mentioned in the Bible
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Bashan
Mother of John the Baptist
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist
Elizabeth,_mother_of_John_the_Baptist
Roman legate, consul and governor of Syria (c. 51 BC – AD 21)
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Quirinius
Provincial region of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates
Seleucid Empire Antioch Coele-Syria Osroene Commagene Parthian Empire Nabatea Iturea Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Roman Empire Roman Syria
Bilad_al-Sham
remnant, abundance of the people Ittah-kazin Ittai, with me plowman, living Iturea Ivah Iye Abarim Izehar Izhar, Izehar, oil bright one, olive oil Izrahiah
List of biblical names starting with I
List_of_biblical_names_starting_with_I
1st century prophet of the New Testament
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
James,_son_of_Alphaeus
Father of James and John, two disciples of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Zebedee
since the Bronze Age. It has been part of Assyria, Macedon, Seleucids, Iturea, Banu Ammar, Mamluks and crusader states. The major historic buildings and
List of World Heritage Sites in Lebanon
List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Lebanon
Ancient Semitic maritime civilization
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Phoenicia
Iron Age group of polities
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Aramean_states
Classical-era region of the Levant
BCE - 34 AD), then kingdom of Herod Agrippa I (37 - 44 AD) and Herod Agrippa II (53 - 100 AD): Iturea, Trachonitis, Gaulanitis, Batanea and Auranitis
Batanaea
Territory inhabited by the Philistines in Canaan
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Philistia
Frontier and border defences of the Roman Empire
now became "client kings of Rome", as occurred with the rulers of Emesa, Iturea, Commagene, Cilicia and Nabataea. While still preparing to conquer Dacia
Limes_(Roman_Empire)
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Andrew_the_Apostle
Roman client king of Chalcis in Iturea (ruled 41-48 AD)
Roman client king of Chalcis in Iturea (ruled 41-48 AD)
Herod_of_Chalcis
Biblical character
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Naaman
Semitic kingdom in Syria
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Yamhad
Archaeological site in Syria
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Hamoukar
Seleucid Empire Antioch Coele-Syria Osroene Commagene Parthian Empire Nabatea Iturea Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Roman Empire Roman Syria
History_of_the_ancient_Levant
Heir of Judea
(4) Herod Antipas tetrarch of Galilea & Perea (5) Philip the Tetrarch of Iturea & Trachonitis Tigranes V of Armenia Alexander II Herod Agrippa I king of
Alexander,_son_of_Herod
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Simon_the_Zealot
Biblical city in the West Bank
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Shechem
Apostle of Jesus
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Jude_the_Apostle
Phoenicia Israel and Judah Palestine Alashiya Aram Neo-Hittite states Nabatea Iturea Seleucid Empire Coele-Syria Roman Syria Arabia: Dilmun Magan Gerrha Awal
History_of_the_Middle_East
Former country
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Amurru_kingdom
it was refounded as a Roman colony decades later. Hasmonean campaign in Iturea 103 BC Beqaa Valley Unknown Iturean tribes Hasmonean dynasty under Aristobulus
List of extrajudicial killings and political violence in Lebanon
List_of_extrajudicial_killings_and_political_violence_in_Lebanon
Place mentioned in the Hebrew Bible
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Geshur
Ancient Syrian city
Dynasty Ghassanid Kingdom Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Iturea Macedonia Nabataean Kingdom Osroene Palmyrene Empire Parthian Empire Seleucid
Ebla
Biblical figure responsible for Jesus's burial
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Joseph_of_Arimathea
Census of Judea taken by Publius Sulpicius Quirinius in 6
disciples Places Abilene Bethany Bethsaida Capernaum Decapolis Emmaus Galilee Iturea Jerusalem Jordan River Judea Nain Samaria Sea of Galilee Trachonitis Related
Census_of_Quirinius
Region in Syria and Jordan
south as Ramtha ... Hauran comprises therefore part of Trachonitis and Iturea, the whole of Auranitis, and the northern districts of Batanea. The plain
Hauran
Ancient Egyptian name for Canaan and Syria
Seleucid Empire Antioch Coele-Syria Osroene Commagene Parthian Empire Nabatea Iturea Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Roman Empire Roman Syria
Retjenu
Ruler mentioned in Josephus
This has been referred to by various names including Abilene, Chalcis and Iturea, from about 40-36 BC. Josephus is our main source for his life. The father
Lysanias
Period of Levantine history
Seleucid Empire Antioch Coele-Syria Osroene Commagene Parthian Empire Nabatea Iturea Hasmonean Judea Herodian kingdom Herodian tetrarchy Roman Empire Roman Syria
Prehistory_of_the_Levant
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